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Molecular mechanisms involved in high glucose-induced heme oxygenase-1 expression in bovine aortic endothelial cells

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Molecular mechanisms involved in high glucose-induced heme o...

Scale-dependent Regional Climate Predictability over North America Inferred from CMIP3 and CMIP5 ensemble Simulations

中国生理学会第23届全国会员代表大会暨生理学学术大会

作者： Richard C.M.Siow giovanni e.mann Cardiovascular Division School of Medicine

Hyperglycaemia and diabetes are associated with cell dysfunction arising from enhanced oxidative injury, leading to the progression of diabetic vascular *** transcription factor Nrf2 mediates the induction of cytoprotective genes such as heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) via activation of antioxidant response elements(ARe). HO-1 catabolises the degradation of pro-oxidant heme to generate the vasodilator carbon monoxide and antioxidants biliverdin and *** present study has investigated whether high glucose enhances superoxide generation, Nrf2 activation and HO-1 induction,as well as related molecular mechanisms in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAeC).Confluent monolayers were treated in medium containing 1%FCS with 25 mmol/L D-glucose in the presence or absence of superoxide scavengers SOD(200 U/ mL) and Tiron(10μmol/L),NADPH oxidase inhibitors apocynin(100μmol/L) and DPI(10μmol/L),eNOS inhibitor L-NAMe(50μmol/L),or MAPK inhibitors SB203580(10μmol/L),SP600125(20μmol/L),and U0126(10μmol/L) for 0-24 h.D-mannintol(20 mmol/L) was used as osmotic *** expression of HO-1,nuclear Nrf2,and phosphorylated MAPKinases were determined by western blot analyses and Nrf2 translocation by *** of superoxide was assessed in live cells using the L-012 chemiluminescence *** of BAeC with 25 mmol/L D-glucose(0-24 h),but not D-mannitol,elicited a significantly enhanced generation of superoxide,nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and induction of HO-1 expression in a dose and time dependent *** HO-1 expression induced by high glucose was attenuated by intracellular superoxide scavenger Tiron and eNOS inhibitor L-NAMe,but not by extracellular superoxide scavenger SOD or NADPH inhibitors apocynin and *** glucose could also induce the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK,but only JNK inhibitor could block high glucose-induced HO-1 expression,suggesting that JNK signaling pathway is possibly involved in high glucose-induced HO-1 ex

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2016年第8期33卷 905-918页

作者： Fuqing ZHANG Wei LI Michael e.mann Department of Meteorology and Center for Advanced Data Assimilation and Predictability Techniques The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA IMSG at NOAA NWSNCEPEnvironmental Modeling CenterCollege ParkMD 20740USA

Through the analysis of ensembles of coupled model simulations and projections collected from CMIP3 and CMIP5, we demonstrate that a fundamental spatial scale limit might exist below which useful additional refinement of climate model predictions and projections may not be possible. That limit varies among climate variables and from region to region. We show that the uncertainty（noise） in surface temperature predictions（represented by the spread among an ensemble of global climate model simulations） generally exceeds the ensemble mean（signal） at horizontal scales below 1000 km throughout North America, implying poor predictability at those scales. More limited skill is shown for the predictability of regional precipitation. The ensemble spread in this case tends to exceed or equal the ensemble mean for scales below 2000 km. These findings highlight the challenges in predicting regionally specific future climate anomalies, especially for hydroclimatic impacts such as drought and wetness.

关键词： regional climate predictability CMIP5 ensemble North America climate change

The ocean response to climate change guides both adaptation and mitigation efforts

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2022年第4期15卷 58-66页

作者： John Abraham Lijing Cheng Michael e.mann Kevin Trenberth Karina vonSchuckmann University of St.Thomas School of EngineeringMinnesotaUSA Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science Penn StatePennsylvaniaUSA National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderCOUSA Mercator Ocean International ToulouseFrance University of Auckland AucklandNew Zealand

The ocean’s thermal inertia is a major contributor to irreversible ocean changes exceeding time scales that matter to human *** fact is a challenge to societies as they prepare for the consequences of climate change,especially with respect to the *** the authors review the requirements for human actions from the ocean’s *** the near term(∼2030),goals such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)will be *** longer times(∼2050–2060 and beyond),global carbon neutrality targets may be met as countries continue to work toward reducing *** adaptation and mitigation plans need to be fully implemented in the interim,and the Global Ocean Observation System should be sustained so that changes can be continuously *** the longer-term(after∼2060),slow emerging changes such as deep ocean warming and sea level rise are committed to continue even in the scenario where net zero emissions are ***,climate actions have to extend to time scales of hundreds of *** these time scales,preparation for“high impact,low probability”risks—such as an abrupt showdown of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation,ecosystem change,or irreversible ice sheet loss—should be fully integrated into long-term planning.

关键词： Global change Ocean Time scale Climate adaptation and mitigation Climate action High impact low probability

Novel immunotherapeutic approaches in head and neck cancer

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2019年第11期4卷 36-46页

作者： Molly e.Heft Neal Catherine T.Haring Jacqueline e.mann J.Chad Brenner Matthew e.Spector Paul L.Swiecicki Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48103USA Department of Internal Medicine Division of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI 48103USA Department of Pharmacology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48103USA Rogel Cancer Center University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48103USA

Unresectable recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer is an incurable disease with survival of approximately 12 months. Head and neck tumors exhibit numerous derangements in the tumor microenvironment that aid in immune evasion and may serve as targets for future therapies. Pembrolizumab is now approved as a first line therapy. Despite the promise of currently approved immunotherapies there continues to be low response rates and additional strategies are needed. Here, alterations in the immune microenvironment and current therapeutic strategies are reviewed with a focus on novel immunologic approaches.

关键词： Immunotherapy head and neck immune evasion immune derangement checkpoint inhibitors recurrent/metastatic

Increasing chloride concentration causes retention of mercury in melted Arctic snow due to changes in photoreduction kinetics

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2018年第6期30卷 122-129页

作者： e.A.mann S.e.Ziegler A.Steffen N.J.O'Driscoll Department of environmental Science Acadia University environmental Science Programme Memorial University of Newfoundland environment and Climate Change Canada Science and Technology Branch Air Quality Research Division

Mercury（Hg） in the Arctic is a significant concern due to its bioaccumulative and neurotoxic properties, and the sensitivity of Arctic environments. Previous research has found high levels of Hg in snowpacks with high chloride（Cl-） concentrations. We hypothesised that Cl- would increase Hg retention by decreasing Hg photoreduction to Hg（0） in melted Arctic snow. To test this, changes in Hg photoreduction kinetics in melted Alert, NU snow were quantified with changing Cl- concentration and UV intensity. Snow was collected and melted in Teflon bottles in May 2014, spiked with 0–10 μg/g Cl-, and irradiated with 3.52–5.78 W·m-2 UV（280–400 nm）radiation in a Luz Chem photoreactor. Photoreduction rate constants（k）（0.14–0.59 hr-1） had positive linear relationships with [Cl-], while photoreduced Hg amounts（Hg（Ⅱ）red） had negative linear relationships with [Cl-]（1287–64 pg in 200 g melted snow）. Varying UV and[Cl-] both altered Hg（Ⅱ）red amounts, with more efficient Hg stabilisation by Cl- at higher UV intensity, while k can be predicted by Cl- concentration and/or UV intensity, depending on experimental parameters. Overall, with future projections for greater snowpack Cl- loading,our experimental results suggest that more Hg could be delivered to Arctic aquatic ecosystems by melted snow（smaller Hg（Ⅱ）red expected）, but the Hg in the melted snow that is photoreduced may do so more quickly（larger k expected）.

关键词： Mercury Photoreduction Arctic Melted snow

Pliocene cyprinids (Cypriniformes,Teleostei) from Kunlun Pass Basin,northeastern Tibetan Plateau and their bearings on development of water system and uplift of the area

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Science China earth Sciences 2010年第4期53卷 485-500页

作者： CHANG Mee.mann Key Laboratory of evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Here described are the cyprinid fossils from the Pliocene Lower Member of Qiangtang Formation of the Kunlun Pass Basin,northeastern Tibetan Plateau,collected at a locality 4769 m above the sea level(asl).The materials consist of numerous disarticulated and incomplete bones as well as thousands of pharyngeal teeth,fin rays,and *** fossils were referred to the genus Gymnocypris,lineage Schizothoracini,family Cyprinidae;the lineage Schizothoracini;and the family Cyprinidae *** Schizothoracini is a freshwater fish group endemic to the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding *** workers on living schizothoracins regarded that Gymnocypris belongs to the highly specialized grade of the group,colonizing higher altitudes than other members of the *** species are so far unequivocally assigned to the genus,i.e.,*** and ***,and they are inhabiting Qinghai Lake and the waters on both north(the Golmud River) and south(upper reach of the Yellow River) sides of the east Kunlun Mountain,*** abundant fossil schizothoracins occur in the Kunlun Pass Basin on the southern slope of the east Kunlun Mountain(at 4769 m asl),close to the present Golmud River,indicating comparatively rich waters in the area and possible connections between the water systems on north and south sides of the east Kunlun Mountain during the *** also suggests a more humid climate in the area during the Pliocene than it is *** presence of the highly specialized schizothoracin Gymnocypris may also imply less amplitude of uplift(approximately 1000 m) in the area since the Pliocene than previously proposed.

关键词： Gymnocypris Schizothoracini Pliocene Kunlun Pass Basin of northeastern Tibetan Plateau development of water system uplift of the area

Immune response to H pylori

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第35期12卷 5593-5598页

作者： giovanni Suarez Victor e Reyes ellen J Beswick Department of Pediatrics University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX 77555 United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX 77555United StatesDepartment of Microbiology and Immunol-ogy University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX 77555 United States

The gastric mucosa separates the underlying tissue from the vast array of antigens that traffic through the stomach lumen. While the extreme pH of this environment is essential in aiding the activation of enzymes and food digestion, it also renders the gastric epithelium free from bacterial colonization, with the exception of one important human pathogen, Hpylori. This bacterium has developed mechanisms to survive the harsh environment of the stomach, actively move through the mucosal layer, attach to the epithelium, evade immune responses, and achieve persistent colonization. While a hallmark of this infection is a marked inflammatory response with the infiltration of various immune cells into the infected gastric mucosa, the host immune response is unable to clear the infection and may actually contribute to the associated pathogenesis. Here, we review the host responses involved during infection with Hpylori and how they are influenced by this bacterium.

关键词： H pylori Immune response T cell Dendritic cells

H pylori and host interactions that influence pathogenesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第35期12卷 5599-5605页

作者： ellen J Beswick giovanni Suarez Victor e Reyes Departments of Pediatrics Microbiology and Immunology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX 77555 United States

H py/ori is probably the most prevalent human pathogen worldwide. Since it was initially suggested in 1983 by Marshall and Warren to be implicated in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease, H pylori has also been implicated in gastric carcinoma and was classified as a class I carcinogen. In the last two decades, a noteworthy body of research has revealed the multiple processes that this gram negative bacterium activates to cause gastroduodenal disease in humans. Most infections are acquired early in life and may persist for the life of the individual. While infected individuals mount an inflammatory response that becomes chronic, along with a detectable adaptive immune response, these responses are ineffective in clearing the infection. Hpylori has unique features that allow it to reside within the harsh conditions of the gastric environment, and also to evade the host immune response. In this review, we discuss the various virulence factors expressed by this bacterium and how they interact with the host epithelium to influence pathogenesis.

关键词： H pylori Gastric cancer Immune response Vacuolating cytotoxin

Giant hibernoma of the thoracic pleura and chest wall

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2013年第4期1卷 143-145页

作者： Dawn e Jaroszewski giovanni De Petris Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of Surgery Mayo Clinic Arizona Phoenix AZ 85054 United States Department of Pathology Mayo Clinic Arizona Phoenix AZ 85054 United States

Hibernoma is a rare tumor containing prominent brown adipocytes that resemble normal brown *** fat(versus white fat) is predominantly found in hibernating mammals and *** fat adipocytes contain a higher number of small lipid droplets and a much denser concentration of *** tumor can occur in a variety of locations however the extremities,followed by the head and neck,have been the most common *** variants of hibernoma described have followed a benign course with the majority presenting as a small,lobulated,nontender *** present a case of a giant hibernoma arising from the pleura which invaded the intra and extra-thoracic chest.

关键词： Hibernoma Lipoma Thoracic wall Pleural neoplasm Thoracic neoplasms