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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第9期29卷 390-397,I0012页

作者： You Li Xiao Zhang Guihua Liu Ashton gerhardt Katelyn Evans Aizhong Jia Zisheng Zhang Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process SafetySchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300130China Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of OttawaOttawaOntario K1N 6N5Canada

Lithium sulfur(Li-S)batteries demonstrate great promise for efficient energy storage systems once the lithium polysulfide(LPS)shuttling and sluggish redox kinetics can be well ***,we developed a sea urchin-structured oxygen-deficient titanium dioxide semiconductor anchored with cobalt nano-dots(Co@TiO2-x)as a high-performance multifunctional sulfur host material for Li-S *** sea urchin-structured Co@TiO2-x offers strong structural stability and strengthened chemical interaction towards ***,the incorporation of Co nano-dots into TiO2 leads to increased oxygen vacancies,which augments the electrical conduction and benefits LPS conversion acceleration as *** a result,the oxygen vacancy-rich Co@TiO2-x composite exhibits excellent conductivity,strong LPS confinement and promoted sulfur electrochemical kinetics,rendering enhanced LPS shuttling inhibition and rapid redox *** to these features,the Co@TiO2-x/S cathode exhibits a discharge capacity of 803 mAh g-1at 1 C and a good cyclic stability upon 500 cycles with a low capacity fading rate of 0.07%per *** synergistic design of conductive multifunctional LPS barrier is also promising to enlighten the material engineering in other energy storage applications.

关键词： Titanium dioxide Oxygen vacancy Cobalt nano-dots Lithium-sulfur battery Conversion kinetics

C-reactive protein is a prognostic indicator in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第34期12卷 5495-5500页

作者： Thomas gerhardt Sabine Milz Michael Schepke Georg Feldmann Martin Wolff Tilman Sauerbruch Franz Ludwig Dumoulin Department of Internal Medicine I University Hospital Bonn Germany Department of Surgery University Hospital Bonn Germany

AIM： To evaluate prognostic indicators for the outcome of patients with perihilar extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in an unselected cohort. METHODS： We retrospectively analyzed 98 patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Twenty-three patients （23.5%） underwent tumor resection. Patients with non-resectable tumors underwent either transpapillary or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Additionally, 32 patients （32.7%） received photodynamic therapy （PDT） and 18 patients （18.4%） systemic chemotherapy. Predefined variables at the time of diagnosis and characteristics considering the mode of treatment were entered into a Cox＇s proportional hazards model. Included in the analysis were age, tumor stage following the modified Bismuth-Corlette classification, bilirubin, prothrombin time （PT）, C-reactive protein （CRP）, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 （CA19-9）, history of weight loss, surgical resection, chemotherapy and PDT. RESULTS： The Kaplan-Meier estimate of overall median survival was 10.5 （95%CI： 8.4-12.6） mo. In the univariate analysis, low Bismuth stage, low CRP and surgical resection correlated significantly with better survival. In the multivariate analysis, only CRP （P = 0.005） and surgical resection （P = 0.029） were found to be independently predictive of survival in the cohort. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） analysis identified a CRP level of 11.75 mg/L as the value associated with the highest sensitivity and specificity predicting a survival 〉 5 too. Applying Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients with a CRP 〈 12 mg/L at the time of diagnosis had a significantly longer median survival than patients with higher values （16.2 vs 7.6 mo; P = 0.009）.CONCLUSION： This retrospective analysis identified CRP level at the time of diagnosis as a novel indicator for the prognosis of patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. It should be evaluated in future prospective trials on this entity.

关键词： Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma Prognosticfactors C-reactive protein Resection Outcome

Effects of New and Aged Polyethylenterephthalat and Polylactic Acid on Gammarus fossarum(Crustacea: Amphipoda) during Long-Term Exposures

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2020年第5期11卷 359-376页

作者： Almut gerhardt LimCo International GmbH Konstanz Germany

The freshwater amphipod Gammarus fossarum (Koch, 1835) was exposed in four subsequent experiments of each 45 - 48 days to 1 cm2 plastic foil (Polyethylenterephthalat (PET), Polylactic acid (PLA)) with mortality, feeding, and behavior in the Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor©(MFB) (spontaneous locomotion, gill ventilation) being studied once a week. Mortality was generally high and similar in all experiments, with a slight increase in PLA treatments. PLA exposed animals showed higher ventilation, but spontaneous locomotion was equally high in all treatments during all experiments, showing high reproducibility. Feeding rates reached up to 50% of the provided alder leaf in all treatments and in all experiments. PLA foils started to age by surface cracks, deformation at the edges and loss of transparency esp. in the 4th run with 135 d old foils. Both types of foils were equally colonized with biofilm during 45 days’ exposures, starting with ciliates and flagellates, followed by diatoms and green filamentous algae at last. Some taxa differed in absolute amounts in the 4 subsequent experiments due to seasonal succession. There was only marginal weight loss of the foils during 180 days of exposure. The biopolymer PLA started to degrade slowly after 180 d, whereas PET remained morphologically unchanged. The presence of the plastic foils in the beakers independent of their age had no significant effects on survival, behavior, and feeding of G. fossarum during 45 d of exposure.

关键词： Toxicity Plastic Biopolymer Biofilm Gammarus fossarum

Behavioural Responses of Crangon crangon(Crustacea, Decapoda) to Reduced Seawater pH Following Simulated Leakage from Sub-Sea Geological Storage

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第7期4卷 61-67页

作者： gerhardt Almut Shaw Bamber 1International Research Institute of Stavanger (IRIS) Stavanger Norway 2LimCo International GmbH Konstanz Germany. International Research Institute of Stavanger (IRIS) Stavanger Norway

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) in sub-sea geological formations is being developed and promoted to mitigate CO2 discharges to the atmosphere from point sources such as power stations. There remain some questions on the risks associated with the possible loss of gas from storage and the environmental harm this could pose to marine organisms associated with the sea bed in these regions. This study investigated the effect of exposing the common shrimp (Crangon crangon) to reduced pH conditions and presents the results of stepwise pH-reductions (0.2 pH units from pH 7 down to pH 6). Behaviour was monitored continuously throughout 8 hours of exposure. In three subsequent experiments we could show a consistent and repeatable behavioural response pattern consisting of immediate avoidance reactions expressed as “shooting behaviour” following each pH-reduction every hour. The animals responded in a rapid manner to the shifts at all pH values, suggesting that these animals are sensitive to even relatively small changes. The results indicate that repeated acute pH-stress caused by CO2-leakage from carbon storage sites might affect the behaviour and subsequent fitness of natural populations of common shrimps. Changes in behaviour are likely to lead to increased predation on these animals and migration away from affected areas.

关键词： Behaviour Avoidance Shrimp pH CO2 Injection CCS Acidification

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Eucalyptus urophylla clone BRS07-01

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第2期31卷 507-519页

作者： Gisela Manuela de Franca Bettencourt Carlos Ricardo Soccol Thais Salete Giovanella Luziane Franciscon Daiane Rigoni Kestring Isabel Rodrigues gerhardt Juliana Degenhardt-Goldbach Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Federal University of ParanaAvenida Cel.Francisco Heraclito dos Santos210CuritibaParanaBrazil Department of Agronomy Federal University of ParanaRua dos Funcionarios1540CuritibaParanaBrazil Embrapa Forestry Estrada da RibeiraKm 111ColomboParanaBrazil Embrapa Agricultural Informatics Av.Andre Tosello209CampinasSao PauloBrazil

Genetic transformation is becoming routine for engineering specific traits in important clones of recalcitrant species such as Eucalyptus;however,the efficiency is still low for most species,so many researchers still use seeds instead of clones as initial *** work aimed to develop a genetic transformation protocol,based on a highly efficient in vitro organogenesis protocol,for an Eucalyptus urophylla clone selected in our breeding *** growth regulators were evaluated for indirect organogenesis and *** a two-step protocol,the combination of callus induction media supplemented with 0.5 μM thidiazuron+0.5 μM naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA)and shoot induction media supplemented with 5.0 μM benzylaminopurine+1.0 lM NAA allowed up to 85.6%shoot formation with more shoots per explants when compared with other *** plants expressing the uidA gene were obtained using Agrobacterium tumefaciens and selected for kanamycin resistance.A RAPD analysis was used to check for somaclonal *** tests using 11 RAPD primers,we did not observe somaclonal variation in the in vitro stages evaluated.

关键词： Eucalyptus Genetic transformation In vitro regeneration Plant growth regulators Somaclonal variation

身体的“大理性”(上)--论查拉图斯特拉的第四篇演说

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现代哲学 2010年第3期 87-93页

作者： Volker gerhardt[德] 江晶静(译) 德国科学院联盟科研委员会北京大学北京100871

在查拉图斯特拉以“蔑视身体者”为题的第四篇演说中可以找到一个表达方式，它无比精辟地阐明了“存在”最为深邃庞大的谜题之一。它就是“身体的‘大理性＇”这一用语。

关键词：演说图斯身体理性 “存在” 深邃

身体的“大理性”(下)——论查拉图斯特拉的第四篇演说

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现代哲学 2010年第4期 72-79页

作者： Volker gerhardt[德] 江晶静（译）

查拉图斯特拉在给予蔑视身体的人以唯一忠告——这忠告完全可以通过上下文前后一致地推导出来，即让他们变成“哑巴”——之后，引用了一个孩子的言论，虽然他完全了解，这其实是大多数成年人会使用的说话方式：“‘我是身体和灵魂’—... 详细信息

查拉图斯特拉在给予蔑视身体的人以唯一忠告——这忠告完全可以通过上下文前后一致地推导出来，即让他们变成“哑巴”——之后，引用了一个孩子的言论，虽然他完全了解，这其实是大多数成年人会使用的说话方式：“‘我是身体和灵魂’——孩子如此说道。为什么人们不像孩子这样说呢？”（39）

关键词：身体图斯演说理性说话方式上下文孩子成年人

A Review of the DCP-DN Pavement Design Method for Low Volume Sealed Roads: Development and Applications

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2019年第4期9卷 397-422页

作者： Philip Paige-Green gerhardt Daniel Van Zyl Department of Civil Engineering Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa Mycube Asset Management Systems (Pty) Ltd. Cape Town South Africa.

Widespread implementation of the DCP-DN design method for low volume roads has been promoted internationally over the past decade or so. The method has progressed from a simple determination of the in situ CBR investigation based on DCP-CBR correlations with respective cover requirements to a more sophisticated method using the DCP penetration data directly and omitting any need to use correlations with the CBR. This paper summarises the development of the method, and some of its advantages and compares the design structures with other recognised and widely implemented designs.

关键词： Low Volume Roads Design Dynamic Cone Penetrometer DCP CBR

Active in SituBiomonitoring of Pesticide Pulses Using Gammarusspp. in Small Tributaries of Lake Constance

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2012年第7期3卷 573-583页

作者： Almut gerhardt Margie Koster Frank Lang Vera Leib Amt für Umwelt Kanton Thurgau Frauenfeld Switzerland Amt für Umwelt und Energie Kanton St. Gallen St. Gallen Switzerlan Interkantonales Labor Schaffhausen Schaffhausen Switzerland LimCo International GmbH Konstanz Germany

Gammarids are important members of a stream’s macrozoobenthos biocoenosis and food web. Moreover, they proved to be very sensitive towards different types of pollution. GamToxTM is a new in situ ecotoxicity test, based on survival and feeding behavior of caged gammarids for active monitoring of small streams in agricultural areas. GamToxTM has been applied in two streams with specific pollution problems in the catchment of Lake Constance. Ten organisms were exposed in 5 replicates in flow through test tubes containing one conditioned alder leaf, placed in baskets which were attached in the stream bottom and on the banks. Each week, the number of living animals was counted, the percentage of leaf skeletized estimated in semi-quantitative classes and a new elder leaf provided. Dead organisms were removed. Simultaneously, chemical analyses of pesticides and nutrients (N-compounds, P) were performed on cumulative water samples over one week. Moreover, macrozoobenthos was collected and determined according to the IBCH method, and the SPEAR index calculated. GamToxTM proved to be very sensitive to detect pesticides, copper as well as nutrients, both during acute pollution pulses and chronic exposures of up to 6 weeks. Survival turned out to be a more sensitive and less variable parameter than feeding. GamToxTM is easy to perform and directly provides a measure of ecotoxicological effects of toxicant/nutrient mixtures, which cannot be predicted by biological indices based on macrozoobenthos data such as IBCH and SPEAR-index. This study was co-financed by the InterReg IV project “?kotoxikologischer Index im Bodenseeraum”, no. 227 (2011-2013) supported by the EFRE.

关键词： Active Biomonitoring Gammarus Field Test Ecotoxicology

ER stress-induced aggresome trafficking of HtrA1 protects against proteotoxicity

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2017年第6期9卷 516-532页

作者： Maximilian J. gerhardt Joseph A. Marsh Margaux Morrison Andrius Kazlauskas Arogya Khadka Stephan Rosenkranz Margaret M. DeAngelis Magali Saint-Geniez Sarah Melissa P. Jacobo Department of Ophthalmology Harvard Medical School The Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Boston MA 02114 USA Department III of Internal Medicine Cologne University Heart Center Center for Molecular Medicine University of Cologne 50931 Cologne Germany MRC Human Genetics Unit Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH4 2XU UK Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Utah and John A. Moran Eye Center Salt Lake City UT 84132 USA

High temperature requirement A1 （HtrA1） belongs to an ancient protein family that is linked to various human disorders. The pre- cise role of exon 1-encoded N-terminal domains and how these influence the biological functions of human HtrAZ remain elusive. In this study, we traced the evolutionary origins of these N-terminal domains to a single gene fusion event in the most recent common ancestor of vertebrates. We hypothesized that human HtrA1 is impticated in unfotded protein response. ｜n highly secre- tory cells of the retinal pigmented epithelia, endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress upregulated HtrA1. HtrA1 co-localized with vimen- tin intermediate filaments in highly arborized fashion. Upon ER stress, HtrA1 tracked along intermediate filaments, which collapsed and bundled in an aggresome at the microtubule organizing center. Gene silencing of HtrA1 altered the schedule and amplitude of adaptive signaling and concomitantly resulted in apoptosis. Restoration of wild-type HtrA1, but not its protease inactive mutant, was necessary and sufficient to protect from apoptosis. A variant of HtrA1 that harbored exon 1 substitutions dis- played reduced efficacy in rescuing cells from proteotoxicity. Our results illuminate the integration of HtrA1 in the toolkit of mam- malian cells against protein misfolding and the implications of defects in HtrA1 in proteostasis.

关键词： ER stress unfolded protein response RPE HtrA1 multi-domain protein evolution proteostasis