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Characteristics of lipids and their feeding value in swine diets

j.urnal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第3期7卷 249-271页

作者： Brian j.Kerr Trey A.Kellner gerald C.Shurson USDA-ARS-National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment AmesIA 50011USA Department of Animal Science Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA Department of Animal Science University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA

In livestock diets, energy is one of the most expensive nutritional components of feed formulation. Because lipids are a concentrated energy source, inclusion of lipids are known to affect growth rate and feed efficiency, but are also known to affect diet palatability, feed dustiness, and pellet quality. In reviewing the literature, the maj.rity of research studies conducted on the subj.ct of lipids have focused mainly on the effects of feeding presumably high quality lipids on growth performance, digestion, and metabolism in young animals. There is, however, the wide array of composition and quality differences among lipid sources available to the animal industry making it essential to understand differences in lipid composition and quality factors affecting their digestion and metabolism more fully. In addition there is often confusion in lipid nomenclature, measuring lipid content and composition, and evaluating quality factors necessary to understand the true feeding value to animals. Lastly, advances in understanding lipid digestion, post-absorption metabolism, and physiological processes（e.g., cell division and differentiation, immune function and inflammation）; and in metabolic oxidative stress in the animal and lipid peroxidation, necessitates a more compressive assessment of factors affecting the value of lipid supplementation to livestock diets. The following review provides insight into lipid classification, digestion and absorption, lipid peroxidation indices, lipid quality and nutritional value, and antioxidants in growing pigs.

关键词： Digestion Energy Lipids Peroxidation Pigs

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Can intracellular Staphylococcus aureus in osteomyelitis be treated using current antibiotics?A systematic review and narrative synthesis

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Bone Research 2022年第4期10卷 661-678页

作者： Anj. R.Zelmer Renj. Nelson Katharina Richter gerald j.Atkins Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5000Australia Department of Infectious Diseases Central Adelaide Local Health NetworkAdelaideSA 5000Australia Royal Adelaide Hospital AdelaideSA 5000Australia Richter Lab Department of SurgeryBasil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health ResearchUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5011Australia

Approximately 40%of treatments of chronic and recurrent osteomyelitis fail in part due to bacterial *** aureus,the predominant pathogen in human osteomyelitis,is known to persist by phenotypic adaptation as small-colony variants(SCVs)and by formation of intracellular reservoirs,including those in maj.r bone cell types,reducing susceptibility to *** infections with *** are difficult to treat;however,there are no evidence-based clinical guidelines addressing these infections in *** conducted a systematic review of the literature to determine the demonstrated efficacy of all antibiotics against intracellular *** relevant to osteomyelitis,including protein biosynthesis inhibitors(lincosamides,streptogramins,macrolides,oxazolidines,tetracyclines,fusidic acid,and aminoglycosides),enzyme inhibitors(fluoroquinolones and ansamycines),and cell wall inhibitors(beta-lactam inhibitors,glycopeptides,fosfomycin,and lipopeptides).The PubMed and Embase databases were screened for articles related to intracellular *** infections that compared the effectiveness of multiple antibiotics or a single antibiotic together with another treatment,which resulted in 34 full-text articles fitting the inclusion *** combined findings of these studies were largely inconclusive,most likely due to the plethora of methodologies ***,the reported findings in the context of the models employed and possible solutions for improved understanding are explored *** rifampicin,oritavancin,linezolid,moxifloxacin and oxacillin were identified as the most effective potential intracellular treatments,the scientific evidence for these is still relatively *** advocate for more standardized research on determining the intracellular effectiveness of antibiotics in *** osteomyelitis to improve treatments and patient outcomes.

关键词： treatment finding synthesis

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中国人头发纤维在UVA紫外光老化中的光谱学研究

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光谱学与光谱分析 2016年第6期36卷 1783-1788页

作者：唐颖 gerald j.Smith 北京工商大学北京市植物资源研究开发重点实验室北京100048 School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Victoria University of Wellington

生活中,日光中的紫外辐射是导致头发光老化/光损伤的重要环境因素。长时间光照可使染发和天然发出现包括颜色褪变在内的退行性变化。以中老年人的自然灰发为样本来源,通过分离和人工漂染处理,获得了包括自然发色、漂白和染黑的六种头发... 详细信息

生活中,日光中的紫外辐射是导致头发光老化/光损伤的重要环境因素。长时间光照可使染发和天然发出现包括颜色褪变在内的退行性变化。以中老年人的自然灰发为样本来源,通过分离和人工漂染处理,获得了包括自然发色、漂白和染黑的六种头发类型,经过UVA（320～400nm）紫外光老化,采用漫反射光谱、三维荧光光谱和衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱对头发纤维的老化特征进行无损分析,结合头发中光产生过氧化氢的定量分析,探讨了不同发色和漂染处理对头发耐光性的影响。结果表明,UVA辐照可通过Ⅱ型电子转移机制诱导头发中的光敏基团产生过氧化氢,导致纤维表面蛋白和色素分子的光氧化降解。自然发色与漂染发在光老化中的颜色变化不同：灰发和白发主要发生光黄化,人工染发和漂白发分别发生光褪色和光漂白。高湿度环境能加速头发的光降解。化学漂染处理会使头发中的光致过氧化氢水平升高,使纤维处于较高的氧化压力从而影响头发的光稳定性;而头发中的黑色素分子,包括天然黑色素和染发剂的人工黑色素,可能具有自由基产生与清除双重性。研究结果为建立中国人头发光损伤的光谱学评价方法和进一步研发针对国人发质的染护发产品提供了重要的实验基准数据。

关键词：头发纤维 UVA辐射漫反射光谱三维荧光光谱 ATR-FTIR 过氧化氢

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Modeling of aggregation kernels for fluidized beds using discrete particle model simulations

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Particuology 2014年第2期12卷 134-144页

作者： Nageswara Rao Narni Mirko Peglow gerald Warnecke j.tendra Kumar Stefan Heinriche j.A.M.Kuipers Department of Mathematics Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge TechnologiesGachibowliHyderabad 500032India Institute for Process Engineering Otto-von-Guericke-University MagdeburgUniversitatsplatz 2D-39106 MagdeburgGermany Institute for Analysis and Numerics Otto-von-Guericke-University MagdeburgUniversitatsplatz 2D-39106 MagdeburgGermany Department of Mathematics ⅡT KharagpurIndia Institute of Solids Process Engineering and Particle TechnologyHamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany Eindhoven University of Technology-SMR P.O.Box 5135600 MB EindhovenThe Netherlands

Aggregation is one of the many important processes in chemical and process engineering. Several researchers have attempted to understand this complex process in fluidized beds using the macro-model of population balance equations （PBEs）. The aggregation kernel is an effective parameter in PBEs, and is defined as the product of the aggregation efficiency and collision frequency functions. Attempts to derive this kernel have taken different approaches, including theoretical, experimental, and empirical techniques. The present paper calculates the aggregation kernel using micro-model computer simulations, i.e., a discrete particle model. We simulate the micro-model without aggregation for various initial conditions, and observe that the collision frequency function is in good agreement with the shear kernel. We then simulate the micro-model with aggregation and calculate the aggregation efficiency rate.

关键词： Aggregation kernelsMulti-phase flowCollision frequency functionAggregation efficiency rateBed parameter

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Quantitative Analysis of Marine Biological Communities: Field Biology and Environment

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2007年

作者： gerald j. Bakus

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Troubled by unequal pay rather than low pay:The incentive effects of a top management team pay gap

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China j.urnal of Accounting Research 2016年第2期9卷 115-135页

作者： Yue Xu Yunguo Liu gerald j.Lobo School of Business Sun Yat-sen University C.T. Bauer College of Business University of Houston

We examine the relationships with firm performance of the internal pay gap among individual members of the top management team(TMT) and the compensation level of TMT members relative to their industry peers. We find that pay gap is positively related to firm performance and that this positive relation is stronger when the TMT pay level is higher than the industry median. However, we do not observe such effects in Chinese state-owned enterprises(SOEs),in which both the executive managerial market and compensation are government-regulated. We also document that cutting central SOE managers' pay level can increase firm value, whereas doing so for local SOE managers has the opposite effect. Our findings have important implications for research on TMT compensation as well as for policy makers considering SOE compensation reform.

关键词： TMT pay level Pay gap Property rights SOE salary reform

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A comparison of gene expression in mouse liver and kidney in obstructive cholestasis utilizing high-density oligonucleotide microarray technology

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2006年第16期12卷 2536-2548页

作者： gerald U Denk Shi-Ying Cai Wen-Sheng Chen Aiping Lin Carol j.Soroka j.mes L Boyer Liver Center Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut United States W. M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory Yale University School of Medicine New Haven ConnecticutUnited States Department of Medicine II-GroBhadem LudwigMaximilians University Miinchen Germany Department of Gastroenterology Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038China

AIM： To assess the effects of obstructive cholestasis on a wider range of gene expression using microarray technology. METHODS： Male C57BI_/6j.mice underwent common bile duct ligation （BDL） and were matched with pairfed sham-operated controls. After 7 d, the animals were sacrificed and total RNA was isolated from livers and kidneys. Equal amounts of RNA from each tissue were pooled for each group and hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChip^MG-U74Av2 containing a total of 12488 probe sets. Data analysis was performed using GeneSpring 6.0 software. Northern analysis and immunofluorescence were used for validation. RESULTS： In sham-operated and BDL mice, 44 and 50% of 12488 genes were expressed in livers, whereas 49 and 51% were expressed in kidneys, respectively. Seven days after BDL, 265 liver and 112 kidney genes with GeneOntology annotation were up-regulated and 113 liver and 36 kidney genes were down-regulated in comparison with sham-operated controls. Many genes were commonly regulated in both tissues and metabolism-related genes represented the largest functional group. CONCLUSION： Following BDL, microarray analysis reveals a broad range of gene alterations in both liver and kidney.

关键词： Bile duct ligation Cholestasis Kidney Liver Microarray

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Novel method for discerning the action of selection during evolution

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j.urnal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2010年第2期3卷 109-113页

作者： Ming Yang Ada Solidar gerald j. Wyckoff 不详

A common problem in molecular comparative geno- mics is the identification of genes that are under positive, adaptive selection [1]. Such genes are likely to be crucial for speciation, species differentiation, and func- tional specialization. However, discerning the difference between positive selection and relaxation of func- tional constraint can be difficult using current methods. Both processes generally increase the rate of ami- no acid change relative to synonymous changes within coding regions, and unless the amino acid rate is over- whelmingly high across an entire gene, the signature of positive selection can be obscured [2]. Some methodologies do not explicitly determine the difference be- tween a relaxation of functional constraint and positive selection, leaving researchers to determine via other means whether the traj.ctory of a gene has been specialization or creation of a new function, or removal from the genome via a process of degeneration.

关键词： Utilizing Information Theory Action of Selection during Evolution

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Aspirin inhibits cell viability and mTOR downstream signaling in gastroenteropancreatic and bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumor cells

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2014年第29期20卷 10038-10049页

作者： Matilde Spampatti George Vlotides gerald Spttl j.lian Maurer Burkhard Gke Christoph j.Auernhammer Department of Internal Medicine Ⅱ University-Hospital Campus GrosshadernInterdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumours of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System (GEPNET-KUM)Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich U.O.C.Gastroenterologia 2 Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Università degli Studi di Milano

AIM: To investigate the effect of aspirin on neuroendocrine tumor (NET) cell growth and signaling in vitro.

关键词： Neuroendocrine tumors Aspirin Cell Viability Mammalian target of rapamycin protein

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Voxel-based analyses of magnetization transfer imaging of the brain in hepatic encephalopathy

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2009年第41期15卷 5157-5164页

作者： Falk R Miese Hans-j.rg Wittsack gerald Kircheis Arne Holstein Christian Mathys Ulrich Mdder Mathias Cohnen Institute of Radiology University Hospital Düsseldorf MNR Clinic Moorenstrasse 5 Düsseldorf 40225 Germany Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Infectious Diseases University Hospital Düsseldorf Moorenstrasse 5 Düsseldorf 40225 Germany

AIM: To evaluate the spatial distribution of cerebral abnormalities in cirrhotic subj.cts with and without hepatic encephalopathy (HE) found with magnetization transfer imaging (MTI).METHODS: Nineteen cirrhotic patients graded from neurologically normal to HE grade 2 and 18 healthy control subj.cts underwent magnetic resonance imaging. They gave institutional-review-board-approved written consent. Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) maps were generated from MTI. We tested for significant differences compared to the control group using statistical non-parametric mapping (SnPM) for a voxelbased ***: The MTR of grey and white matter was lower in subj.cts with more severe HE. Changes were found in patients with cirrhosis without neurological defi cits in the basal ganglia and bilateral white matter. The loss in magnetization transfer increased in severity and spatial extent in patients with overt HE. Patients with HE grade 2 showed an MTR decrease in white and grey matter: the maximum loss of magnetization transfer effect was located in the basal ganglia [SnPM (pseudo-)t = 17.98, P = 0.0001].CONCLUSION: The distribution of MTR changes in HE points to an early involvement of basal ganglia and white matter in HE.

关键词： Brain Hepatic encephalopathy Magnetic resonance imaging Uver cirrhosis Magnetization transfer imaging

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