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Engineering 2024年第7期38卷 69-76页

作者： Xi Lu Guoqing Li Jing Pang Xinyi Yang Colette Cywes-bentley Xuefu You gerald b.pier beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100050China Division of Infectious Diseases Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA

The b-1-6-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine(PNAG)polymer is a conserved surface polysaccharide produced by many bacteria,fungi,and protozoan(and even filarial)*** wide-ranging expression makes PNAG an attractive target for vaccine development,as it potentially encompasses a broad range of *** progress has been made in discovering important properties of the biology of PNAG expression in recent *** molecular characterization and regulation of operons for the production of PNAG biosynthetic proteins and enzymes have been studied in many *** addition,the physiological function of PNAG has been further ***-based vaccines and PNAG-targeting antibodies have shown great efficacy in preclinical ***,clinical tests for both vaccines and antibodies have been carried out in humans and economically important animals,and the results are *** it is not destined to be a smooth road,we are optimistic about new vaccines and immunotherapeutics targeting PNAG becoming validated and eventually licensed for clinical use against multiple infectious agents.

关键词： Poly-N-acetylglucosamine Conjugate vaccine Monoclonal antibody

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Role of glioma stem cells in promoting tumor chemo- and radioresistance: A systematic review of potential targeted treatments

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第5期16卷 604-614页

作者： Edoardo Agosti Marco Zeppieri Mattia Ghidoni Tamara Ius Alessandro Tel Marco Maria Fontanella pier Paolo Panciani Division of Neurosurgery Department of Medical and Surgical SpecialtiesRadiological Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of BresciaBrescia 25123Italy Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Neurosurgery Unit Department of Head-Neck and NeuroScienceUniversity Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Head-Neck and NeuroScienceUniversity Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy

bACKGROUND Gliomas pose a significant challenge to effective treatment despite advancements in chemotherapy and *** stem cells(GSCs),a subset within tumors,contribute to resistance,tumor heterogeneity,and *** studies reveal GSCs’role in therapeutic resistance,driven by DNA repair mechanisms and dynamic transitions between cellular *** mechanisms can involve different cellular pathways,most of which have been recently reported in the *** progress,targeted therapeutic approaches lack consensus due to GSCs’high *** To analyze targeted therapies against GSC-mediated resistance to radio-and chemotherapy in gliomas,focusing on underlying *** A systematic search was conducted across major medical databases(PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane Library)up to September 30,*** search strategy utilized relevant Medical Subject Heading terms and keywords related to including“glioma stem cells”,“radiotherapy”,“chemotherapy”,“resistance”,and“targeted therapies”.Studies included in this review were publications focusing on targeted therapies against the molecular mechanism of GSC-mediated re-sistance to radiotherapy resistance(RTR).RESULTS In a comprehensive review of 66 studies on stem cell therapies for SCI,452 papers were initially identified,with 203 chosen for full-text *** them,201 were deemed eligible after excluding 168 for various *** temporal breakdown of studies illustrates this trend:2005-2010(33.3%),2011-2015(36.4%),and 2016-2022(30.3%).Key GSC models,particularly U87(33.3%),U251(15.2%),and T98G(15.2%),emerge as significant in research,reflecting their representativeness of glioma *** analysis indicates a focus on phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase b/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)(27.3%)and Notch(12.1%)pathways,suggesting their crucial roles in resistance *** molecules with mTOR(18.2%),CHK1/2(15.2%),and ATP binding cassette

关键词： Glioma stem cells Chemoresistance Radioresistance Molecular pathways Targeted therapies Systematic review

Current status and future perspectives on stem cell transplantation for spinal cord injury

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第1期14卷 189-209页

作者： Edoardo Agosti Marco Zeppieri Andrea Pagnoni Marco Maria Fontanella Alessandro Fiorindi Tamara Ius pier Paolo Panciani Division of Neurosurgery Department of Medical and Surgical SpecialtiesRadiological Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of BresciaBrescia 25123Italy Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciencesand Public HealthUniversity of BresciaBrescia 25123BSItaly Neurosurgery Unit Head-Neck and NeuroScience DepartmentUniversity Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy

bACKGROUND Previous assessments of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injuries(SCI)have encountered challenges and *** research primarily emphasizes safety in early-phase clinical trials,while systematic reviews prioritize effectiveness,often overlooking safety and translational *** situation prompts inquiries regarding the readiness for clinical *** To offer an up-to-date systematic literature review of clinical trial results concerning stem cell therapy for *** A systematic search was conducted across major medical databases[PubMed,Embase,Reference Citation Analysis(RCA),and Cochrane Library]up to October 14,*** search strategy utilized relevant Medical Subject Heading(MeSH)terms and keywords related to"spinal cord","injury","clinical trials","stem cells","functional outcomes",and"adverse events".Studies included in this review consisted of randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials reporting on the use of stem cell therapies for the treatment of *** In a comprehensive review of 66 studies on stem cell therapies for SCI,496 papers were initially identified,with 237 chosen for full-text *** them,236 were deemed eligible after excluding 170 for various *** studies encompassed 1086 patients with varying SCI levels,with cervical injuries being the most common(42.2%).bone marrow stem cells were the predominant stem cell type used(71.1%),with various administration ***-up durations averaged around 84.4 *** 32.7%of patients showed functional improvement from American spinal injury association Impairment Scale(AIS)A to b,40.8%from AIS A to C,5.3%from AIS A to D,and 2.1%from AIS b to *** improvements were observed in 30.9%of patients.A relatively small number of adverse events were recorded,including fever(15.1%),headaches(4.3%),muscle tension(3.1%),and dizziness(2.6%),highlighting the potential for SCI recovery with stem cell *** In

关键词： Spinal cord injury Stem cell therapy Adverse events Functional outcomes Systematic review

Impact on Soil Organic C and Total Soil N from Cool- and Warm-Season Legumes Used in a Green Manure-Forage Cropping System

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 333-357页

作者： Clark b. Neely Francis M. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L.S. Morgan Frank M. Hons William L. Rooney gerald R. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&M AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Chief Scientific Officer Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Annual forage legumes are important components of livestock production systems in East Texas and the southeastern US. Forage legumes contribute nitrogen (N) to cropping systems through biological N fixation, and their seasonal biomass production can be managed to complement forage grasses. Our research objectives were to evaluate both warm- and cool-season annual forage legumes as green manure for biomass, N content, ability to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil N, and impact on post season forage grass crops. Nine warm-season forage legumes (WSL) were spring planted and incorporated as green manure in the fall. Forage rye (Secale cereale L.) was planted following the incorporation of WSL treatments. Eight cool-season forage legumes (CSL) were fall planted in previously fallow plots and incorporated as green manure in late spring. Sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum bicolor var. sudanense) was planted over all treatments in early summer after forage rye harvest and incorporation of CSL treatments. Sorghum-sudangrass was harvested in June, August and September, and treatments were evaluated for dry matter and N concentration. Soil cores were taken from each plot, split into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm, and soil C and N were measured using combustion analysis. Nylon mesh bags containing plant samples were buried at 15 cm and used to evaluate decomposition rate of above ground legume biomass, including change in C and N concentrations. Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. [Wilczek]) had the highest shoot biomass yield (6.24 t DM ha-1) and contributed the most total N (167 kg∙ha-1) and total C (3043 kg∙ha-1) of the WSL tested. Decomposition rate of WSL biomass was rapid in the first 10 weeks and very slow afterward. Winter pea (Pisum sativum L. spp. sativum), arrow leaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) were the most productive CSL in this trial. Austrian winter pea

关键词： Annual Legumes Soil N Soil Organic C Green Manure Deer browse Forage Cropping Systems

Legume Green Manure and Intercropping for High biomass Sorghum Production

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 605-621页

作者： Clark b. Neely Francis M. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L. S. Morgan Frank M. Hons William L. Rooney gerald R. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&M AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

before the advent of cheap, synthetic fertilizers, legumes were commonly used as green manure crops for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N). A three-year study at Overton, TX examined legume integration into high-biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) production systems on a Lilbert loamy fine sand recently cultivated after a fertilized bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pasture. In this split-split plot design, ‘Dixie’ crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and ‘Iron and Clay’ cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) were integrated into a high-biomass sorghum production system to evaluate impacts on N concentration, C concentration, and yield of high-biomass sorghum and their impacts on soil total N and soil organic carbon (SOC). Main plots were split into crimson clover green manure (CLGM) and winter fallow (FALL) followed by three sub-plots split into warm-season crop rotations: cowpea green manure (CPGM), cowpea-sorghum intercrop (CPSR), and sorghum monocrop (SORG). Three N fertilizer treatments (0, 45, 90 kg N∙ha−1) were randomized and applied as sub-sub plots. The CLGM increased (P sorghum biomass yield (16.5 t DM∙ha−1) 28% in year three but had no effect in the first two years. The CPSR treatment reduced sorghum yield up to 62% compared to SORG;whereas CPGM increased sorghum yield 56% and 18% the two years following cowpea incorporation. Rate of N fertilizer had no effect on sorghum biomass yield. Decrease in SOC and soil N over time indicated mineralization of organic N and may explain why no N fertilizer response was observed in sorghum biomass yield. Cowpea showed strong potential as a green manure crop but proved to be too competitive for successful intercropping in high-biomass sorghum production systems.

关键词： High-biomass Sorghum Legumes Green Manure Intercrop Cowpea Crimson Clover Soil Organic Carbon Soil Nitrogen

Provenance, depositional process, and tectonic setting of gold placer from the bétaré-Oya Gold District(East-Cameroon, Central Africa)along the Precambrian Sanaga fault

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第4期38卷 576-596页

作者： Milan Stafford Tchouatcha Arnaud Patrice Kouske Primus Azinwi Tamfuh Epimarc Gildas Tchameni Ngouabe gerald Chuye Yango Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science University of Dschang University Institute of Technology University of Douala Department of Mining and Mineral Engineering National Higher Polytechnic Institute University of Bamenda Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Department of Mining and Geology School of Geology and Mining Engineering University of Ngaoundere

The bétaré-Oya Gold District is one of the three gold districts in East Cameroon with varied types of mining. The study site is an open-cast mine located in an alluvial plain. The strata succession globally consists of two positive sequences represented by three facies associations and seven lithofacies: massive clast-supported(Gcm), massive trough-cross bedded(Gtm), and massive matrix-supported(Gmm)conglomerates; massive sands(Sm); and massive(Fm), heterolothic(Fhl), and convolute and heterolithic(Fhlc) clays. The facies analysis indicates deposition after a recent tectonic event creating a depression,followed by a rapid deposition of varied facies and energies of sedimentation with fluvial and gravity inputs. The deposits come from proximal to distal sources but more proximal. The identified heavy mineral or accompanying minerals reveal a plutonic source(tourmaline sometimes folded), a volcanic source(olivine or clino-pyroxene with cracks), and a metamorphic source(sillimanite, andalusite, and staurolite). In the pan concentrates of placer with high silver(Ag) concentration(100 ppm) are also associated with relative abundance of lead(Pb)(17.8 ppm), zinc(Zn)(27 ppm), and low levels of copper(Cu)(3.1 ppm). The concentration and distribution of some element ratios, such as thorium/scandium(Th/Sc), chromium/thorium(Cr/Th), and europium anomaly(Eu/Eu*), rare earth elements(REEs) and aluminum oxide/titanium dioxide(Al2O3/TiO2) vs. silicon dioxide(SiO2) plots for the studied sediment indicate heterogeneous sources of rocks with dominance of felsic sources. The discriminant diagram reveals a recycled or sedimentary provenance of the deposited sediments. The tectonic setting plot indicates a collision tectonic setting which is consistent with the Precambrian history of the study area which belongs to the Pan-African North-Equatorial fold belt. The gold deposits in the b etar e-Oya area probably derive from several sources, such as a vein source(from magmatic and metamorphi

关键词： Provenance Gold placer Sedimentology Geochemistry b etar e-Oya Cameroon

Testing the robustness of particle-based separation models for the magnetic separation of a complex skarn ore

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2022年第3期32卷 645-655页

作者： Lucas Pereira Max Frenzel Markus buchmann Marius Kern Raimon Tolosana-Delgado K.gerald van den boogaart Jens Gutzmer Hemholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology09599 FreibergGermany German Aerospace Center Institute of Low-Carbon Industrial Processes03046 CottbusGermany TU bergakademie Freiberg Institute for Stochastics09599 FreibergGermany

Physical separation processes are best understood in terms of the behaviour of individual ore ***,while different empirical particle-based separation modelling approaches have been developed,their predictive performance has never been tested under variable process ***,we investigated the predictive performance of a state-of-the-art particle-based separation model under variable feed composition for a laboratory-scale magnetic separation of a skarn *** scenarios were investigated:one in which the mass flow of the different processing streams could be measured and one in which it had to be estimated from *** both scenarios,the predictive models were sufficiently general to predict the process outcomes of new samples of variable ***,the scenario in which mass flow could be measured was4%more precise in predicting mass *** process behaviour of minerals present at concentrations above 0.1%by weight could be accurately *** findings indicate the potential use of this method to minimize the costs of metallurgical testwork while providing in-depth understanding of the recovery behaviour of individual ore ***,the method may be used to establish powerful tools to forecast mineral recoveries for partly new ore types at a running mining operation.

关键词： Metallurgical tests Particle-based separation modelling Magnetic separation Cassiterite recovery

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Synthesis of Acrylonitriles via Mild base Promoted Tandem Nucleophilic Substitution-Isomerization ofα-Cyanohydrin Methanesulfonates

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2021年第4期39卷 913-917页

作者： Shiwen Liu Lingling Meng Xiaojun Zeng gerald b.Hammond bo Xu College of Textiles and Clothing&Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province Yancheng Institute of TechnologyYanchengJiangsu 224003China Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghuo UniversityShanghai 201620China Department of Chemistry University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentucky 40292United States

Main observation and conclusion We have developed an efficient synthesis of acrylonitriles via mild base promoted tandem nucleophilic substitution-isomerization ofα-cyanohydrin methanesulfonates with alkenylboronic *** transition metal-free protocol works under simple and mild conditions and offers good chemical yields for a wide range of substrates and demonstrates good functional group tolerance.

关键词： Acrylonitriles Nucleophilic substitution Isomerization α-Cyanohydrin methanesulfonates Alkenyl boronic acids

CRISPR/Cas9-based gene activation and base editing in Populus

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Horticulture Research 2023年第6期10卷 205-213页

作者： Tao Yao Guoliang Yuan Haiwei Lu Yang Liu Jin Zhang gerald A.Tuskan Wellington Muchero Jin-Gui Chen Xiaohan Yang biosciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA The Center for bioenergy Innovation Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Chemical and biological Process Development Group Pacific Northwest National Laboratory902 Battelle BoulevardRichlandWA 99352USA Department of Academic Education Central Community College-HastingsHastingsNE 68901USA State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture College of Forestry and BiotechnologyZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China

The genus Populus has long been used for environmental,agroforestry and industrial applications *** Populus is also recognized as a desirable crop for biofuel production and a model tree for physiological and ecological *** such,various modern biotechnologies,including CRISPR/Cas9-based techniques,have been actively applied to Populus for genetic and genomic improvements for traits such as increased growth rate and tailored lignin ***,CRISPR/Cas9 has been primarily used as the active Cas9 form to create knockouts in the hybrid poplar clone“717-1b4”(*** x *** clone INRA 717-1b4).Alternative CRISPR/Cas9-based technologies,*** involving modified Cas9 for gene activation and base editing,have not been evaluated in most Populus species for their *** we employed a deactivated Cas9(dCas9)-based CRISPR activation(CRISPRa)technique to fine-tune the expression of two target genes,TPX2 and LecRLK-G which play important roles in plant growth and defense response,in hybrid poplar clone“717-1b4”and poplar clone“WV94”(***“WV94”),*** observed that CRISPRa resulted in 1.2-fold to 7.0-fold increase in target gene expression through transient expression in protoplasts and Agrobacterium-mediated stable transformation,demonstrating the effectiveness of dCas9-based CRISPRa system in *** addition,we applied Cas9 nickase(nCas9)-based cytosine base editor(CbE)to precisely introduce premature stop codons via C-to-T conversion,with an efficiency of 13%–14%,in the target gene PLATZ which encodes a transcription factor involved in plant fungal pathogen response in hybrid poplar clone“717-1b4”.Overall,we showcase the successful application of CRISPR/Cas-based technologies in gene expression regulation and precise gene engineering in two Populus species,facilitating the adoption of emerging genome editing tools in woody species.

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 activation base

Machine-learning-based head impact subtyping based on the spectral densities of the measurable head kinematics

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第5期12卷 619-629,F0003页

作者： Xianghao Zhan Yiheng Li Yuzhe Liu Nicholas J.Cecchi Samuel J.Raymond Zhou Zhou Hossein Vahid Alizadeh Jesse Ruan Saeed barbat Stephen Tiernan Olivier Gevaert Michael M.Zeineh gerald A.Grant David b.Camarillo Department of bioengineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Department of biomedical Data Science Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Ford Motor Company 3001 Miller RdDearbornMI 48120USA Technological University Dublin DublinD07 EWV4Ireland Department of Radiology Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Department of Neurosurgery Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

background:Traumatic brain injury can be caused by head impacts,but many brain injury risk estimation models are not equally accurate across the variety of impacts that patients may undergo,and the characteristics of different types of impacts are not well *** investigated the spectral characteristics of different head impact types with kinematics ***:Data were analyzed from 3262 head impacts from lab reconstruction,American football,mixed martial arts,and publicly available car crash data.A random forest classifier with spectral densities of linear acceleration and angular velocity was built to classify head impact types(e.g.,football,car crash,mixed martial arts).To test the classifier robustness,another 271 lab-reconstructed impacts were obtained from 5 other instrumented ***,with the classifier,type-specific,nearest-neighbor regression models were built for brain ***:The classifier reached a median accuracy of 96% over 1000 random partitions of training and test *** most important features in the classification included both low-and high-frequency features,both linear acceleration features and angular velocity *** head impact types had different distributions of spectral densities in low-and high-frequency ranges(e.g.,the spectral densities of mixed martial arts impacts were higher in the high-frequency range than in the low-frequency range).The type-specific regression showed a generally higher R2value than baseline models without ***:The machine-learning-based classifier enables a better understanding of the impact kinematics spectral density in different sports,and it can be applied to evaluate the quality of impact-simulation systems and on-field data augmentation.

关键词： Classification Contact sports Head impacts Impact kinematics Traumatic brain injuryTagedAPTARAEnd

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