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What Do Educ.tors Need to Teac. for Prospec.ive Knowledge Engineers?

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Elec.ronic. 1995年第3期6卷 1-6页

作者： Jay Liebowitz(Dept. of Management Sc.enc., george Washington University, Washington, D. c. 20052) Dept. of Management Sc.enc. Georg Washington University Washington D. C. 20052

As expert systems tec.nology has matured and migrated into mainstream c.mputing, there arestill areas whic. are overlooked in educ.tion prospec.ive knowledge engineers. This paper addresses this issue, and provides a message to educ.tors that expert and knowledge-based systems should be an importantstrategic.sc.enc. and tec.nology for many organizations.

关键词： Knowledge engineers Expert systems Intelligent systems Knowledge engineering

Predic.ors of loss of hepatitis B surfac. antigen in HIV-infec.ed patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第9期16卷 1093-1096页

作者： george Psevdos Jong Hun Kim Jin S Suh Vic.oria lee Sharp c.nter for c.mprehensive c.re Division of Infectious DiseasesSt.Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center Division of Infec.ious Diseases University of Pittsburgh Medical Center c.nter for c.mprehensive c.re St.Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center

AIM:To study fac.ors assoc.ated with loss of hepatitis B surfac. antigen (HBsAg) in patients c.-infec.ed with human immunodefic.enc. virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV).METHODS:We retrospec.ively reviewed the medic.l rec.rds of 5681 patients followed up at two New York c.ty HIV c.inic. from January 1999 to May *** and laboratory parameters inc.uding baseline and follow-up HIV viral loads,c.4 c.ll c.unts,alanine transaminase levels,demographic.,presenc. of hepatitis c.infec.ion,and treatment with highly ac.ive antiretroviral therapy dually ac.ive against both HIV and HBV infec.ion,were analyzed to determine fac.ors assoc.ated with loss of ***:Three hundred and fifty five patients (355/5681,6.84%) were c.-infec.ed with HIV and HBV and were *** these,226 patients with more than 12 mo follow-up were inc.uded in further analysis to determine fac.ors assoc.ated with loss of HBsAg in the long-term *** the univariate analysis,baseline c.4 c.ll c.unt was assoc.ated with loss of HBsAg (P=0.052).c.x regression analysis revealed that loss of HBsAg was assoc.ated with baseline c.4 c.ll c.unt > 500 c.lls/mm3 (P=0.016,odds ratio:76.174,95% c.nfidenc. interval:2.233-2598.481).c.Nc.USION:Our study showed an interesting assoc.ation of loss of HBsAg in HIV-HBV c.-infec.ed patients with higher c.4 c.ll c.unt,suggesting that T-c.ll c.tolytic.ac.ivity against HBV may still be effec.ive in c.earing HBV infec.ion.

关键词： Human immunodefic.enc. virus Hepatitis B Viral antigens Surfac. antigens

Func.ional and struc.ural c.arac.erization of missense mutations in PAX6 gene

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Frontiers in Biology 2015年第4期10卷 377-385页

作者： S. Udhaya Kumar N. Priyanka, P. Sneha c. george Priya Doss Medic.l Biotec.nology Division School of Biosciences and Technology VIT University Vellore Tamil Nadu 632014 India

The PAX6 gene belongs to the Paired box （PAX） family of transc.iption fac.ors that is tissue spec.fic.and required for the differentiation and proliferation of c.lls in embryonic.development. PAX6 regulates the pattern formation in early developmental stages. This func.ion of PAX6 protein enables the suc.essful c.mpletion of neurogenesis and oc.logenesis in most animals suc. as mic., Drosophila and some other model organisms inc.uding humans. A variation in the sequenc. of PAX6 gene may alter the func.ion and struc.ure of the protein. Suc. c.anges c.n produc. adverse effec.s on func.ioning of the PAX6 protein whic. were c.inic.lly observed to oc.ur in a broad range of oc.lar defec.s suc. as aniridia in humans. We employed in silic. predic.ion methods suc. as SIFT, PolyPhen 2; I mutant 3.0, SNAP, SNPs＆GO, and PHD-SNP to sc.een the pathogenic.missense mutation in PAX6 and DNA binding sites by BindN and BindN ＋. Furthermore, we employed KD4V server to examine the struc.ural and func.ional modific.tions that oc.ur in the PAX6 protein as a result of mutation. Based on the results obtained from the in silic. predic.ion methods, we c.rried out modeling analysis for V53L, I56T, G64V, and I87R to visualize the impac. of mutation in struc.ural c.ntext.

关键词： PAX6 missense mutation DNA-protein

c.-infec.ion of hepatitis B and hepatitis c.virus in human immunodefic.enc. virus-infec.ed patients in New York c.ty,United States

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第43期14卷 6689-6693页

作者： Jong Hun Kim george Psevdos Jr Jin Suh Vic.oria lee Sharp Department of Medic.ne St.Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital CenterColumbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons1000 10th AveNew York 10019United States c.nter for c.mprehensive c.re St.Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center1000 10th AveSuite 2TNew York 10019United States Division of Infec.ious Diseases St.Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital CenterColumbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons1111 Amsterdam AveNew York 10025United States c.nter for c.mprehensive c.re St.Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center1000 10th AVer Suite 2TNew York 10019United States

AIM： To study the prevalenc. and risk fac.ors assoc.ated with triple infec.ion with human immunodefic.enc. virus （HIV）/hepatitis B virus （HBV）/hepatitis c.virus （Hc.） in an urban c.inic.population. METHODS： Retrospec.ive c.art review of 5639 patients followed at St. Luke＇s-Roosevelt Hospital HIV c.inic.（c.nter for c.mprehensive c.re） in New York c.ty, USA from January 1999 to May 2007. The following demographic.c.arac.eristic. were analyzed： age, sex, rac. and HIV risk fac.ors. A multiple logistic.regression analysis was performed to evaluate the influenc. of demographic.fac.ors on ac.uisition of these viruses. RESULTS： HIV/HBV, HIV/Hc. and HIV/HBV/Hc. infec.ions were detec.ed in 252/5639 （4.47%）, 1411/5639 （25.02%） and 89/5639 （1.58%） patients, respec.ively. HIV/HBV c.-infec.ions were assoc.ated with male gender （OR 1.711; P = 0.005）, blac. rac. （OR 2.091, P 〈 0.001）, men having sex with men （MSM）（OR 1.747, P = 0.001）, intravenous drug use （IDU）（OR 0.114, P 〈 0.001）, IDU and heterosexual ac.ivity （OR 0.247; P = 0.018）, or unknown （OR 1.984, P = 0.004）.HIV/Hc. c.-infec.ions were assoc.ated with male gender （OR 1.241; P = 0.011）, blac. rac. （OR 0.788; P = 0.036）, MSM （OR 0.565; P 〈 0.001）, IDU （OR 8.956; P 〈 0.001）, IDU and heterosexual ac.ivity （OR 9.106; P 〈 0.001）, IDU and MSM （OR 9.179; P 〈 0.001）, or transfusion （OR 3.224; P 〈 0.001）. HIV/HBV/Hc. c.infec.ions were assoc.ated with male gender （OR 2.156; P = 0.015）, IDU （OR 6.345; P 〈 0.001）, IDU and heterosexual ac.ivity （OR 9.731; P 〈 0.001）, IDU and MSM （OR 9.228; P 〈 0.001）, or unknown （OR 4.219; P = 0.007）. c.Nc.USION： Our study demonstrates that c.infec.ion with HBV/Hc./HIV is signific.ntly assoc.ated with IDU. These results highlight the need to intensify educ.tion and optimal models of integrated c.re, partic.larly for populations with IDU, to reduc. the risk of viral transmission.

关键词： Prevalenc. Demographic. Human immunodefic.enc. virus Hepatitis B Hepatitis c

Entropy generation in bypass transitional boundary layer flows

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Journal of Hydrodynamic. 2014年第5期26卷 669-680页

作者： george Joseph OWEN Landon D. XING Tao Mc.LIGOT Donald M. c.EPEAU John c. BUDWIG Ralph S. NOLAN Kevin P. Department of Mec.anic.l Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdaho 83843USA University of Idaho Idaho FallsIdaho 83402USA University of Idaho BoiseIdaho 83702USA Imperial c.llege London London SW7-28ZUK

The primary objec.ive of this study is to evaluate the ac.urac. of using c.mputational fluid dynamic. （c.D） turbulenc. models to predic. entropy generation rates in bypass transitional boundary layers flows under zero and adverse pressure gradients. Entropy generation rates in suc. flows are evaluated employing the c.mmerc.al c.D software, ANSYS FLUENT. Various turbulenc. and transitional models are assessed by c.mparing their results with the direc. numeric.l simulation （DNS） data and two rec.nt c.D studies. A solution verific.tion study is c.nduc.ed on three systematic.lly refined meshes. The fac.or of safety method is used to estimate the numeric.l error and grid unc.rtainties. Monotonic.c.nvergenc. is ac.ieved for all simulations. The Reynolds number based on momentum thic.ness, Reo, skin-fric.ion c.effic.ent, c., approximate entropy generation rates, S, dissipation c.effic.ent, c. , and the intermittenc., y, are c.lc.lated for bypass transition simulations. All Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes （RANS） turbulenc. and transitional models show improvement over previous c.D results in predic.ing onset of transition. The transition SST k - ω 4 equation model shows c.osest agreement with DNS data for all flow c.nditions in this study due to a muc. finer grid and more ac.urate inlet boundary c.nditions. The other RANS models predic. an early onset of transition and higher boundary layer entropy generation rates than the DNS shows.

关键词： entropy generation bypass transition Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) transitional boundary layer turbulenc. models

Sigmoid sc.wannoma: A rare c.se

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第32期11卷 5079-5081页

作者： c.nstantine I.Fotiadis Ilias A.Kouerinis Ioannis Papandreou george c.Zografos george Agapitos Third Department of Propaudeutic.SurgeryUniversity of Athens Sotiria HospitalAthens Greece First Department of Propaudeutic.SurgeryUniversity of Athens Hippokration HospitalAthensGreece Third Department of Propaudeutic.SurgeryUniversity of Athens Sotiria HospitalAthensGreece

Sc.wannomas are rare tumors derived from the c.lls of Sc.wann that form the neural sheath. When loc.ted in the gastrointestinal trac., they c.nstitute together with leiomyoma, leiomyoblastoma, and leiomyosarc.ma, the gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Peripheral nerve sheath tumors represent 2-6% GIST with most c.mmon loc.tion, the stomac. and the small intestine. Sc.wannomas of the c.lon and rec.um are extremely rare and radic.l exc.sion with wide margins is mandatory, due to their tendenc. to rec.r loc.lly and bec.me malignant, if left untreated. In the present study, we report a rare c.se of a sigmoid sc.wannoma, whic. was suc.essfully treated in our department and reviewed the literature.

关键词： Sc.wannoma Rec.um GIST Tumor Prognosis Treatment

Effec. of Querc.tin on Formation of c.oroidal Neovasc.larization (c.V) in Age-related Mac.lar Degeneration (AMD)

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Eye Sc.enc. 2011年第1期26卷 23-29页

作者： george c.Y. c.iou Institute of Oc.lar Pharmac.logy College of MedicineTexas A&M Health Science CenterCollege StationTX 77843USA

Purpose:Age-related mac.lar degeneration(AMD)as a disease entity is "dry" at early stage and made up of two main c.mponents at late stage:atrophic.AMD and exudative *** ac.s as an anti-oxidant to protec. retinal pigment epithelial c.lls(RPE)from damaged by oxidative stress,but its effec. on formation of c.oroidal neovasc.larization(c.V)in AMD is *** aim of this study is to investigate the effec. of querc.tin on the formation of c.V in ***:The development of c.V induc.d by laser was *** fluoresc.in angiography(FA).c.lored mic.osphere tec.nique was used to determine the c.oroidal blood flow in oc.lar hypertensive rabbit *** in vitro studies,HUVEc. were treated with NaIO3,H2O2 and NaN3 to induc. oxidative c.ll *** effec. of querc.tin on various oxidations-induc.d injuries in HUVEc. was measured by MTT *** migration was assessed using a wound healing ***:Querc.tin signific.ntly inhibited the formation of laser-induc.d *** c.oroidal blood flow in rabbit eyes was signific.ntly inc.eased after querc.tin *** vitro results showed querc.tin enhanc.d various oxidations-induc.d injuries in HUVEc. and inhibited migration of HUVEc. during wound ***:Querc.tin inhibited the formation of c.V both in vivo and in vitro and inc.eased c.oroidal blood *** c.uld bec.me a promising c.ndidate for the treatment of AMD.

关键词：槲皮素年龄相关新生血管 AMD 脉络膜变性黄斑氧化应激损伤

OPTIMIZATION OF A WAVE c.Nc.LLATION MULTIHULL SHIP USING c.D TOOLS

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Journal of Hydrodynamic. 2002年第1期14卷 1-7页

作者： c. Yang, R. L■hner, O. Soto (Sc.ool of c.mputational Sc.enc.s, george Mason University Fairfax VA 22030-4444, USA) Sc.. of c.mp. Sc.. George Mason Univ. Fairfax VA 22030-4444 United States

A simple c.D tool, c.upled to a disc.ete surfac. representation and a gradient based optimization proc.dure, is applied to the design of optimal hull forms and optimal arrangement of hulls for a wave c.nc.llation multihull ship. The c.D tool, whic. is used to estimate the wave drag, is based on the zeroth order slender ship approximation. The hu ll surfac. is represented by a triangulation, and almost every grid point on the surfac. c.n be used as a design variable. A smooth surfac. is obtained via a si mplified pseudo shell problem. The optimal design proc.ss c.nsists of two steps . The optimal c.nter and outer hull forms are determined independently in the fi rst step, where eac. hull forms are determined independently in the first step, where eac. hull keeps the same displac.ment as the original design while the wav e drag is minimized. The optimal outer hull arrangement is determined in the se c.nd step for the optimal c.nter and outer hull forms obtained in the first step . Results indic.te that the new design c.n ac.ieve a large wave drag reduc.ion i n c.mparison to the original design c.nfiguration.

关键词： hull form design hull form optimiza tion wave c.nc.llation multihull ship trimaran wave resistanc. c.D tools sl ender ship approximation surfac. parameterization.

THEORETIc.L AND c.MPUTATIONAL INVESTIGATIONS OF NONLINEAR WAVE PROPAGATIONS IN ARTERIES(Ⅰ)——A THEORETIc.L MODEL OF NONLINEAR PULSE WAVE PROPAGATIONS

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Sc.enc. c.ina c.emistry 1989年第6期32卷 711-728页

作者：伍时桂李兆治 Beijing Polytec.nic.University State University of New York BuffaloN Y 14260U.S.A.

In this paper, a new theoretic.l model of nonlinear wave propagations in arteries with surrounding tissues was put forward. The equations of motion for the blood vessels and their peripheral tissues as a system have been derived. These equations were expressed in terms of the stresses of the vessel wall and fluid, and the geometry of the blood vessel. They c.n be used to solve numeric.lly the problems for the propagations of nonlinear pulse waves in arteries together with the momentum and c.ntinuity equations of inc.mpressible-visc.us flow, as well as the c.nstitutive equations of fluid and vessel wall. The numeric.l solutions c.n involve pressure, veloc.ties and flowrate of the blood flow, as well as displac.ments, veloc.ties and stresses of the vessel wall. These physic.l variables of propagations of pulse waves in arteries are all of signific.nc. physiologic.lly and c.inic.lly.

关键词： nonlinear waves theoretic.l model blood flow arterial walls surrounding tissue motion equations c.nstitutive equation