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Determining the role for uric acid in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis development and the utility of urate metabolites in diagnosis:An opinion review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第15期26卷 1683-1690页

作者： Paul Brennan Kathleen Clare Jacob george John f Dillon Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine University of DundeeNinewells Hospital and Medical SchoolDundee DD19SYUnited Kingdom Department of Neurology Queen Elizabeth HospitalGlasgow G514TFUnited Kingdom

There has long been a recognised association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAfLD)and the composite aspects of the metabolic *** of this association highlighted the supposed co-existence of elevated uric acid levels in those with *** is interest in exploitation of this as a putative diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in *** the increased economic and health burden associated with the NAfLD epidemic,improved methods of population-based,minimally-invasive methods and biomarkers are clearly highly sought and *** this opinion review we review the proposed role of uric acid in the pathogenesis of NAfLD and its potential utilisation in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease process.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Uric acid Urate Non-invasive fibrosis markers fatty liver index

An octamer of enolase from Streptococcus suis

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Protein & Cell 2012年第10期3卷 769-780页

作者： Qiong Lu Hao Lu Jianxun Qi Guangwen Lu george f Gao CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Graduate University Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Research Network of Immunity and Health(RNIH) Beijing Institutes of Life ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines Tianjin Institute of Industrial BiotechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesTianjin 300308China

Enolase is a conserved cytoplasmic metalloenzyme existing universally in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic *** enzyme can also locate on the cell surface and bind to plasminogen,via which contributing to the mucosal surface localization of the bacterial pathogens and assisting the invasion into the host *** functions of the eukaryotic enzymes on the cell surface expression(including T cells,B cells,neutrophils,monocytoes,neuronal cells and epithelial cells)are not *** suis serotype 2(*** 2,SS2)is an important zoonotic pathogen which has recently caused two large-scale outbreaks in southern China with severe streptococcal toxic shock syndrome(STSS)never seen before in human *** recently identified the SS2 enolase as an important protective antigen which could protect mice from fatal *** 2 *** this study,a 2.4-angstrom structure of the SS2 enolase is solved,revealing an octameric arrangement in the *** further demonstrated that the enzyme exists exclusively as an octamer in solution via a sedimentation *** results indicate that the octamer is the biological unit of SS2 enolase at least in vitro and most likely in vivo as *** is,to our knowledge,the first comprehensive characterization of the SS2 enolase octamer both structurally and biophysically,and the second octamer enolase structure in addition to that of Streptococcus *** also investigated the plasminogen binding property of the SS2 enzyme.

关键词： enolase octamer Streptococcus suis structure plasminogen binding

Inception of the Modern Public Health System in China and Perspectives for Effective Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases:In Commemoration of the 140th Anniversary of the Birth of the Plague fighter *** Lien-Teh

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Virologica Sinica 2020年第6期35卷 868-874页

作者： Qingmeng Zhang Niaz Ahmed george f.Gao fengmin Zhang Wu Lien-Teh Institute Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081China Department of Microbiology School of Basic Medical ScienceHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150081China CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100864China Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206China

Infectious diseases pose a serious threat to human health and affect social,economic,and cultural *** infectious diseases,such as severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS,2013),Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS,2012 and 2013),Zika virus infection(2007,2013 and 2015),and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19,2019),have occurred as regional or global epidemics(Reperant and Osterhaus 2017;Gao 2018)。

关键词： respiratory diseases acute

The challenges of avian influenza virus:mechanism,epidemiology and control

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2009年第5期52卷 405-406页

作者： george f.GAO Pang-Chui SHAW CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Biochemistry and Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin

Early 2009, eight human infection cases of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, with 5 death cases, were reported in China. This again made the world alert on a possible pandemic worldwide, probably ca... 详细信息

关键词： The challenges of avian influenza virus

Origin and molecular characterization of the human-infecting H6N1 infl uenza virus in Taiwan

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Protein & Cell 2013年第11期4卷 846-853页

作者： Weifeng Shi Yi Shi Ying Wu Di Liu george f.Gao School of Medical Sciences Taishan Medical CollegeTaian 271016China CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Beijing Institutes of Life Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Network Information Center Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Offi ce of Director-General Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(China CDC)Beijing 102206China

In June 2013,the fi rst human H6N1 infl uenza virus infec-tion was confirmed in ***,the origin and molecular characterization of this virus,A/Taiwan/2/2013(H6N1),have not been well studied thus *** the present report,we performed phylogenetic and coalescent analy-ses of this virus and compared its molecular profi le/char-acteristics with other closely related *** characterization of H6N1 revealed that it is a typical avian infl uenza virus of low pathogenicity,which might not rep-licate and propagate well in the upper airway in *** analysis revealed that the virus clusters with A/chicken/Taiwan/A2837/2013(H6N1)in seven genes,except *** the PB1 gene,A/Taiwan/2/2013 was clus-tered with a different H6N1 lineage from A/chicken/Taiwan/A2837/*** a previous study demonstrated that the PB2,PA,and M genes of A/Taiwan/2/2013 might be derived from the H5N2 viruses,coalescent analyses revealed that these H5N2 viruses were derived from more recent strains than that of the ancestor of A/Taiwan/2/***,we propose that A/Taiwan/2/2013 is a reassor-tant from different H6N1 lineages circulating in chickens in ***,compared to avian isolates,a sin-gle P186L(H3 numbering)substitution in the hemaggluti-nin H6 of the human isolate might increase the mammali-an receptor binding and,hence,this strain’s pathogenicity in ***,human infection with this virus seems an accidental event and is unlikely to cause an infl uenza ***,its co-circulation and potential reas-sortment with other infl uenza subtypes are still worthy of attention.

关键词： molecular characterization phylogenetic analysis coalescent analysis H6N1 infl uenza virus Taiwan

An infectious clone of the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: Topology of glycoprotein 3 (GP3) addressing the intrachain disulfide bonds

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第26期56卷 2785-2793页

作者： fENG ChunYan LIU YueHuan YAN JingHua george f. Gao CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology (CASPMI) Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing 100097 China Beifing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

The highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (hpPRRSV) with discontinuous 30 amino acid (aa) deletion as a gene marker has caused great economic loss in pig industry and since 2007 has become the dominant strain prevalent in China and Vietnam since *** genetics method is a powerful tool urgently needed to be used on the hpPRRSV to study the intriguing molecular mechanism of transcription,replication and the virulence determinant *** our study,we successfully constructed a fulllength infectious clone,prBJSY07,based on hpPRRSV isolate,*** rescued virus,vrBJSY07,showed similar growth characters to those of the parental virus,*** also found that a rescued virus vBJSY07 generated from pBJSY07 was viable but displayed decreased and delayed reproductive capacity,which might be caused by two amino acids mutations,S83C and S117C in glycoprotein 3 (GP3),acquired during the preparation of the infectious *** topology of the wild type GP3 and the mutant were further analyzed by bioinformatics and revealed that the mutated GP3 possessed slightly altered structure,most likely by forming a new disulfide bond between the two new cysteine *** GP3 is a cysteine-rich glycoprotein,common for viral glycoproteins,our results show that GP3 can accommodate even more cysteine *** on this,a topological model of GP3 is proposed by addressing the intrachain disulfides.

关键词：猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒病毒糖蛋白感染性克隆拓扑结构高致病性二硫键半胱氨酸残基链

Epidemiological Model Suggests D614G Spike Protein Mutation Accelerates Transmission of COVID-19--Worldwide,2020

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China CDC weekly 2020年第49期2卷 946-947,I0002-I0008页

作者： Liang Wang Yuhai Bi george f.Gao CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyCenter for Influenza Research and Earlywarning(CASCIRE)CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases(CEEID)Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic was caused by a novel type of coronavirus also known as SARS-CoV-2,2019-nCoV,and HCoV-19(1)and quickly spread around the world becoming a major threat to public health(2-3).Although COVID-19 virus is characterized as possessing a large genome and having limited genetic diversity(4)like other coronaviruses due to the high fidelity of its replication mechanism,many single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)have been detected so far.

关键词： becoming COV threat

Seeing is believing:anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies in action for checkpoint blockade tumor immunotherapy

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2016年第1期1卷 27-30页

作者： Shuguang Tan Catherine W-H Zhang george f Gao CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina and 2ImmuFuCell Biotechnology Co.Ltd.BeijingChina

Structural immunology,focusing on structures of host immune related molecules,enables the immunologists to see what the molecules look like,and more importantly,how they work ***-based PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy has achieved brilliant successes in clinical *** recent breakthrough of the complex structures of checkpoint blockade antibodies with their counterparts,pembrolizumab with PD-1 and avelumab with PD-L1,have made it clear how these monoclonal antibodies compete the binding of PD-1/PD-L1 and function to blockade the receptor-ligand ***,we summarize the structural findings of these two reports and look into the future for how this information would facilitate the development of more efficient PD-1/PD-L1 targeting antibodies,small molecule drugs,and other protein or non-protein inhibitors.

关键词： antibodies monoclonal drugs

Assessing the extent of community spread caused by mink-derived SARS-CoV-2 variants

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The Innovation 2021年第3期2卷 70-78页

作者： Liang Wang Xavier Didelot Yuhai Bi george f.Gao CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyCenter for Influenza Research and Early-warning(CASCIRE)CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases(CEEID)Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Life Sciences and Department of Statistics University of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408China

SARS-CoV-2 has recently been found to have spread from humans to minks and then to have transmitted back to ***,it is unknown to what extent the human-to-human transmission caused by the variant has ***,we used publicly available SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences from both humans and minks collected in Denmark and the Netherlands,and combined phylogenetic analysis with Bayesian inference under an epidemiological model,to trace the possibility of person-to-person *** results showed that at least 12.5%of all people being infected with dominated minkderived SARS-CoV-2 variants in Denmark and the Netherlands were caused by human-to-human transmission,indicating that this“backto-human”SARS-CoV-2 variant has already caused human-to-human *** study also indicated the need for monitoring this mink-derived and other animal source“back-to-human”SARS-CoV-2 in future and that prevention and control measures should be tailored to avoid large-scale community transmission caused by the virus jumping between animals and humans.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 mink human-to-human transmission