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Combined toxicity of copper and cadmium to six rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L.)

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Journal of environmental {1. 2009年第5期21卷 647-653页

作者： HUANG Yizong, HU Ying, LIU Yunxia research center for eco-environmental sciences,{1., beijing 100085, china. research {1. for eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Accumulations of copper （Cu） and cadmium （Cd） in six rice cultivars （94D-22, 94D-54, 94D-64, Gui630, YY-1. and KY1.60） were evaluated through exposure to heavy metal contamination （1.0 mg/kg Cu, 1.0 mg/kg Cd, and 1.0 mg/kg Cu ＋ 1.0 mg/kg Cd） in a greenhouse. The dry weights of shoot and root, concentrations of Cu and Cd in plant tissues and the Cu, Cd, P, Fe concentrations in the root surface iron plaques were analyzed eight weeks later after treatment. The results indicated that the plant biomass was mainly determined by rice genotypes, not Cu and Cd content in soil. Separated treatment with Cu/Cd increased each metal level in shoot, root and iron plaques. Soil Cu enhanced Cd accumulation in tissues. In contrast, Cu concentrations in shoot and root was unaffected by soil Cd. Compared to single metal contamination, combined treatment increased Cd content by 1.0.6%, 77.0%, and 45.2% in shoot, and by 1.2.7%, 51.2% and 1..4% in root for Gui630, YY-1. and KY1.60, respectively. The content level of Cu or Cd in root surface iron plaques was not affected by their soil content. Cu promoted Fe accumulation in iron plaques, while Cd has no effect on P and Fe accumulation in it. The translocation of Cu and Cd from iron plaques to root and shoot was also discussed. These results might be beneficial in selecting cultivars with low heavy metal accumulation and designing strategies for soil bioremediation.

关键词： Cu Cd combined contamination soil uptake accumulation root surface iron plaques

Agro-ecological engineering in{1.: a way towards sustainable agriculture

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Journal of environmental {1. 2000年第4期12卷 422-429页

作者： LIU Guo\|hua, FU Bo\|jie (research {1. for eco environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china) research {1. for eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Sustainable development, as a “hot topic”, concerns not only economic development but also {1. protection. Agriculture, the base of other economic activities, has faced many difficulties that include over growth population, land decrease, and land degradation and so on. Therefore, how to increase the food supply, to meet the over\|growth population demands, is the main task all over the world at present, especially in the developing countries, such as{1., but we also must protect agricultural environment for medium\| and long\|term development simultaneously. Hence, sustainable development in agriculture is the most important estate that we must concern. Its sustainable development determines the sustainability of other economic development to a great extent. Despite chinese government has paid much attention to develop agricultural production and obtained great successions, there are also many shortcomings in chinese agriculture. Therefore,{1. must seek new approaches for its development and {1. protection that suit local conditions and are based on local resources. Agro ecological engineering, the application of ecological engineering in agriculture, is very thriving in{1. in recent decades. In this paper, the ecological, economic and social benefits of agro\|ecological engineering are analyzed. The principles are discussed. The results indicated that agro\|ecological engineering can meet the farmer′s short\|, medium\| and long\|term benefits. In the meanwhile, it also concerns not only economic benefits but ecological and social benefits. Therefore, agro\|ecological engineering is a way that leads to sustainable agriculture in the future in{1..

关键词： agro-ecological engineering sustainable agriculture sustainable development china

Hydrological eco-service of rubber plantations in Hainan Island and its effect on local economic development

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Journal of environmental {1. 2003年第5期15卷 701-709页

作者： JIANG Ju sheng , WANG Ru song (research {1. for eco environmental sciences, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china. research {1. for eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 北京 100085

The impacts of economic forest on global {1. change(geC) are one of the hot issues in {1. study. Based on the 3 year observation data and 40 year climate data, geC and analysis of the hydrological dynamic characteristics of rubber plantations and estimate of the water balance in the rubber plantations in Hainan Island were made. The results showed that the rainfall intercepted by the canopy of the plantations accounted for 1. 45% of the annual rainfall, the total runoff for 23 71., the total evaporation and transpiration for 63 24%, the soil moisture storage for 1. 6%. Analysis of the 40 year rainfall data in the 1. counties of Hainan Island during 1.51.1.90 showed that the large scale substitution of the natural vegetation with the rubber plantations had no significant effect on the local rainfall in Hainan Island. The main reasons are (1. 80% of the rainfall in Hainan is brought by typhoons; (2) the proportion of 1. 6% rubber plantations in total forest coverage in Hainan is not enough to influence the local rainfall in Hainan Island; and (3) although the rubber plantation is artificial vegetation, it has the similar function to the tropical rain forest. Analysis of the total water resource and total GDP of Hainan in 1.97 showed that the economic benefit resulted from the water resource was 1. 0 RMB Yuan/m 3 The value of hydrological of the rubber plantation in Hainan was 1.3 9 million RMB Yuan/a when compared with the tropical rain forest. The paper reaches conclusion that the hydrological eco service function of rubber plantation has been enhanced after transformed from natural vegetation, which includes the natural service and powerful social service.

关键词： eco service rubber plantation hydrological function Hainan Island

Measurement of respiration amount of white birch（Betula platyphylla）population in the mountainous region of beijing

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Journal of environmental {1. 1995年第4期7卷 391-398页

作者： Fang Jingyun, Wang Xiaoke(research {1. for eco - environmental sciences ,chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085 , china)

Ｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｉｏｎａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆｗｈｉｔｅｂｉｒｃｈ（Ｂｅｔｕｌａｐｌａｔｙｐｈｙｌｌａ）ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｏｕｓｒｅｇｉｏｎｏｆＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＦａｎｇＪｉ... 详细信息

Ｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｉｏｎａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆｗｈｉｔｅｂｉｒｃｈ（Ｂｅｔｕｌａｐｌａｔｙｐｈｙｌｌａ）ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｍｏｕｎｔａｉｎｏｕｓｒｅｇｉｏｎｏｆＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＦａｎｇＪｉｎｇｙｕｎ，ＷａｎｇＸｉａｏｋｅ（...

关键词： diameter distribution mountainous region of beijing respiration white birch population.

A novel integrated step-feed biofilm process for the treatment of decentralized domestic wastewater in rural areas of china

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Journal of environmental {1. 2010年第3期22卷 321-327页

作者： Hanwen Liang, Min Gao, Junxin Liu, Yuansong Wei, Xuesong Guo research center for eco-environmental sciences,{1., beijing 100085, china. research {1. for eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

For wastewater treatment in rural areas, a novel three-stage step-feed wastewater treatment system, combined with a drop-aeration biofilm process, was tested in the laboratory to investigate its performance in removing suspended solids （SS）, chemical oxygen demand （COD）, NH4＋-N, total nitrogen （TN）, and total phosphorus （TP）. The removal rates of SS, COD and NH4＋-N were 90%, 80%, and 90% in efluent concentrations less than 1. mg/L, 50 mg/L and 8 mg/L, respectively. The TP removal rate was less satisfactory. The C/N ratio in the raw wastewater was often less than 3.5, and the removal efficiency of TN was therefore limited. A carbon-release batch experiment was carried out to measure the feasibility of enhancing denitrification at low influent C/N ratios. The result showed that the C/N could be over 9.0 in the supernatant. Polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis technology was used to reveal the changes in the bacterial community during different stages of the integrated step-feed biofilm process. The results showed that banding patterns and the distribution of dominant bands for the same experimental period in different aerobic zones were similar. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that lanes 1., 1. and 1., which presented three aerobic zones at the same operation period, had the closest phylogenetic relationship among the lanes.

关键词： step-feed biofilm removal efficiency PCR-DGge C/N ratio

In situ DRIFTS study of hygroscopic behavior of mineral aerosol

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Journal of environmental {1. 2010年第4期22卷 555-560页

作者： Qingxin Ma,Hong He,Yongchun Liu State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and ecotoxicology,{1. center for eco-environmental sciences,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100085,{1.}. State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and {1.toxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

In situ diffusion reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy was used to study the water adsorption on mineral oxides （SiO2, a-Al2O3, MgO, Fe2O3, TiO2）. The results showed that all the water adsorption isotherms were well fitted with the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET）-Ⅲ type equation, with the calculated monolayers occurring at 24%-30% relative humidity. It showed that about 1.5 layers of water adsorbed on oxides surfaces in ambient relative humidity （20%-90%）. The measured deliquescence relative humidity of NaCl was （74 ± 1.%, which demonstrated that DRIFTS is a useful method for the study the hygroscopic behavior of mineral dust. In addition, the limits of DRIPTS were also discussed.

关键词： DRIFTS mineral oxides water adsorption hygroscopicity

Virus rejection with two model human enteric viruses in membrane bioreactor system

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Science china Chemistry 2007年第3期50卷 397-404页

作者： ZHENG Xiang1.2 & LIU JunXin1.1.0},{1., beijing 100085, china 2 School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of china, beijing 1.0872, china research {1. for eco-environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China School of Environment & Natural Resources Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China

A membrane bioreactor (MBR) with gravity drain was tested for virus rejection with two coliphages, T4 and f2, which were used as surrogates for human enteric viruses. Virus rejection was investigated by PVDF and PP membrane modules, with the pore sizes of 0.22 and 0.1.μm, respectively. In tap water system, 2.1.lg rejection of coliphage T4 could be achieved by PVDF membrane compared with complete rejection by PP membrane, while for coliphage f2 with smaller diameter, 0.3―0.5 lg rejection of the influent virus was removed by the two membranes. In domestic wastewater system, cake layer and gel layer on the membrane surface changed the cut-off size of the membrane so that there was no significant difference between PP and PVDF for each coliphage. The removal ratios of coliphage T4 and f2 in the MBR were more than 5.5 and 3.0 lg, respectively. Compared with 5.5 lg removal for virus T4 in the MBR system, only 2.1.lg (96.8%―99.9%) removal rate was observed in the conventional activated sludge system with the influent virus concentration fluctuating from 1.30 to 57000 PFU/mL. Only 0.8%―22% virus removal was the effect of adsorption to activated sludge, which showed a decreasing tendency with the retention time, while 75%―98% was the effect of virus inactivation by microbial activity. It indicated that the major mechanism of virus removal was not the transfer of viruses from the water phase to the sludge phase but inactivation in the biological treatment process.

关键词： MBR model virus enteric virus inactivation

Determination　of　herbicides　atrazine　and　butachlor　in　soil　by　high　performance　liquid　chromatography

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Journal of environmental {1. 1996年第4期8卷 504-506页

作者： Xu Weibing (research {1. for eco-environmental sciences,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100085,china) Res. Ctr. for eco-Environ. {1. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

A Liquid Chromatographic procedure was described for simultaneous determination atrazine and butachlor in soil with a diode-array-detector(DAD).Unequivocal identification by Rt alone,however,is sometimes difficult. The UV spectra offer a viable alternative to *** distinct differences in Rt and UV of the peaks are noteworthy. UV spectra are extremely helpful and served to accurately identify the various component. Soil samples containing herbicide residues were extracted on a shaker using dichloromethane. The extractions were finally concentrated to 1.ml by a K-D concentrator then the residues were quantitated by peak height. Detection limits for atrazine and butachlor were 0.1.ppb and 0.8 ppb respectively. Fortified at 5.0 ng,1.. 0 ng, and 50.0 ng levels,the recoveries of atrazine (n= 8)were 88.4%,95. 1. and 91. 6%. Fortified at 1.. 0 ng,50. 0 ng and 80.0 ng levels,the recoveries of butachlor (n=8) were 89. 8%,91.2% and 87.4%,respectively.

关键词： RP-HPLC,atrazine butachlor herbicids soil.

Combined fluorescence and electrochemical investigation on the binding interaction between organic acid and human serum albumin

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Journal of environmental {1. 2009年第3期21卷 373-379页

作者： CHEN Yan-Min,GUO Liang-Hong State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and ecotoxicology,{1. center for eco-environmental sciences,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100085,{1.}. State Key Laboratory of environmental Chemistry and {1.toxicology Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Human serum albumin （HSA） is a plasma protein responsible for the binding and transport of fatty acids and a variety of exogenous chemicals such as drugs and {1. pollutants. Such binding plays a crucial role in determining the ADME （absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion） and bioavailability of the pollutants. The binding interaction between HSA and acetic acid （C2）, octanoic acid （C8） and dodecanoic acid （C1.） has been investigated by the combination of site-specific fluorescent probe, tryptophan intrinsic fluorescence and tyrosine electrochemistry. For the study of the fatty acid interaction with the two drug-binding sites on HSA, two fluorescent probes, dansylamide and dansyl-L-proline were employed in the displacement measurements. Intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan in HSA was monitored upon addition of the fatty acids into HSA. Electrocatalyzed response of the tyrosine residues in HSA by a redox mediator was used to investigate the binding interaction. Qualitatively, observations from these three approaches were very similar. HSA did not show any change in the fluorescence and electrochemical experiments after mixing with C2, suggesting there is no significant interaction with the short-chain fatty acid. For C8, the measured signal dropped in a single-exponential mode, indicating an independent and non-cooperative binding. The calculated association constant and binding ratio were 3.1.× 1.^6 L/mol and 1.with drug binding Site Ⅰ, 1.1.× 1.7 L/mol and 1.with Site Ⅱ, and 7.0× 0^4 L/mol and 4 with the tryptophan site, respectively. The measurements with C1. displayed multiple phases of fluorescence change, suggesting cooperativity and allosteric effect of the C1. binding. These results correlate well with those obtained by the established methods, and validate the new approach as a viable tool to study the interactions of {1. pollutants with biological molecules.

关键词： absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) organic acid human serum albumin fluorescence electrochemistry