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Influence of preterm birth on the association between gestational diabetes mellitus and childhood developmental vulnerability:a causal mediation analysis

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期20卷 54-63页

作者： Bereket Duko Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin Gizachew Assefa Tessema gavin Pereira Australian Centre for Precision Health UniSA Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaNorth TerraceAdelaideSA5000Australia Curtin School of Population Health Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityKent StreetBentleyWA 6102Australia enAble Institute Curtin UniversityKent StreetBentleyWA6102Australia Centre for Fertility and Health(CeFH) Norwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway

Background Epidemiological studies examining the direct and indirect effects of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)on offspring early childhood developmental vulnerability are ***,the aims of this study were to estimate the direct and indirect effects of GDM(through preterm birth)on early childhood developmental *** We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study on the association between gestational diabetes mellitus and early childhood developmental vulnerability in children born in Western Australia(WA)using maternal,infant and birth records from the Midwives notification,Hospitalizations,Developmental Anomalies,and the Australian Early Development Census(AEDC)*** used two aggregated outcome measures:developmentally vulnerable on at least one AEDC domain(DV1)and developmentally vulnerable on at least two AEDC domains(DV2).Causal mediation analysis was applied to estimate the natural direct(nDE),indirect(nIE),and total(TE)effects as relative risks(RR).Results In the whole cohort(n=64,356),approximately 22%were classified as DV1 and 11%as DV2 on AEDC *** of the natural direct effect suggested that children exposed to GDM were more likely to be classified as DV1(RR=1.20,95%CI:1.10-1.31)and DV2(RR=1.34,95%CI:1.19-1.50)after adjusting for potential *** 6%and 4%of the effect of GDM on early childhood developmental vulnerability was mediated by preterm birth for DV1 and DV2,*** Children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus were more likely to be developmentally vulnerable in one or more AEDC *** biological mechanism for these associations is not well explained by mediation through preterm birth.

关键词： Child development Causal mediation analysis Gestational diabetes mellitus Offspring

Management of early oesophageal cancer:An overview

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第5期16卷 1255-1258页

作者： gavin G Calpin Matthew G Davey noel E Donlon Department of Surgery Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublin D2Ireland Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery Beaumont HospitalDublin D09V2N0Ireland

The incidence of esophageal cancer,namely the adenocarcinoma subtype,continues to increase exponentially on an annual *** indolent nature of the disease renders a significant proportion inoperable at first presentation,however,with the increased utilisation of endoscopy,many early lesions are now being identified which are suitable for endotherapeutic *** article details the options available for dealing with early esophageal cancer by endoscopic mean obviating the need for surgery thereby avoiding the potential morbidity and mortality of such intervention.

关键词： Esophageal cancer Endotherapy Endoscopic submucosal resection Endoscopic mucosal resection Endoscopy

Matched pair analysis of the effect of longer hypothermic machine perfusion time on kidney transplant outcomes

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第3期14卷 95-101页

作者： Carlos Verdiales Luke Baxter Hyun Ja Lim gavin Beck Michael A Moser Department of Surgery University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewan S7N 0W8Canada College of Medicine University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewan S7N 0W8Canada Canada and northern Ontario School of Medicine Thunder BayOntario P7B 5E1Canada Department of Community Health and Epidemiology University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSaskatchewan S7N 0W8Canada

BACKGROUnD Hypothermic machine perfusion(HMP)has demonstrated benefits in terms of early kidney transplant function compared to static cold *** longer preservation times have shown detrimental effects,a previous paired study indicated that longer pump times(the second kidney in a pair)might lead to improved *** To revisit the prior paired study's somewhat unexpected results by reviewing our program's *** A total of 61 pairs of transplant recipients who received kidneys from the same donor(2012-2021)were *** were divided into two groups depending on whether they were transplanted first(K1)or second(K2).Therefore,the patients in each pair had identical donor characteristics,except for time on the *** analyses included Kaplan-Meyer analysis and paired tests,including Mcnemar's test,student's paired t-test,or Wilcoxon's test,as *** The two groups of recipients had similar demographics(age,body mass index,diabetes,time on dialysis,sensit-ization and retransplants).Cold ischemic times for K1 and K2 were 8.9(95%CI:7.9,9.8)and 14.7 hours(13.7,15.8)(Pn acute rejection at 1 year(P=0.015).Delayed graft function was less common in K2,12/61(20%)than in K1,20/61(33%)(P=0.046).Finally,K2 showed a higher graft survival than K1(P=0.023).COnCLUSIOn Our results agree with a previous study that suggested possible advantages to longer pump *** studies should encourage further research into HMP's potential anti-inflammatory effect.

关键词： Hypothermic machine perfusion Paired kidney study Early acute rejection

Denitrification from nitrogen-fixing biologically crusted soils in a cool desert environment,southeast Utah,USA

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 156-164页

作者： nichole n Barger Sarah C Castle gavin n Dean Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ColoradoCampus Box 334BoulderCO 80309-0334USA Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences College of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMT59812USA.

Introduction:nitrogen fixation by microorganisms within biological soil crust(“biocrust”)communities provides an important pathway for n inputs in cool desert environments where soil nutrients are low and symbiotic n-fixing plants may be *** of n fixation in biocrusts often greatly exceed that of n accretion rates leading to uncertainty regarding n loss ***:In this study we examined nitrogen fixation and denitrification rates in biocrust communities that differed in n fixation potential(low n fixation=light cyanobacterial biocrust,high n fixation=dark cyanolichen crust)at four temperature levels(10,20,30,40°C)and four simulated rainfall levels(0.05,0.2,0.6,1 cm rain events)under controlled laboratory ***:Acetylene reduction rates(AR,an index of n fixation activity)were over six-fold higher in dark crusts relative to light *** biocrusts also exhibited eight-fold higher denitrification *** was no consistent effect of temperature on denitrification rates,but there was an interactive effect of water addition and crust *** light crusts,denitrification rates increased with increasing water addition,whereas the highest denitrification rates in dark crusts were observed at the lowest level of water ***:These results suggest that there are no clear and consistent environmental controls on short-term denitrification rates in these biologically crusted *** together,estimates of denitrification from light and dark biocrusts constituted 3 and 4%of n fixation rates,respectively suggesting that losses as denitrification are not significant relative to n inputs via *** estimate is based on a previously published conversion ratio of ethylene produced to n fixed that is low(0.295),resulting in high estimates of n *** future n fixation studies in biologically crusted soils show that these ratios are closer to the theoretical 3:1 ratio,denitrification may constitute a more significant

关键词： Biological soil crust Colorado Plateau Cool desert Denitrification nitrogen fixation Soil nitrogen cycling

Localization of urea transporter B in the developing bovine rumen

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Animal nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 216-222页

作者： Chongliang Zhong Tamsin Lyons Orla Heussaff Evelyn Doyle Eoin O'Hara Sinead M.Waters David Kenny gavin S.Stewart School of Biology and Environmental Science University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland Animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation CentreTeagascGrangeCounty MeathIreland Department of Agriculture Foodand Nutritional SciencesUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada

Urea nitrogen secreted from blood to rumen is a crucial factor shaping the symbiotic relationship between host ruminants and their microbial *** of urea across rumen epithelia is facilitated by urea transporter B(UT-B),but the long-term regulation of these proteins remains *** ruminal function develops over a period of months,the developing rumen is an excellent model with which to investigate this *** rumen epithelium samples of calves from birth to 96 d of age,this study performed immunolocalization studies to localize and semi-quantify UT-B protein *** expected,preliminary experiments confirmed that ruminal monocarboxylate transporter 1(MCT1)short chain fatty acid transporter protein abundance increased with age(Pn=4).Further investigation revealed that ruminal UT-B was present in the first few weeks of life and initially detected in the basolateral membrane of stratum basale *** the next 2 months,UT-B staining spread to other epithelial layers and semi-quantification indicated that UT-B abundance significantly increased with age(Pn=4 or 6).These changes were in line with the development of rumen function after the advent of solid feed intake and weaning,exhibiting a similar pattern to both MCT1 transporters and papillae *** study therefore confirmed age-dependent changes of in situ ruminal UT-B protein,adding to our understanding of the long-term regulation of ruminal urea transporters.

关键词： UT-B Immunolocalization Rumen Bovine Development

Higgs boson searches at the Tevatron

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Frontiers of physics 2013年第3期8卷 270-284页

作者： gavin J. Davies Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom

This article reviews the Higgs searches at the Tevatron, as presented over the summer of 2012; both standard model （SM） and beyond the standard model （BSM） results are discussed as detailed （arXiv： 1207.0449; Phys. Rev. Lett., 2012, 109： 071804; Phys. Rev. D, 2012, 85： 032005）. We discuss the combination of searches by the CDF and DO Collaborations for the standard model Higgs boson in the mass range 100-200 GeV/c2 produced in the the gg →H, WH, ZH, tfH, and vector boson fusion production modes, and decaying in the H → bb, H → W＋W-, H → ZZ, H →π＋π-, and H →γγ modes. The data, collected at the Fermilab Tevatron collider in p/5 collisions at √s = 1.96 TeV, correspond to integrated luminosities of up to 10 fb^-1. In the absence of signal, we expect to exclude the regions 100 〈 mH 〈 120 GeV/c2 and 139 〈 mH 〈 184 GeV/c2. We exclude, at the 95% C.L., two regions： 100 〈 mH 〈 103 GeV/c2, and 147 〈 mH 〈 180 GeV/c2. We observe a significant excess of events in the mass range between 115 and 140 GeV/c2. The local significance corresponds to 3.0 standard deviations at mH = 120 GeV/ce; the global significance （incorporating the lookelsewhere effect） for such an excess anywhere in the full mass range investigated is approximately 2.5 standard deviations. Furthermore, we separately combine searches for H→ bb-, H → W＋W- and H →γγ. We find that the excess is concentrated in the H →bb channel, appearing in the searches over a broad range of ran; the maximum local significance of 3.3 standard deviations corresponds to a global significance of approximately 3.1 standard deviations. The observed signal strengths in all channels are consistent with the expectation for a standard model Higgs boson at mH = 125 GeV/c2. The production of neutral Higgs bosons in association with b-quarks can be significantly enhanced in various beyond the standard model scenarios, including Supersymmetry. The recent combination of such searches from the two collaborations is discussed.

关键词： Higgs Tevatron

Coexistent alcohol-related cirrhosis and chronic pancreatitis have a comparable phenotype to either disease alone:A comparative retrospective analysis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2023年第3期15卷 431-440页

作者： Michael Lu Yujie Sun Robert Feldman Melissa Saul Andrew Althouse gavin Arteel Dhiraj Yadav Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA 15213United States Department of Medicine Center for Research on Health Care DataPittsburghPA 15213United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA 15213United States Department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyHepatology and NutritionUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA 15213United States

BACKGROUnD Alcohol use disorder is a prevalent disease in the United *** is a well-demonstrated cause of recurrent and long-standing liver and pancreatic injury which can lead to alcohol-related liver cirrhosis(ALC)and chronic pancreatitis(ACP).ALC and ACP are associated with significant healthcare utilization,cost burden,and *** prevalence of coexistent disease(CD)ranges widely in the literature and the intersection between ALC and ACP is inconsistently *** such,the clinical profile of coexistent ALC and ACP remains poorly *** hypothesized that patients with CD have a worse phenotype when compared to single organ *** To compare the clinical profile and outcomes of patients with CD from those with ALC or ACP *** In this retrospective comparative analysis,we reviewed international classi-fication of disease 9/10 codes and electronic health records of adult patients with verified ALC Only(n=135),ACP Only(n=87),and CD(n=133)who received care at UPMC Presbyterian-Shadyside *** was defined by histology,imaging or clinical evidence of cirrhosis or hepatic *** was defined by imaging findings of pancreatic calcifications,moderate-severe pancreatic duct dilatation,irregularity or *** compared demographics,pertinent clinical variables,healthcare utilization,and mortality for patients with CD with those who had single organ *** Compared to CD or ACP Only,patients with ALC Only were more likely to be older,Caucasian,have higher body mass index,and Hepatitis B or C *** patients(vs ALC Only)were less likely to have imaging evidence of cirrhosis and portal hypertension despite possessing similar MELD-na and Child C scores at the most recent *** patients(vs ACP Only)were less likely to have acute or recurrent acute pancreatitis,diabetes mellitus,insulin use,oral pancreatic enzyme therapy,and need for endoscopic therapy or pancreatic *** number of hospitalizati

关键词： Alcohol Cirrhosis Chronic pancreatitis Overlap Phenotype

The impact of height-adjustable desks and classroom prompts on classroom sitting time,social,and motivational factors among adolescents

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第1期12卷 97-105页

作者： Bronwyn Sudholz Ana Marıa Contardo Ayala Anna Timperio David W.Dunstan David E.Conroy gavin Abbott Bernie Holland Lauren Arundell Jo Salmon Pomegranate Community Mental Health St John of God Social OutreachBallaratVIC 3350Australia Institute for Physical Activity and nutrition(IPAn) School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3128Australia Physical Activity Laboratory Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVIC 3004Australia Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research Australian Catholic UniversityMelbourneVIC 3000Australia Department of Kinesiology Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern UniversityChicagoIL 60611USA The Australian Council for Health and Physical Education and Recreation AbbotsfordVIC 3067Australia

Purpose:This quasi-experimental study examined the impact of height-adjustable desks in combination with prompts to break up prolonged sitting time during class time and identified social and motivational factors associated with breaking up sitting time among ***’perceptions of strategies were also ***:Over 17 weeks,1 classroom in a government secondary school in Melbourne,Australia,was equipped with 27 height-adjustable desks and prompts(posters and desk stickers)to break up classroom sitting *** received professional development in the use of the desks and *** group of adolescents(n=55)had 2-5 lessons/week using the height-adjustable desks in an intervention classroom,and a comparison group matched by year level and subject(n=50)was taught in traditional“seated”*** wore an activPAL monitor at baseline(T0),4 weeks(T1),and 17 weeks(T2)and completed a survey at T0 and *** teachers participated in interviews at *** sizes were calculated(d).Results:Linear mixed models found that,compared to the traditional“seated”classrooms,the adolescents in the intervention classroom had significantly lower sitting time(T1:-9.7 min/lesson,d=-0.96;T2:-6.7 min/lesson,d=-0.70)and time spent in sitting bouts>15 min(T2:-11.2 min/lesson,d=-0.62),and had significantly higher standing time(T1:7.3 min/lesson,d=0.84;T2:5.8 min/lesson,d=0.91),number of breaks from sitting(T1:1.3 breaks/lesson,d=0.49;T2:1.8 breaks/lesson,d=0.67),and stepping time(T1:2.5 min/lesson,d=0.66).Intervention classroom adolescents reported greater habit strength(d=0.58),self-efficacy for breaking up sitting time(d=0.75),and indicated that having a teacher/classmate remind them to stand as helpful(d=0.50).Conclusion:This intervention shows promise for targeting sitting behaviors in the classroom and indicates that incorporating social and motivational strategies may further enhance outcomes.

关键词： Adolescent School Sedentary behavior Sitting Standing

Flattening the biological age curve by improving metabolic health:to taurine or not to taurine,that’s the question

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2023年第11期20卷 813-823页

作者： Kwok M.Ho Anna Lee William Wu Matthew T.V.Chan Lowell Ling Jeffrey Lipman Jason Roberts Edward Litton gavin M.Joynt Martin Wong Department of Intensive Care Medicine Fiona Stanley HospitalPerthAustralia Medical School The University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia School of Veterinary&Life Sciences Murdoch UniversityPerthAustralia Department of Anaesthesia&Intensive Care Prince of Wales HospitalChinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Jamieson Trauma Institute Royal Brisbane and Women’s HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Division of Anaesthesiology Critical Care Emergency and Pain Medicine Nîmes University HospitalUniversity of MontpellierNîmesFrance University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Herston Infectious Diseases Institute(HeIDI) Metro North HealthBrisbaneAustralia Departments of Pharmacy and Intensive Care Medicine Royal Brisbane and Women’s HospitalBrisbaneAustralia JC School of Public Health and Primary Care Centre for Health Education and Health PromotionChinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Public Health Peking UniversityBeijingChina School of Public Health Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina

The aging population is an important issue around the world especially in developed *** med-ical advances have substantially extended life span,the same cannot be said for the duration of health *** are seeing in-creasing numbers of elderly people who are frail and/or have multiple chronic conditions;all of these can affect the quality of life of the elderly population as well as increase the burden on the healthcare *** is mechanistically related to common medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus,ischemic heart disease,cognitive decline,and frailty.A recently accepted concept termed‘Accelerated Biological Aging’can be diagnosed when a person’s biological age—as measured by biomarkers of DnA methylation—is older than their corresponding chronological ***,a conditionally essential amino acid,has received much attention in the past few years.A substantial number of animal studies have provided a strong scientific foundation sug-gesting that this amino acid can improve cellular and metabolic health,including blood glucose control,so much that it has been labelled one of the‘longevity amino acids’.In this review article,we propose the rationale that an adequately powered random-ized-controlled-trial(RCT)is needed to confirm whether taurine can meaningfully improve metabolic and microbiome health,and biological *** trial should incorporate certain elements in order to provide the much-needed evidence to guide doctors,and also the community at large,to determine whether this promising and inexpensive amino acid is useful in improving human metabolic health.

关键词： rational meaningful Taurine