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Influence of preterm birth on the association between gestational diabetes mellitus and childhood developmental vulnerability:a causal mediation analysis

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期20卷 54-63页

作者： Bereket Duko Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin Gizachew Assefa Tessema gavin Pereira Australian Centre for Precision Health UniSA Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaNorth TerraceAdelaideSA5000Australia Curtin School of Population Health Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityKent StreetBentleyWA 6102Australia enAble Institute Curtin UniversityKent StreetBentleyWA6102Australia Centre for Fertility and Health(CeFH) Norwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway

Background Epidemiological studies examining the direct and indirect effects of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)on offspring early childhood developmental vulnerability are lacking.Therefore,the aims of this study were to estimate the direct and indirect effects of GDM(through preterm birth)on early childhood developmental vulnerability.Methods We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study on the association between gestational diabetes mellitus and early childhood developmental vulnerability in children born in Western Australia(WA)using maternal,infant and birth records from the Midwives Notification,Hospitalizations,Developmental Anomalies,and the Australian Early Development Census(AEDC)databases.We used two aggregated outcome measures:developmentally vulnerable on at least one AEDC domain(DV1)and developmentally vulnerable on at least two AEDC domains(DV2).Causal mediation analysis was applied to estimate the natural direct(NDE),indirect(NIE),and total(TE)effects as relative risks(RR).Results In the whole cohort(n=64,356),approximately 22%were classified as DV1 and 11%as DV2 on AEDC domains.Estimates of the natural direct effect suggested that children exposed to GDM were more likely to be classified as DV1(RR=1.20,95%CI:1.10-1.31)and DV2(RR=1.34,95%CI:1.19-1.50)after adjusting for potential confounders.About 6%and 4%of the effect of GDM on early childhood developmental vulnerability was mediated by preterm birth for DV1 and DV2,respectively.Conclusion Children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus were more likely to be developmentally vulnerable in one or more AEDC domains.The biological mechanism for these associations is not well explained by mediation through preterm birth.

关键词： Child development Causal mediation analysis Gestational diabetes mellitus Offspring

Management of early oesophageal cancer:An overview

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第5期16卷 1255-1258页

作者： gavin G Calpin Matthew G Davey Noel E Donlon Department of Surgery Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublin D2Ireland Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery Beaumont HospitalDublin D09V2N0Ireland

The incidence of esophageal cancer,namely the adenocarcinoma subtype,continues to increase exponentially on an annual basis.The indolent nature of the disease renders a significant proportion inoperable at first presentation,however,with the increased utilisation of endoscopy,many early lesions are now being identified which are suitable for endotherapeutic approaches.This article details the options available for dealing with early esophageal cancer by endoscopic mean obviating the need for surgery thereby avoiding the potential morbidity and mortality of such intervention.

关键词： Esophageal cancer Endotherapy Endoscopic submucosal resection Endoscopic mucosal resection Endoscopy

Trifluoromethylation of Unactivated Alkenes with Me3SiCF3 and N-Iodosuccinimide

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Trifluoromethylation of Unactivated Alkenes with Me3SiCF3 an...

中国化学会第二届全国有机自由基化学会议

作者： gavin chit tsui Department of Chemistry the Chinese University of Hong Kong

＜正＞A novel approach to the trifluoromethylation of unactivated alkenes is presented. This reaction is promoted by N-iodosuccinimide（NIS） under visible light irradiation without the need for photocatalysts. The mild conditions allow the direct synthesis of useful trifluoromethylated（E）-alkenes from readily available alkene feedstocks with excellent functional group tolerability.

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沉静优雅灰阶美学的儿童肖像

人像摄影 2024年第2期 64-69页

作者： gavin(摄影/文) 不详

商业应用人像摄影,旨在捕捉被拍摄者的面部表情、身体语言和个性,表达独特的魅力和故事。好的人像作品理应具备:引人瞩目的精彩外观,以及能够触动情感共鸣的氛围。一般来说,其关键元素应该包括——。

关键词：情感共鸣面部表情人像摄影拍摄者商业应用身体语言关键元素

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自制最好的石英钟

科技纵览 2024年第2期 18-20页

作者： gavin Watkins 不详

高级计时技术进入家庭。我一直对精准计时技术很感兴趣。现今,我们主要依赖互联网或者来自GPS卫星、广播电台的无线电波提供的计时。但我想要一个不依赖外界也可良好运行的计时时钟,而且一定要比一般的数字时钟或微控制器中使用的石英... 详细信息

高级计时技术进入家庭。我一直对精准计时技术很感兴趣。现今,我们主要依赖互联网或者来自GPS卫星、广播电台的无线电波提供的计时。但我想要一个不依赖外界也可良好运行的计时时钟,而且一定要比一般的数字时钟或微控制器中使用的石英晶体振荡器所提供的时间更准确,这些设备每天的时间偏差约1.7秒,一年的偏差超过10分钟。

关键词：石英晶体振荡器无线电波时间偏差数字时钟微控制器广播电台互联网 GPS卫星

The role of rumen epithelial urea transport proteins in urea nitrogen salvage:A review

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 304-313页

作者： Chongliang Zhong Ruijun Long gavin S.Stewart College of Ecology State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystemsLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina School of Biology and Environmental Science University College DublinDublinIreland

The symbiotic relationship between the host and the rumen microbiome plays a crucial role in ruminant physiology.One of the most important processes enabling this relationship is urea nitrogen salvaging(UNS).This process is important for both maintaining ruminant nitrogen balance and supporting production of their major energy supply,bacterially-derived short chain fatty acids(SCFA).The key step in UNS is the trans-epithelial movement of urea across the ruminal wall and this is a highly regulated process.At the molecular level,the key transport route is via the facilitative urea transporter-B2,localized to ruminal papillae epithelial layers.Additional urea transport through aquaporins(AQP),such as AQP3,is now also viewed as important.Long-term regulation of these ruminal urea transport proteins appears to mainly involve dietary fermentable carbohydrates;whereas,transepithelial urea transport is finely regulated by local conditions,such as CO_(2) levels,pH and SCFA concentration.Although the key principles of ruminal urea transport physiology are now understood,there remains much that is unknown regarding the regulatory pathways.One reason for this is the limited number of techniques currently used in many studies in the field.Therefore,future research in this area that combines a greater range of techniques could facilitate improvements to livestock efficiency,and potentially,reductions in the levels of waste nitrogen entering the environment.

关键词： Urea nitrogen salvaging Rumen Urea transporter Aquaporin UT-B AQP

Decentralized Control of Multiagent Navigation Systems

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2022年第5期9卷 922-925页

作者： Boyang Zhang Henri P.gavin IEEE Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708 USA

Dear editor,In this letter,we introduce a decentralized,nonlinear,discontinuous,and computationally simple control law for large scale multiagent navigation systems.The control is based on extending Gauss’s principle of least constraint with a dynamic incorporation of inequality constraints,actuator saturation,and actuator dynamics.With no individual path planner,each agent executes its motion and generates its control actions by reacting solely to the evolution of its constrained dynamics,which is equivalent to solving a linear matrix equation with a dimension up to around 20 without iteration at each time instant.Numerical experiments are conducted on hundreds of two-dimensional(2-D)double integrators subjected to path and collision constraints,demonstrating the promise of the proposed method.

关键词： dynamics method constraints

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基于大语言模型的糖尿病管理:潜力与展望

Science Bulletin 2024年第5期69卷 583-588页

作者：盛斌管洲榆 Lee-Ling Lim 江泽铧 Nestoras Mathioudakis 李佳佳刘茹涵包玉倩 Yong Mong Bee 王亚星郑颖丰 gavin Siew Wei Tan 纪宏伟 Josip Car 王海波 David C.Klonoff 李华婷覃宇宗黄天荫贾伟平 Shanghai International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases Department of Computer Science and EngineeringSchool of ElectronicInformationand Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDepartment of Endocrinology and MetabolismShanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Diabetes InstituteShanghai Clinical Center for DiabetesShanghai 200240China MOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Asia Diabetes Foundation Hong KongChina Tsinghua Medicine of Tsinghua University Beijing 100084China School of Clinical Medicine Beijing Tsinghua Changgung HospitalBeijing 102218China Division of Endocrinology Diabetes&MetabolismJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21211USA Department of Endocrinology Singapore General HospitalSingapore 169608Singapore Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital University of Medical ScienceBeijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key LaboratoryBeijing 100730China State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceGuangzhou 510060China Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye CentreSingapore 168751Singapore Department of Cardiology the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266011China Centre for Population Health Sciences Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological University SingaporeSingapore 639798Singapore Department of Primary Care and Public Health School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondon SW72BUUK Clinical Trial Unit Research Centre of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

The increasing prevalence of diabetes has become a global public health concern in the 21st century.In 2021,it was estimated that 537 million people had diabetes,and this number is projected to reach 643 million by 2030,and 783 million by 2045[1].Such a huge burden of diabetes brings great challenges in its prevention and management,including early diagnosis,timely interventions,and regular monitoring of risk factor control and complications screening.Continuous self-care support and patient empowerment can enhance clinical and psychobehavioural outcomes[2],although these require additional resources including manpower,infrastructure(hard and technology),and finances.The emergence of digital health technologies(DHTs),especially artificial intelligence(AI),may help address these obstacles and alleviate the burden of diabetes[3].Large language models(LLMs),a generative AI that can accept image and text inputs and produce text outputs,have shown promise in various aspects of medical care.

关键词： prevention diagnosis finance

The French guidelines for alcohol-related liver disease-what’s new, what’s not and what’s still needed

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 110-115页

作者： Maria Hernandez-Tejero gavin E.Arteel Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA Pittsburgh Liver Research Center University of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA

Louvet et al.recently published the French Association for the Study of the Liver(AFEF)and the French Alcohol Society clinical guidelines(1).The AFEF guidelines are the first specific to the screening and care of alcohol-related liver disease(ALD)in France.We compared these to the guidelines of American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases[AASLD,2020;(2)]and European Association for the Study of Liver[EASL,2018(3)];some noticeable differences and similarities emerge(Table 1).

关键词： Alcohol-related liver disease(ALD) alcoholic hepatitis guidelines AFEF