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Journal of Mountain Science 2008年第4期5卷 279-298页

作者： ganesh raj joshi Daigoro HAYASHI Simulation Tectonics Laboratory Faculty of ScienceUniversity of the RyukyusOkinawa 903-0213Japan

This paper presents finite element modeling(FEM) to simulate the present-day stress field and crustal deformation using NE-SW structural section in the central Seismic Gap region of the Garhwal *** study deals with the effect of geometrical characteristics and rock layer parameters on the upper *** results show that two types of tectonic regimes developed in the central Seismic Gap region:the geotectonics of the northern part has been controlled by regional compression,whereas southern part is characterized by regional ***,thrust faults are induced in the northern part and normal faults are extensively developed in the southern *** evidences noticeably indicate that the compressive tectonic environment of the Himalaya becomes change into the extensional tectonic regime in its *** computed shear stress accumulation along the northern flat of Main Himalayan Thrust(MHT) implies that considerable amount of interseismic stress is building up along the MHT system in the Himalaya,which ultimately release through the possible future great Himalayan earthquake(M>8).The comparison between our modeled stress field,faulting pattern and horizontal shortening rate with the distribution of the microseismic events,focal mechanism solutions,active faulting and GPS data in the central Seismic Gap region shows good agreement.

关键词：地震变形应力分布有限元分析

Development of extensional stresses in the compressional setting of the Himalayan thrust wedge: inference from numerical modelling

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Natural Science 2010年第7期2卷 667-680页

作者： ganesh raj joshi Daigoro Hayashi 不详

The estimation of contemporary tectonic stress field and deformation in active fold-and-thrust belts are imperative in identifying active geodynamics and resulting faulting phenomenon. In this paper, we focus on contemporary extensional tectonics in the overall compressive setting of the Himalayan orogen. Here we examine the regional tectonic stress field and upper crustal deformation in the Himalayan thrust wedge using a 2D finite element technique, incorporating elastic rheology under plain strain condition. The elastic models demonstrate that the extensional tectonic stress and related nor- mal faulting is extensively developed in the southern front of the Himalaya at shallow crustal level (<10 km in depth). Our modelling shows a good consistency with the geological field evidences of active faulting, focal mechanism solutions of medium size earthquakes in the several sectors of the Himalaya. Results based on numerical simulation, tectonic analysis and taking geological and geophysical data into account, we interpret that the present-day extensional tectonic activity is not restricted in the southern Tibet but distributed in the different sectors of the Himalayan fold-and-thrust belt co-exist with compressional structures. Modelling results also indicate that the nature, distribution and orientation of the maximum compressive stress (?1) of the Himalaya are mainly controlled by the intra crustal Main Himalayan décollement (MHT). The significant amount of shear stress/strain concentration along the MHT in the western Nepal predict that the region is prone to moderate and great future earthquakes.

关键词： Extensional Stress Field Convergent Displacement Finite Element Modelling Himalayan Wedge

Finite element modelling of the pull-apart formation: implication for tectonics of Bengo Co pull-apart basin, southern Tibet

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Natural Science 2010年第6期2卷 654-666页

作者： ganesh raj joshi Daigoro Hayashi 不详

The tectonic deformation and state of stress are significant parameters to understand the active structure, seismic phenomenon and overall ongoing geodynamic condition of any region. In this paper, we have examined the state of stress and crustal deformation during the formation of the Beng Co pull-apart basins produced by an enéchelon strike-slip fault systems using 2D Finite Element Modelling (FEM) under plane stress condition. The numerical modelling technique used for the experiments is based on FEM which enables us to analyze the static behavior of a real and continues structures. We have used three sets of models to explore how the geometry of model (fault overlap and pre-existing weak shear zone) and applied boundary conditions (pure strike-slip, transpressional and transtensional) influence the development of state of stress and deformation during the formation of pull-apart basins. Modelling results presented here are based on five parameters: 1) distribution, orienttation, and magnitude of maximum (σH max) and minimum (σH max) horizontal compressive stress 2) magnitude and orientation of displacement vectors 3) distribution and concentration of strain 4) distribution of fault type and 5) distribution and concentration of maximum shear stress (σH max) contours. The modelling results demonstrate that the deformation pattern of the en-échelon strike-slip pull-apart formation is mainly dependent on the applied boundary conditions and amount of overlap between two master strike-slip faults. When the amount of overlap of the two master strike-slip faults increases, the surface deformation gets wider and longer but when the overlap between two master strike-slip faults is zero, block rotation observed significantly, and only narrow and small surface deform ation obtained. These results imply that overlap between two master strike-slip faults is a significant factor in controlling the shape, size and morphology of the pull-apart basin formation. Results of numeric

关键词： State of Stress Deformation Regime Pull-Apart Formation Numerical Modelling Southern Tibet

Functional composition of tall-statured trees underpins aboveground biomass in tropical forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第2期34卷 333-344页

作者： Suwash Kunwar Li-Qiu Wang Maryam Kazempour Larsary rajeev Chaudhary Puspa raj joshi Arshad Ali Department of Forest Resources Management College of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China Forest Ecology Research Group College of Life SciencesHebei UniversityBaoding 071002HebeiPeople’s Republic of China Division Forest Offi ce DadeldhuraMinistry of ForestDhangadhiSudurpashchim ProvinceNepal Department of Forestry Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Guilan43619-96196 SomehsaraIran Division Forest Offi ce PahalmanpurMinistry of ForestDhangadhiSudurpashchim ProvinceNepal Institute of Forestry Tribhuvan UniversityHetauda CampusHetauda 44107Nepal

The influences of trait diversity(i.e.,the niche complementarity effect)and functional composition(i.e.,the mass ratio effect)on aboveground biomass(AGB)is a highly debated topic in forest ***,further studies are needed to explore these mechanisms in unstudied forest ecosystems to enhance our understanding,and to provide guidelines for specific forest ***,we hypothesized that functional composition would drive AGB better than trait diversity and stem size inequality in the(sub-)tropical forests of *** data from 101 forest plots,we tested 25 structural equation models(SEMs)to link elevation,stem DBH inequality,trait diversity(i.e.,trait richness,evenness,dispersion and divergence),functional composition[i.e.,community-weighted of maximum height mean(CWM of Hmax),specific leaf area(CWM of SLA),leaf dry matter content(CWM of LDMC),and wood density(CWM of WD)]and *** best-fitted SEMs indicated that CWM of Hmax promoted AGB while overruling the impacts of trait diversity indices on ***,low trait diversity indices were linked with higher AGB while overruling the effects of CWM of SLA,LDMC and WD on *** addition,AGB decreased with increasing elevation,whereas stem size inequality did not influence *** results suggest that divergent species’functional strategies could shape AGB along an altitudinal gradient in tropical *** argue that forest management practices should include plant functional traits in the management plan for the co-benefits of biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration that underpins human wellbeing.

关键词： Functional traits Mass ratio Niche complementarity Niche overlap Topography

城市树木对抵消喜马拉雅中部加德满都谷地环路地区交通排放二氧化碳的贡献

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2023年第6期14卷 1272-1281页

作者： joshi Nabin raj joshi rajeev MISHRA Jay raj 亚洲可持续农业和生物资源网络加德满都44600尼泊尔尼泊尔农林大学自然资源管理学院林学系乌代普尔卡塔里56310尼泊尔 ApiEco咨询研究有限公司(AECAR) 加德满都44600尼泊尔

城市树木是城市地区的宝贵资源,因为它们具有降低环境温度、缓解城市热岛效应和减少雨水径流的能力,在通过吸收大气二氧化碳(CO_(2))进而减轻气候变化影响方面发挥着重要作用。同时,它也有助于减少空气悬浮颗粒物,增加城市景观的视觉吸... 详细信息

城市树木是城市地区的宝贵资源,因为它们具有降低环境温度、缓解城市热岛效应和减少雨水径流的能力,在通过吸收大气二氧化碳(CO_(2))进而减轻气候变化影响方面发挥着重要作用。同时,它也有助于减少空气悬浮颗粒物,增加城市景观的视觉吸引力。本文对加德满都谷地环城公路地区城市树木的碳储量进行了量化,以评估城市树木在缓解全球气候变化影响方面的规模和作用。本研究随机对40个样地进行了详细的碳评估。详细评估中考虑到了地上和地下碳库。此外,在收集生物物理数据时,通过现场工作人员的定期监测,对数据的质量进行了控制。评估记录了环城公路树木中共33种不同的树种,幼苗、树苗和树木的平均密度分别为每公顷2149、585和194棵。2021年,环路区树木平均碳储量为24.03 t C ha^(-1),总碳储量为7785.72 t C。环路区树木总标准二氧化碳当量(t CO_(2)e)为28573.60 t CO_(2)e。在全移动情景模式下,交通产生的二氧化碳排放量为年312888 t CO_(2)e,净排放量为42547 t CO_(2)e。环路区树木的二氧化碳储量不足14000.8 t CO_(2)e。这项研究表明,现有的城市树木种植无法封存或抵消交通排放的二氧化碳。因此,如河岸等公共区域可以为绿色基础设施建设和多用途树木种植所使用。为了应对全球气候变化的不利影响,城市地区及其周围树木的独特价值必须在可持续管理城市和城郊树木的具体政策和计划中得到重视。这项研究为决策者提供了建议,以更好地了解城市树木的作用,并为加德满都等山谷城市的城市树木种植制定可持续管理计划提供帮助。

关键词：道路树木生物质和碳碳排放量气候变化加德满都谷地

Effect of plasma treatment on the seed germination and seedling growth of radish(Raphanus sativus)

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Plasma Science and Technology 2022年第1期24卷 95-107页

作者： rajesh Prakash GURAGAIN Hom Bahadur BANIYA Santosh DHUNGANA ganesh Kuwar CHHETRI Binita SEDHAI Niroj BASNET Aavash SHAKYA Bishnu Prasad PANDEY Suman Prakash PRADHAN Ujjwal Man joshi Deepak Prasad SUBEDI Department of Physics School of SciencesKathmandu UniversityDhulikhelKavre 45210Nepal Department of Physics Tri-Chandra Multiple CampusTribhuvan UniversityKathmandu 44600Nepal Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Kathmandu UniversityDhulikhelKavre 45210Nepal Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Kathmandu UniversityDhulikhelKavre 45210Nepal

The effect on the germination and seedling growth of radish(Raphanus sativus)seeds were examined employing a dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)at atmospheric pressure and room temperature for various treatment *** plasma using argon gas of flow rate 21 m^(-1)was employed in this *** seeds were treated with DBD plasma for 1-5 min,*** characteristics,seedling growth parameters,the contact angle of the seed coat,water uptake capacity,mass loss,the temperature of the seeds,chlorophyll,and carotenoid contents of the seedlings were measured before and after the DBD plasma *** treatment of radish seeds significantly increased germination-related characters,including germination percentage,fresh and dry weight,vigor index,and total carotenoids ***,the cumulative production rate was found to be *** from the experiment indicate an acceleration in the water uptake of the radish seeds and make the seed surface hydrophilic by plasma *** electron microscopy analysis showed that etching effects on the seed coat occurred after the argon plasma treatments,which affected the wettability of the radish *** experimental findings showed that seeds being treated by DBD plasma for 2 and 3 min had a positive effect on the germination and seedling growth of radish.

关键词： dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) electron temperature electron density germination growth parameters radish seeds

Genome Editing Strategies Towards Enhancement of Rice Disease Resistance

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Rice science 2021年第2期28卷 133-145页

作者： Rukmini MISHRA WEI Zheng raj Kumar joshi ZHAO Kaijun School of Applied Sciences Centurion University of Technology and ManagementBhubaneswar 752050OdishaIndia National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agriculture SciencesBeijing 100081China Department of Biotechnology Rama Devi Women’s UniversityBhubaneswar 751022OdishaIndia

The emerging pests and phytopathogens have reduced the crop yield and quality, which hasthreatened the global food security. Traditional breeding methods, molecular marker-based breedingapproaches and use of genetically modified crops have played a crucial role in strengthening the foodsecurity worldwide. However, their usages in crop improvement have been highly limited due to multiplecaveats. Genome editing tools like transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases and clustered regularlyinterspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated endonuclease Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9) haveeffectively overcome limitations of the conventional breeding methods and are being widely accepted forimprovement of crops. Among the genome editing tools, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has emerged as themost powerful tool of genome editing because of its efficiency, amicability, flexibility, low cost andadaptability. Accumulated evidences indicate that genome editing has great potential in improving thedisease resistance in crop plants. In this review, we offered a brief introduction to the mechanisms of differentgenome editing systems and then discussed recent developments in CRISPR/Cas9 system-based genomeediting towards enhancement of rice disease resistance by different strategies. This review also discussed thepossible applications of recently developed genome editing approaches like CRISPR/Cas12a (formerlyknown as Cpf1) and base editors for enhancement of rice disease resistance.

关键词： genome editing technology rice improvement CRISPR/Cas9 CRISPR/Cas12a base editor disease resistance

Characteristics of microbial community functional structure of a biological coking wastewater treatment system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第1期30卷 105-115页

作者： Dev raj joshi Yu Zhang Hong Zhang Yingxin Gao Min Yang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijin9 100049China

Nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds are key pollutants in coking wastewater; however, the functional potential of microbial communities for biodegradation of such contaminants during biological treatment is still elusive. Herein, a high throughput functional gene array（Geo Chip 5.0）in combination with Illumina Hi Seq2500 sequencing was used to compare and characterize the microbial community functional structure in a long run（500 days） bench scale bioreactor treating coking wastewater, with a control system treating synthetic wastewater. Despite the inhibitory toxic pollutants, Geo Chip 5.0 detected almost all key functional gene（average61,940 genes） categories in the coking wastewater sludge. With higher abundance, aromatic ring cleavage dioxygenase genes including multi ring1,2 diox; one ring2,3 diox; catechol represented significant functional potential for degradation of aromatic pollutants which was further confirmed by Illumina Hi Seq2500 analysis results. Response ratio analysis revealed that three nitrogenous compound degrading genes-nbz A（nitro-aromatics）, tdn B（aniline）, and scn ABC（thiocyanate） were unique for coking wastewater treatment, which might be strong cause to increase ammonia level during the aerobic process. Additionally, Hi Seq2500 elucidated carbozole and isoquinoline degradation genes in the system. These findings expanded our understanding on functional potential of microbial communities to remove organic nitrogenous pollutants;hence it will be useful in optimization strategies for biological treatment of coking wastewater.

关键词： Coking wastewater GeoChip Illumina HiSeq Functional genes Nitrogenous pollutants

Molecular mechanisms of enzalutamide resistance in prostate cancer

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2019年第2期2卷 189-197页

作者： Eliot B.Blatt ganesh V.raj Department of Urology University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX 75390USA Department of Pharmacology University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX 75390USA.

An estimated 30,000 men in the United States will die of metastatic prostate cancer(PCa)each year due to the development of therapy resistance,most notably resistance to second-generation antiandrogen *** vast majority of PCa is driven by the androgen receptor(AR).Enzalutamide is an AR antagonist,which extends patient survival and is widely used in the clinic for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC);however,many patients will have primary or develop acquired resistance and continue to *** of the molecular mechanisms of enzalutamide resistance provides insight into potentially efficacious therapies for enzalutamide-resistant CRPC(ER-CRPC).Understanding these mechanisms is critical for the identification of biomarkers predictive of therapy resistance and the development of therapeutic strategies to target ER-CRPC.

关键词： Drug resistant cancers resistance modulation biomarkers of drug responsiveness targeted therapy resistance

A Case of Suicide with Multiple Stab Wounds

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2019年第3期5卷 164-167页

作者： ganesh raj Selvaraja Poh Kuang Jih Kunasilan Subramaniam Norliza Binti Ibrahim Department of Forensic Medicine Sarawak General HospitalKuchingMalaysia

Multiple stab wounds are very common features of homicidal *** common findings differentiating homicidal and suicidal stabbing are well described in the medical *** the features mentioned are location,shape,and direction of the *** features are vital in differentiating suicide from ***,this case has an unusual *** discuss the importance of interpretation and differentiation of the stab wounds to determine the manner of death and facilitate the investigation.A 29‑year‑old male presented with multiple stab *** was no witness at the time of the *** body was discovered in his room with pools of blood.A knife was present on his *** tentative cuts were present on the *** investigation and postmortem examination determined the cause and manner of death.

关键词： Manner of death multiple stab wounds postmortem