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Prospects and limitations of soil amendment and irrigation techniques for the water-saving public urban greenery and ephemeral weed management in the sandy soils of the United Arab Emirates

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第9期16卷 1288-1302页

作者： Ayesha ALAM Elke gabriel-NEUMANN Department of Integrative Agriculture College of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain 15551the United Arab Emirates ASPIRE Research Institute of Food Security in Drylands College of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain 15551the United Arab Emirates

Public urban greenery greatly contributes to the residential and tourist value of cities in the Gulf Region,but due to the hyper-arid climatic conditions,the cost of irrigation and plant maintenance is very *** strategies to reduce the monetary and ecological costs involve the cultivation of native xerophytic plantations,and/or the use of soil improvers to increase water-and nutrient-holding capacity of the sandy *** soil improvers based on mineral,organic,or synthetic materials have entered the United Arab Emirates(UAE)market in recent years,but there is considerable uncertainty about how they should best be used in combination with ornamental plant stands involving xerophytic native *** present study investigated the effect of soil amendment and deep pipe irrigation on perennial ornamental plant stands involving native plants(Tephrosia appolinea(Gel.)Link in combination with Aerva javanica(Burm.f.)*** Schult.)and native-exotic plants(*** in combination with Ruelia simplex ***)either or not topsoil and subsoil amendment with bentonite and hydrophobic sand under the irrigation water supply of less than 50%of reference evapotranspiration(ET0).After one year of cultivation,*** and ***(native ***)produced high biomass and exhibited high water use efficiency(WUE)as compared with *** and ***(native ***)combination given that no significant differences were found under the soil amendment *** stands thrived under irrigation water supply far below what is usually supplied to exotic ornamental stands in public parks of the Al Ain City,the ***,subsoil amendment in combination with deep pipe irrigation reduced the occurrence of weeds and increased the overall plant rooting *** results suggest that subsoil amendment and irrigation up to 60-80 cm depth can potentially control ephemeral weed infestation,which is a great challenge in various plant production systems of the

关键词： native and exotic plant communities competitive strength soil improvers urban plantation subsoil amendment weed management

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Magnetopause properties at the dusk magnetospheric flank from global magnetohydrodynamic simulations,the kinetic Vlasov equilibrium,and in situ observations--Potential implications for SMILE

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 222-233页

作者： Marius Echim Costel Munteanu gabriel Voitcu Eliza Teodorescu Institute of Space Science Măgurele 077125Romania Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy 1180 BrusselsBelgium Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence(STCE) 1180 BrusselsBelgium

We derived the properties of the terrestrial magnetopause(MP)from two modeling approaches,one global–fluid,the other local–kinetic,and compared the results with data collected in situ by the Magnetospheric Multiscale 2(MMS2)*** used global magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)simulations of the Earth’s magnetosphere(publicly available from the NASA-CCMC[National Aeronautics and Space Administration–Community Coordinated Modeling Center])and local Vlasov equilibrium models(based on kinetic models for tangential discontinuities)to extract spatial profiles of the plasma and field variables at the Earth’s *** global MHD simulations used initial solar wind conditions extracted from the OMNI database at the time epoch when the MMS2 observes the *** kinetic Vlasov model used asymptotic boundary conditions derived from the same in situ MMS measurements upstream or downstream of the *** global MHD simulations provide a three-dimensional image of the magnetosphere at the time when the MMS2 crosses the *** Vlasov model provides a one-dimensional local view of the MP derived from first principles of kinetic *** MMS2 experimental data also serve as a reference for comparing and validating the numerical simulations and *** found that the MP transition layer formed in global MHD simulations was generally localized closer to the Earth(roughly by one Earth radius)from the position of the real MP observed by the *** also found that the global MHD simulations overestimated the thickness of the MP transition by one order of magnitude for three analyzed variables:magnetic field,density,and tangential *** MP thickness derived from the local Vlasov equilibrium was consistent with observations for all three of these *** overestimation of density in the Vlasov equilibrium was reduced compared with the global MHD *** discuss our results in the context of future SMILE(Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)campaigns for observing

关键词： magnetopause magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulations Vlasov equilibrium Magnetospheric Multiscale observations

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A short climatology of black and brown carbon and their sources at a suburban site impacted by smoke in Brazil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 498-511页

作者： Admir Creso Targino Patricia Krecl gabriel Yoshikazu Oukawa Eva Maria Mollinedo Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering Federal University of TechnologyAv.Pioneiros 3131LondrinaPR 86036-370Brazil Department of Environmental Engineering Federal University of TechnologyAv.Pioneiros 3131LondrinaPR 86036-370Brazil

Emissions from biomass burning challenge efforts to curb air pollution in cities downwind of fire-prone regions,as they contribute large amounts of brown carbon(Br C)and black carbon(BC)*** investigated the patterns of Br C and BC concentrations using Aethalometer data(atλ=370 and 880 nm,respectively)spanning four years at a site impacted by the outflow of *** data required to be post processed for the shadowing effect since,without correction,concentrations would be between 29%and 35%*** Br C concentrations were consistently higher than the BC concentrations,indicating the prevalence of aerosols from biomass *** results were supported by the Angstrom coefficient(A_(370/880)),with values predominantly larger than 1(mean±standard deviation:1.25±0.31).A_(370/880)values below 1 were more prevalent during the wet season,which suggests a contribution from fossil fuel *** observed sharp Br C and BC seasonal signals,with mean minimum concentrations of 0.40μg/m^(3)and 0.36μg/m^(3),respectively,in the wet season,and mean maximum concentrations of 2.05μg/m^(3)and 1.53μg/m^(3)in the dry *** largest concentrations were observed when northerly air masses moved over regions with a high density of fire *** burning of residential solid waste and industrial combustion caused extreme Br C and BC concentrations under favourable wind *** neither pollutant is included in any ambient air quality standards,our results suggest that transboundary smoke may hamper efforts to meet the World Health Organization guidelines for fine particles.

关键词： Light-absorbing carbonaceous matter Black carbon Wildfires Biomass burning Aethalometer

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Experimental Exclusion of Guanaco Grazing Increases Cover, Diversity, Land Function and Plant Recruitment in Patagonia

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第7期93卷 1383-1401页

作者： Carla Cepeda gabriel Oliva Daniela Ferrante INTA Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Santa Cruz9400Rio GallegosArgentina Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral Santa Cruz9400Rio GallegosArgentina

Semiarid Patagonia represents 25%of the rangeland area in Argentina,and sheep overgrazing has degraded about a third of it in the *** this century,depleted domestic stocks have mostly stabilized,but Guanaco populations have *** native camelids share habitat and diets with sheep,but their effect on vegetation is poorly understood and has long been *** set up an exclusion experiment in Monte León and Cañadón Vaca,a semiarid shrubland grassland in southern Patagonia,currently grazed only by *** baselines were studied in 2016 in twelve plots,and half of them were protected from guanaco ***-six plots were cleared to study *** was reassessed in 2021,and changes were evaluated using a paired *** protected plots,vegetation cover increased,bare soil diminished,and vegetated patches grew in size,but the density of the patch-interpatch arrangement did not ***,measured by richness and the Shan-non-Wiener(SW)index,grew signiﬁ*** recycling increased,as did the Stability and Inﬁltration Land Function indexes,although these last differences were not signiﬁ*** cover under guanaco grazing also increased,mainly due to the growth of dwarf shrubs,a typical tendency in sheep grazing-induced transitions in the *** patches under grazing fragmented,resulting in smaller patches and denser patch struc-tures,while diversity and land function indexes remained *** plants established in cleared plots without guanacos showed higher cover density and individual *** effects are similar to those observed in numerous experimental sheep *** grazing may thus prevent restoration and contribute to the generalized land degradation processes that overgrazing has been causing in Patagonia for over a century.

关键词： Rangelands herbivory biodiversity overgrazing carrying capacity fauna

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Quality assessment of surgery for colorectal cancer:Where do we stand?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第4期16卷 982-987页

作者： Stefan Morarasu Cristian Livadaru gabriel-Mihail Dimofte The Second Department of Surgical Oncology Regional Institute of OncologyIasi 707483Romania

Quality assurance in surgery has been one of the most important topics of debate among colorectal surgeons in the past *** has produced new surgical standards that led in part to the impressive oncological outcomes we see in many units *** mesorectal excision,complete mesocolic excision(CME),and the Japanese D3 lymphadenectomy are now benchmark techniques embraced by many surgeons and widely recommended by surgical ***,there are still ongoing discrepancies in outcomes largely based on surgeon *** is one of the main reasons why many countries have shifted colorectal cancer surgery only to high volume *** markers of surgical quality is thus a perquisite to ensure that standards and oncological outcomes are met at an institutional *** the evolution of CME surgery,various quality markers have been described,mostly based on measurements on the surgical specimen and lymph node yield,while others have proposed radiological markers(*** stumps)measured on postoperative scans as part of the routine cancer *** is no ideal marker;however,taken together and assembled into a new score or set of criteria may become a future point of reference for reporting outcomes of colorectal cancer surgery in research studies and defining subspecialization requirements both at an individual and hospital level.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Colon surgery Arterial stump Complete mesocolic excision Surgical quality

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Precipitation of multi-type nano-quasicrystals in a Mg-zn-Y alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 997-1008页

作者： W.z.Wang X.z.zhou L.F.zhang H.Q.Ye z.Q.Yang Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of ScienceShenyang 110016China Ji Hua Laboratory Foshan 528251China Foshan University Foshan 528231China

Mg-6zn-1Y(at.%)ribbons with strengthening precipitates of multi-type nanoquasicrystals were prepared by melt-spinning followed by aging *** evolution of the rapidly solidified ribbons during isothermal aging was comprehensively studied using various electron microscopy *** new kinds of decagonal quasicrystals were formed in aged ribbons,in addition to precipitation of nanometer icosahedral ***-resolution observations reveal that both decagonal quasicrystals can be modeled by quasiperiodic tiling with decagonal clusters of 2.5 nm in diameter,but overlap of neighboring clusters in both decagonal quasicrystals is different from the Gummelt model observed in other quasicrystals.A shell composed of complex Laves Mg-zn domains was formed surrounding each decagonal quasicrystal precipitate upon prolonged *** addition,all kinds of nanoprecipitates exhibit excellent structure and size stability at 573 *** findings may have implications for not only fundamental studies about quasicrystals,but also microstructural manipulation of high-performance Mg alloys.

关键词： Quasicrystal Mg alloys Rapid solidification Scanning-transmission electron microscopy.

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Translating Pathological Brain Activity Primers in Parkinson’s Disease Research

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 735-752页

作者： Daniela Mirzac Svenja L.Kreis Heiko J.Luhmann gabriel.gonzal.z-escamil.a Sergiu Groppa Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation Department of NeurologyFocus Program Translational NeuroscienceRhine Main Neuroscience NetworkUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz55131 MainzGermany Institute of Physiology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz55131 MainzGermany

Translational experimental approaches that help us better trace Parkinson’s disease(PD)pathophysiological mechanisms leading to new therapeutic targets are urgently *** this article,we review recent experimental and clinical studies addressing abnormal neuronal activity and pathological network oscillations,as well as their underlying mechanisms and *** aim is to enhance our knowledge about the progression of Parkinson's disease pathology and the timing of its symptom’s ***,we present mechanistic insights relevant for the generation of aberrant oscillatory activity within the cortico-basal ganglia *** summarize recent achievements extrapolated from available PD animal models,discuss their advantages and limitations,debate on their differential applicability,and suggest approaches for transferring knowledge on disease pathology into future research and clinical applications.

关键词： clinical knowledge insight

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An effective strategy to inhibit grain coarsening:Construction of multi-element co-segregated grain boundary complexion

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第7期13卷 1060-1071页

作者： Le Fu gabriel Arcuri Wenjun Yu Bohan Wang zihua Lei Ying Deng Kathryn Grandfield School of Material Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy McMaster UniversityHamilton L8S 4L8Canada State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Materials Science and Engineering McMaster UniversityHamilton L8S 4L8Canada

When exposed to moderate to high temperatures,nanomaterials typically suffer from severe grain coarsening,which has long been a major concern that prevents their wider ***,we proposed an effective strategy to inhibit grain coarsening by constructing grain boundary(GB)complexions with multiple codoped dopants,which hindered coarsening from both energetic and kinetic *** demonstrate the feasibility of this strategy,multiple selected dopants were doped into a zrO_(2)-SiO_(2)nanocrystalline glass ceramic(NCGC)to form GB *** results showed that NCGC was predominantly composed of zrO_(2)nanocrystallites(NCs)distributed in an amorphous SiO_(2)*** layers of GB complexions(~2.5 nm)were formed between adjacent zrO_(2)NCs,and they were crystalline superstructures with co-segregated *** addition,a small amount of quartz solid solution was formed,and it adhered to the periphery of zrO_(2)NCs and bridged the adjacent NCs,acting as a“bridging phase”.The GB complexions and the“bridging phase”synergistically enhanced the coarsening resistance of zrO_(2)NCs up to 1000°*** findings are important for understanding GB complexions and are expected to provide new insights into the design of nanomaterials with excellent thermodynamic stability.

关键词： zr_(2)-Si_(2) multi-element co-segregation grain boundary(GB)complexion grain coarsening atom probe tomography(APT)

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Integration of multiple flexible electrodes for realtime detection of barrier formation with spatial resolution in a gut-on-chip system

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 105-114页

作者： Mara Lucchetti gabriel Werr Sofia Johansson Laurent Barbe Léa Grandmougin Paul Wilmes Maria Tenje Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine(LCSB) University of LuxembourgEsch-sur-Alzette L-4362Luxembourg Division of Biomedical Engineering Department of Materials Science and EngineeringScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University75121 UppsalaSweden Department of Life Sciences and Medicine Faculty of ScienceTechnology and MedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch-sur-Alzette L-4362Luxembourg

In healthy individuals,the intestinal epithelium forms a tight barrier to prevent gut bacteria from reaching blood *** study the effect of probiotics,dietary compounds and drugs on gut barrier formation and disruption,human gut epithelial and bacterial cells can be cocultured in an in vitro model called the human microbial crosstalk(HuMiX)gut-on-a-chip ***,we present the design,fabrication and integration of thin-film electrodes into the HuMiX platform to measure transepithelial electrical resistance(TEER)as a direct readout on barrier tightness in *** various aspects of the HuMiX platform have already been set in their design,such as multiple compressible layers,uneven surfaces and nontransparent materials,a novel fabrication method was developed whereby thin-film metal electrodes were first deposited on flexible substrates and sequentially integrated with the HuMiX system via a transfer-tape ***,to measure localized TEER along the cell culture chamber,we integrated multiple electrodes that were connected to an impedance analyzer via a *** further developed a dynamic normalization method because the active measurement area depends on the measured TEER *** fabrication process and system setup can be applicable to other barrier-on-chip *** a proof-of-concept,we measured the barrier formation of a cancerous Caco-2 cell line in real-time,which was mapped at four spatially separated positions along the HuMiX culture area.

关键词： barrier system multiple

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The effect of slime accumulated in a long-term operating UASB using crude glycerol to treat S-rich wastewater

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 353-366页

作者： Xudong zhou Eva Fernández-Palacios Antoni DDorado Javier Lafuente Xavier Gamisans David gabriel Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China GENOCOV Research Group Department of ChemicalBiological and Environmental EngineeringEscola d’EnginyeriaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193 BellaterraSpain Department of Mining Industrial and ICT EngineeringUniversitat Politècnica de CatalunyaAvinguda de les Bases de Manresa 61-7308242 ManresaSpain

An up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB)reactor targeting sulfate reduction was operated under a constant TOC/S-SO2-4ratio of 1.5±0.3 g C/g S for 639 days using crude glycerol as carbon source.A filamentous and fluffy flocculant material,namely slime-like substances(SLS),was gradually accumulated in the bioreactor after the cease of methanogenic *** accumulation of SLS was followed by a decrease in the removal efficiencies and a deterioration in the *** characteristics of SLS were investigated to explore the causes of its formation and the effect of SLS on the UASB *** showed that glycerol fermentation and sulfate reduction processes taking place in the reactor were mainly accomplished in the bottom part of the UASB reactor,as the sludge concentration in the bottom was *** accumulation of SLS in the UASB reactor caused sludge flotation that further led to biomass washout,which decreased the sulfate and glycerol removal *** activity tests performed with granular sludge(GS),slime-covered granular sludge(SCGS)and SLS showed that there was no difference between GS and SLS in the mechanism of glycerol fermentation and sulfate ***,the specific sulfate reduction rate of GS was higher than that of SLS,while SLS showed a higher glycerol fermentation rate than that of *** different rates in GS and SLS were attributed to the higher relative abundances of fermentative microorganisms found in SLS and higher relative abundances of sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB)found in GS.

关键词： Sludge flotation Granular sludge Slime-like substances Glycerol fermentation Sulfate reduction Removal efficiency

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