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Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： ramón Pérez-Núñez María Fernanda gonzález Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

Preface to the Special Issue on recent advances in the study of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles and Ionospheric Scintillation

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2021年第5期5卷 365-367页

作者： Yuichi Otsuka Luca Spogli S.tulasi ram guoZhu Li Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research Nagoya UniversityJapan Istituto Nazionale di geofisicae Vulcanologia Italy Indian Institute of geomagnetism India Institute of geology and geophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The 2 nd Equatorial Plasma Bubble(EPB)workshop,funded by the Institute of geology and geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,took place in Beijing,China during September 13–15,*** EPB workshop belongs to a conference series that began in 2016 in Nagoya,Japan at the Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research,Nagoya University,resulting in a special issue of Progress in Earth and Planetary Science that focused on *** main goal of the series is to organize in-depth discussion by scientists working on ionospheric irregularities,and solve the scientific challenges in EPB and ionospheric scintillation *** 2 nd EPB workshop gathered almost 60 scientists from seven countries.A total of 20 invited and contributing papers focusing on ionospheric irregularities and scintillations were *** we briefly comment on 10 papers included in this special issue.

关键词： equatorial plasma bubble ionospheric irregularity and scintillation plasma instability 2nd EPB workshop

On the solar activity dependence of midnight equatorial plasma bubbles during June solstice periods

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2021年第5期5卷 378-386页

作者： K.K.Ajith S.tulasi ram guoZhu Li M.Yamamoto K.Hozumi C.Y.Yatini P.Supnithi Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Indian Institute of geomagnetism MumbaiIndia Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere Kyoto UniversityUjiJapan National Institute of Information and Communications Technology TokyoJapan Space Science Center Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and SpaceIndonesia School of Engineering King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology LadkrabangChalongkrung RdLadkrabang10520 BangkokThailand

The occurrence of midnight Equatorial Plasma Bubbles(EPBs)during the June solstice period of the ascending phase of solar cycle 24,from 2010 to 2014,was studied using data from the 47 MHz Equatorial Atmosphere Radar(EAR)at Kototabang,*** analysis shows that the occurrence of midnight hour EPBs was at its maximum during the low solar activity year 2010 and monotonically decreased thereafter with increasing solar *** of the dependence of midnight hour EPB occurrence on solar activity were investigated using SAMI2 model simulation with a realistic input of E×B drift velocity data obtained from the CINDI-IVM onboard the C/NOFS *** obtained from term-by-term analysis of the flux tube integrated linear growth rate of RT instability indicate that the formation of a high flux tube electron content height gradient(steep vertical gradient)region at higher altitudes,due to the elevated F layer,is the key factor enhancing the growth rate of RT instability during low solar activity June *** factors are discussed in light of the relatively weak westward zonal electric field in the presence of the equatorward neutral wind and north-to-south transequatorial wind around the midnight hours of low solar activity June *** discussed are the initial seeding of RT instability by MSTIDs and how the threshold height required for EPB development varies with solar activity.

关键词： equatorial plasma bubbles equatorial ionosphere ionospheric instabilities and irregularities

Planetary-Scale Wave Structures of the Earth's Atmosphere Revealed from the COSMIC Observations

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2014年第2期28卷 281-295页

作者： S.K.A.V.Prasad Rao ANISETTY P.S.BRAHMANANDAM g.UMA A.Narendra BABU 黄清勇 g.Anil KUMAR S.tulasi ram 王筱岚朱延祥 Department of Atmospheric Sciences National Central University Institute of Space Science National Central University Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Koneru Lakshmmaih University Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Lakkireddy Bali Reddy Engineering College Department of Physics K L University Indian Institute of geomagnetism

gPS radio occultation（gPS RO） method,an active satellite-to-satellite remote sensing technique,is capable of producing accurate,all-weather,round the clock,global refractive index,density,pressure,and temperature profiles of the troposphere and *** study presents planetary-scale equatorially trapped Kelvin waves in temperature profiles retrieved using COSMIC（Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere,and Climate） satellites during 2006-2009 and their interactions with background atmospheric *** is found that the Kelvin waves are not only associated with wave periods of higher than 10 days（slow Kelvin waves） with higher zonal wave numbers（either 1 or 2）,but also possessing downward phase progression,giving evidence that the source regions of them are located at lower altitudes.A thorough verification of outgoing longwave radiation（OLR） reveals that deep convection activity has developed regularly over the Indonesian region,suggesting that the Kelvin waves are driven by the convective *** derived Kelvin waves show enhanced（diminished） tendencies during westward（eastward） phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation（QBO） in zonal winds,implying a mutual relation between both of *** El Nino and Southern Oscillation（ENSO） below 18 km and the QBO features between 18 and 27km in temperature profiles are observed during May 2006-May 2010 with the help of an adaptive data analysis technique known as Hilbert Huang Transform（HHT）.Further,temperature anomalies computed using COSMIC retrieved temperatures are critically evaluated during different phases of ENSO,which has revealed interesting results and are discussed in light of available literature.

关键词： radio occultation technique Kelvin waves outgoing long-wave radiation(OLR) quasi-biennial oscillation(QBO) El Nino and Southern Oscillation(ENSO)

A generalized Array Factor for Time-Modulated Hexagonal Based Antenna Array geometry With Novel Trapezoidal Switching

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第9期11卷 1967-1972页

作者： gopi ram Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of TechnologyWarangal 506004India

The concept of the time-modulated array has been emerging as an alternative to the complex phase shifters,which lowers the cost of the array feeding network due to the utilization of radio frequency(RF)*** various forms of hexagonal antenna array geometries can be used for applications like surveillance tracking in phased array radar and wireless communication *** work proposes the generalized array factor(AF)for the hexagonal antenna array geometry based on time *** time modulation in generalized hexagonal geometry can maintain the fixed static amplitude excitation,giving more flexibility over ***,a novel trapezoidal switching function is also proposed and applied to the generalized array factor to enable future researchers to use this array factor in the field of advancement to observe how switching schemes like trapezoidal and rectangular affect the array pattern's side lobe level(SLL).The generalized equation can be utilized for the analysis and synthesis of radiation characteristics of the time-modulated hexagonal array(TMHA),time-modulated concentric hexagonal array(TMCHA),time-modulated hexagonal cylindrical array(TMHCA),and time-modulated hexagonal concentric cylindrical array(TMHCCA).The numerical result illustrates the generation of AF of time-modulated hexagonal structures and also shows that the trapezoidal switching sequence outperforms the rectangular switch using the cat swarm optimization(CSO)approach.

关键词： Hexagonal array geometry radiation pattern time-modulation trapezoidal pulse

Third time re-irradiation of liver metastasis with robotic radiosurgery: a case series

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Hepatoma Research 2019年第7期5卷 1-8页

作者： Debnarayan Dutta Sathiya Krishnamoorthy Rupa das ram Madhavan Haridas Nair RaghavendraHolla Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre KochiKerala 682041India Department of Radiation Oncology Global HospitalChennai 600035India

Re-irradiation(Re-RT)in liver tumours is rarely reported owing to poor tolerance of liver and high incidence of radiation induced liver disease *** based robotic radiosurgery allows to deliver high dose radiation to the liver tumour and restricts the dose to healthy uninvolved liver,thereby increasing the potential for *** to radiation is low for entire liver and hence re-radiation is a *** the other hand,as regenerative potential of hepatocytes is rapid,replacement of necrotic liver tissue occurs with regenerated *** regenerated hepatocytes are radiation na?ve,do not have"memory"of radation therapy treatment and hence have potential of *** are reporting a series of two breast cancer patients presented with liver oligometastasis treated with fiducial based CyberKnife system(CK).Both the patients were treated multiple times with CK and had long-term survival(>2 years)without any clinical features of radiation induced liver *** selected patients are suitable for multiple sessions of CK for liver lesions with long-term outcome.

关键词： Liver lesions re-radiation robotic radiosurgery

Exploring the benefits of biochar over other organic amendments for reducing of metal toxicity in Withania somnifera

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Biochar 2019年第3期1卷 293-307页

作者： Nidhi Nigam Vineet Yadav Puja Khare Raghuvendra Pratap Singh Paurabi das Karuna Shanker ram Suresh Sharma Agronomy and Soil Science Division CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic PlantsP.O.-CIMAPNear Kukrail Picnic SpotLucknow 226015India Analytical Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic PlantsLucknow 226015India Technology and Business Development Division CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic PlantsLucknow 226015India

Biochar is considered as a good metal sequester and ameliorates the metal toxicity and uptake in ***,its effec-tiveness over other organic amendments is not well *** aim of this study is to compare the biochar amendments alleviating the levels of Pb and Cd in Withania somnifera *** with other organic *** manure,vermicom-post,and biochar were applied in the field spiked with highly available Pb and *** bioavailability and accumulation,plant growth and plant physiology,antioxidant enzymes and metabolite content of *** along with soil properties were evaluated in all *** indicates that the application of organic manures significantly alleviated the metal levels(33-72%)in the plant in comparison with *** herbage yield was significantly higher(33-69%)under different organic manures as compared to the metal *** metabolite contents and antioxidant enzymes were higher in metal treatments in comparison with *** manures were not only able to restrain the Pb and Cd in soil but also enhanced the soil microbial *** indicate that biochar amendments were more promising than farmyard manure and vermicompost due to the presence of more stable carbon in biochar and more alleviation in metal *** addition,net profit in the cultivation of *** was higher for biochar amendments(50%higher)compared to *** study recommended that biochar could be a better option for commercial and safer production of ***.

关键词： Toxic metals Withania somnifera Biochar Phytotoxicity

Bianchi Type-Ⅱ Inflationary Models with Stiff Matter and Decaying Cosmological Term

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Chinese Physics Letters 2014年第7期31卷 27-31页

作者： Shri ram, Priyanka Department of Mathematical Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221 005 India

We deal with Einstein＇s field equations with a time-decaying cosmological term of the forms （i） ∧=β（a/a）＋ α/a62 and （ii）∧ = α/a^2, where a is the average scale factor of the universe, α and β are constants for a spatially homogeneous and anisotropic LRS Bianchi type-Ⅱ spacetime. Exact solutions of the field equations for stiff matter are obtained by applying a special law of variation for the Hubble parameter. Anisotropic cosmological models are presented with a constant negative deceleration parameter which corresponds to the accelerated phase of the present universe. The cosmological constant A is obtained as a decreasing function of time that is approaching a small positive value at the present epoch, which is corroborated by the consequences from recent supernovae Ia observations. The physical and kinematical behaviors of the models are also discussed.

关键词： INFLATIONARY universe BIANCHI groups PARTICLE decays COSMOLOgY MATHEMATICAL models SPACE & time HUBBLE constant

Effect of heavy metals and phenol on bacterial decolourisation and COD reduction of sucrose-aspartic acid Maillard product

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第1期25卷 172-180页

作者： Sangeeta Yadav ram Chandra Department of Environmental Microbiology School for Environmental SciencesBabasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University)

Melanodins are amino-carbonyl complex, predominantly present in sugarcane molasses based distillery wastewater as major source of colourant. The microbial decolourisafion of melanoidin is a challenge due to its binding property with other co-pollutants of distillery waste. Results revealed that the presence of Zn2＋（2.00-20.00 mg/L） in melanoidin solution （1200 mg/L） stimulated the bacterial growth and sucrose-aspartic acid Maillard product （SAA） decolourisation as compared to control, while Fe3＋ and Mn2＋ at the same concentration inhibited the process. However, the presence of phenol （100 mg/L） along with Zn2＋, Fe3＋ and Mn2＋ suppressed the bacterial growth, SAA decolourisation and MnP activity. The shrinkage and reduced number of bacterial cell count at higher concentration of heavy metals in presence of phenol was also observed under scanning electron microscope.

关键词： degradation manganese peroxidase melanoidin