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The Introduction of Bedaquiline Regimen for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the Philippines: An Operational Study

Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2022年第4期10卷 205-219页

作者： Vincent M. Balanag Jr. Vivian S. Lofranco Mariquita J. Mantala Mary Rosary T. Santiago Patrice Jamie E. Cabasis Arnyl g. Araneta Anna Marie Celina g. garfin Lung Center of the Philippines National Center for Pulmonary Research Quezon Philippines Department of Health National Tuberculosis Control Program Management Office Manila Philippines Philippine Business for Social Progress The Global Fund Project Manila Philippines Department of Health Disease Prevention and Control Bureau Manila Philippines

Objectives: Bedaquiline (BDQ) is the first new anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug introduced to the market after 45 years. Recent studies have shown the potential benefits of adding bedaquiline to regimens for drug-resistant TB (DR-TB). In search of more effective regimens for DR-TB, bedaquiline was introduced in the TB program in the Philippines under operational research to assess its effectiveness, safety, and tolerability when given with background regimens among patients with multi-or extensively DR-TB (MDR/XDR-TB). Design: A prospective cohort study of patients with MDR/XDR-TB was given with a bedaquiline-containing regimen from June 2016 to May 2017. Demographic data, presence of comorbidities, and microbiologic profile on entry were recorded. Bedaquiline was administered at the recommended dose of 400 mg once daily for 14 days, then 200 mg three times a week for 22 weeks together with World Health Organization (WHO)-compliant background regimen. The time to culture conversion, interim outcomes at the 6th month of treatment, end-of-treatment outcomes, and post-treatment follow-up outcomes after one year was determined. The frequency and severity of adverse events (SAE) were recorded as part of pharmacovigilance. Results: Seventy-five patients were given with bedaquiline-containing regimen during the study period. Forty-two (56.0%) had second-line injectable resistance, 23 (30.7%) had fluoroquinolone-resistance, 6 (8.0%) had MDR-TB, and 4 (5.3%) had XDR-TB. In the 6th month of post-enrolment, 79% were culture-negative. The treatment success rate was 65.3% (37 were cured and 12 completed treatment), 7 (9.3%) died, 17 (22.7%) lost to follow-up, and 2 (2.7%) were withdrawn from treatment. Adverse events included vomiting (80%), dizziness (69%), nausea (52%), cough (44%), and headache (36%). The post-treatment follow-up of 49 patients in the 12th month showed 92% were culture-negative while 8% of TBC were not done. Conclusion: Bedaquiline-containing regimens for patients

关键词： Bedaquiline Drug-Resistant TB XDR-TB

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Formability of friction stir processed low carbon steels used in shipbuilding

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2018年第1期34卷 237-244页

作者： D.M. Sekban S.M. Akterer O. Saray Z.Y. Ma g. Purcek Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering Karadeniz Technical University Trahzon Turkey Department of Autumotive Technology RecepTayyip Erdogan University Rize Turkey Department of Mechanical Engineering Bursa Technical University. Bursa Turkey Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China Department of Mechanical Engineering. Karadeniz Technical University Trabzon Turkey Engineering Faculty Giresun University Giresun Turkey

The stretch formability of a low carbon steel processed by friction stir processing （FSP） was studied under biaxial loading condition applied by a miniaturized Erichsen test. One-pass FSP decreased the ferritic grain size in the processed zone from 25 μm to about 3 μm, which also caused a remarkable increase in strength values without considerable decrease in formability under uniaxial loading. A coarse-grained （Cg） sample before FSP reflected a moderate formability with an Erichsen index （EI） of 2.73 mm. FSP slightly decreased the stretch formability of the sample to 2.66 ram. However, FSP increased the required punch load （FEI） due to the increased strength by grain refinement. FSP reduced considerably the roughness of the free surface of the biaxial stretched samples with reduced orange peel effect. The average roughness value （Ra） decreased from 2.90 in the Cg sample down to about 0.65 μm in fine-grained （Fg） sample after FSP. It can be concluded that the Fg microstructure in low carbon steels sheets or plates used generally in shipbuilding provides a good balance between strength and formability.

关键词： Friction stir processing Low carbon shipbuilding steel Formability Microstructure Mechanical properties

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CompactPCI/Linux Platform in FTU Slow Control System

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Plasma Science and Technology 2004年第6期6卷 2535-2540页

作者： F.Iannone L.Wang C.Centioli M.Panella g.Mazza V.Vitale AssociazioneEuratom／ENEAsullaFusione CentroRicercheFrascati00044FrascatiItaly InstituteofPlasmaPhysics ChineseAcademyofSciencesHefei230031China

In large fusion experiments, such as tokamak devices, there is a common trendfor slow control systems. Because of complexity of the plants, the so-called 'Standard Model' (SM)in slow control has been adopted on several tokamak machines. This model is based on a three-levelhierarchical control: 1) High-Level Control (HLC) with a supervisory function; 2) Medium-LevelControl (MLC) to interface and concentrate I/O field equipments; 3) Low-Level Control (LLC) withhard real-time I/O function, often managed by PLCs. FTU control system designed with SM concepts hasunderwent several stages of developments in its fifteen years duration of runs. The latestevolution was inevitable, due to the obsolescence of the MLC CPUs, based on VME-MOTOROLA 68030 withOS9 operating system. A large amount of C code was developed for that platform to route the dataflow from LLC, which is constituted by 24 Westinghouse Numalogic PC-700 PLCs with about 8000field-points, to HLC, based on a commercial Object-Oriented Real-Time database on Alpha/CompaqTru64platform. Therefore, we have to look for cost-effective solutions and finally a CompactPCI—Intelx86 platform with Linux operating system was chosen. A software porting has been done, taking intoaccount the differences between OS9 and Linux operating system in terms of Inter/Network ProcessesCommunications and I/O multi-ports serial driver. This paper describes the hardware/softwarearchitecture of the new MLC system, emphasizing the reliability and the low costs of the open sourcesolutions. Moreover, a huge amount of software packages available in open source environment willassure a less painful maintenance, and will open the way to further improvements of the systemitself.

关键词： compact PCI/linux control system tokamak

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Multi-dimensional, light-controlled switch of fluorescence resonance energy transfer based on orderly assembly of 0D dye@micro-micelles and 2D ultrathin-layered nanosheets

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Nano Research 2016年第12期9卷 3828-3838页

作者： Zhixiong Li Ruizheng Liang Simin Xu Wendi Liu Dongpeng Yan Min Wei David g. Evans Xue Duan State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer （FRET） systems have broad applications in visual detection, intelligent materials, and biological imaging, all of which favor the transmission of light through multiple dimensions and in diverse directions. Herein, we have demonstrated multi-dimensional （0D and 2D） FRET within a multi-layer ultrathin film （UTF） by employing a layer-by-layer （LBL） assembly technique. The anionic block copolymer micelle poly（tert-butyl acrylate- co-ethyl acrylate-co-methacrylic acid）（PTBEM） is chosen as a molecular carrier for the incorporation of bis（8-hydroxyquinolate） zinc （Znq2） and open-ring merocyanine （MC）（denoted as （Znq2/MC）@PTBEM）. Alternatively, electrostatic assembly is performed with cationic layered double hydroxide （LDH） nanosheets （denoted as [（Znq2/MC）@PTBEM/LDH]n）. This [（Znq2/MC）@PTBEM/ LDH]n system offers a multi-dimensional propagation medium and ensures that the FRET donor and acceptor are located within their F6rster radii in each direction. The system demonstrates a FRET process that can be switched via alternating ultraviolet/visible （UV/vis） irradiation, with tunable blue-green/red fluorescence, resulting in a FRET efficiency as high as 81.7%. It is expected that this assembly method, which uses 0D micelles on a 2D layered material, can be extended to other systems for further development of multi-dimensional FRET.

关键词： bis(8-hydroxyquinolate)zinc (Znq2) open-ring merocyanine layered double hydroxide layer-by-layerself-assembly multi-dimensionalfluorescence resonanceenergy transfer

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Oxypred:Prediction and Classification of Oxygen-Binding Proteins

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genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2007年第3期5卷 250-252页

作者： S.Muthukrishnan Aarti garg g.P.S.Raghava Institute of Microbial Technology Sector 39-AChandigarh 160036India.

This study describes a method for predicting and classifying oxygen-binding proteins. Firstly, support vector machine （SVM） modules were developed using amino acid composition and dipeptide composition for predicting oxygen-binding proteins, and achieved maximum accuracy of 85.5% and 87.8%, respectively. Secondly, an SVM module was developed based on amino acid composition, classifying the predicted oxygen-binding proteins into six classes with accuracy of 95.8%, 97.5%, 97.5%, 96.9%, 99.4%, and 96.0% for erythrocruorin, hemerythrin, hemocyanin, hemoglobin, leghemoglobin, and myoglobin proteins, respectively. Finally, an SVM module was developed using dipeptide composition for classifying the oxygen-binding proteins, and achieved maximum accuracy of 96.1%, 98.7%, 98.7%, 85.6%, 99.6%, and 93.3% for the above six classes, respectively. All modules were trained and tested by five-fold cross validation. Based on the above approach, a web server Oxypred was developed for predicting and classifying oxygen-binding proteins （available from http：//***/raghava/oxypred/）.

关键词： oxygen-binding proteins SVM modules hemoglobin web server prediction

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VgIchan:Prediction and Classification of Voltage-gated Ion Channels

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genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2006年第4期4卷 253-258页

作者： Sudipto Saha Jyoti Zack Balvinder Singh g.P.S.Raghava Institute of Microbial Technology Chandigarh 160036India.

This study describes methods for predicting and classifying voltage-gated ion channels. Firstly, a standard support vector machine （SVM） method was developed for predicting ion channels by using amino acid composition and dipeptide composition, with an accuracy of 82.89% and 85.56%, respectively. The accuracy of this SVM method was improved from 85.56% to 89.11% when combined with PSIBLAST similarity search. Then we developed an SVM method for classifying ion channels （potassium, sodium, calcium, and chloride） by using dipeptide composition and achieved an overall accuracy of 96.89%. We further achieved a classification accuracy of 97.78% by using a hybrid method that combines dipeptidebased SVM and hidden Markov model methods. A web server VgIchan has been developed for predicting and classifying voltage-gated ion channels using the above approaches. VgIchan is freely available at ***/raghava/vgichan/.

关键词： ion channels prediction VgIchan SVM HMM

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Ion population fraction calculations using improved screened hydrogenic model with l-splitting

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第10期27卷 424-432页

作者： Amjad Ali g Shabbir Naz Rukhsana Kouser ghazala Tasneem M Saleem Shahzad Aman-ur-Rehman M H Nasim Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics Pakistan Institute of Engineeringand Applied Sciences Department of Nuclear Engineering Pakistan Institute of Engineeringand Applied Sciences

Ion population fraction（IPF） calculations are very important to understand the radiative spectrum emitted from the hot dense matter. IPF calculations require detailed knowledge of all the ions and correlation interactions between the electrons of an ion which are present in a plasma environment. The average atom models, e.g., screened hydrogenic model with l-splitting（SHML）, now have the capabilities for such calculations and are becoming more popular for in line plasma calculations. In our previous work [Ali A, Shabbir Naz g, Shahzad M S, Kouser R, Rehman A and Nasim M H 2018 High Energy Density Phys. 26 48], we have improved the continuum lowering model and included the exchange and correlation effects in SHML. This study presents the calculation of IPF using classical theory of fluctuation for our improved screened hydrogenic model with l-splitting（I-SHML） under local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions for iron and aluminum plasma over a wide range of densities and temperatures. We have compared our results with other models and have found a very good agreement among them.

关键词： self-consistent average atom model average ionization state ion population

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Using machine learning to expound energy poverty in the global south:Understanding and predicting access to cooking with clean energy

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Energy and AI 2023年第4期14卷 426-438页

作者： M.D.Mukelabai K.g.U.Wijayantha R.E.Blanchard Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology(CREST) Wolfson School of MechanicalElectricaland Manufacturing EngineeringLoughborough UniversityEpinal WayLoughboroughLeicestershire LE113TUUK Centre for Renewable and Low-Carbon Energy Cranfield UniversityCollege RoadCranfieldBedfordshire MK430ALUK

Efforts towards achieving high access to cooking with clean energy have not been transformative due to a limited understanding of the clean-energy drivers and a lack of evidence-based clean-energy policy *** study addresses this gap by building a high-performing machine learning model to predict and understand the mechanisms driving energy poverty-specifically access to cooking with clean *** a first-of-a-kind,the estimated cost of US$14.5 trillion to enable universal access to cooking with clean energy encompasses all the intermediate inputs required to build self-sufficient ecosystems by creating value-addition *** pre-vious studies,the data-driven clean-cooking transition pathways provide foundations for shaping policy and building energy models that can transform the complex energy and cooking *** these path-ways is necessary to increase people’s financial resilience to tackle energy *** findings also show the absence of a linear relationship between electricity access and clean cooking-evidencing the need for a rapid paradigm shift to address energy poverty.A new fundamental approach that focuses on improving and sustaining the financial capacity of households through a systems approach is required so that they can afford electricity or fuels for cooking.

关键词： Energy modeling Artificial intelligence Explainable AI Developing world Hydrogen economy

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Upgraded role of autophagy in colorectal carcinomas

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World Journal of gastrointestinal Oncology 2018年第11期10卷 367-369页

作者： Evangelos Koustas Panagiotis Sarantis Athanassios g Papavassiliou Michalis V Karamouzis Division of Molecular Oncology Department of Biological Chemistry Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens

Autophagy is a basic catabolic process closely asso-ciated with degradation of cellular components. The role of autophagy in colorectal cancer(CRC) remains controversial. The mechanism of autophagy has been identified as protecting mechanism against tumorige-nesis by isolation of damaged organelles or as cytopro-tective provides energy in hypoxic regions of CRC tumors. Mutations in proto-oncogenes, such as RAS and BRAF, have been associated with autophagy initiation through signaling pathways of BRAF/MEK/ERK and PI3 K/AKT/m TOR. A combination therapy of chemotherapeutic agents and autophagy inhibitors such as hydroxychloroquine or immunotherapy might represent a major step that could be evaluated as a putative novel therapeutic strategy in CRC patients.

关键词： Autophagy Tumorigenesis Clinical trials Autophagy inhibitors Colorectal cancer

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"Commissural drop"wiring technique facilitates catheter crossing of severely stenotic aortic valve

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Chinese Medical Journal 2021年第2期134卷 245-246页

作者： Yu Du Paul Sorajja Miho Fukui go Hashimoto Aisha Ahmed Mario gössl Valve Science Center Minneapolis Heart Institute FoundationAbbott Northwestern HospitalMN 55407USA Department of Cardiology Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100029China

To the Editor:An 82-year-old man with symptomatic severe calcific aortic valve stenosis(peak velocity:5.19 m/s;mean gradient:78.0 mmHg;aortic valve area:0.48 cm2)underwent transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve *** the procedure,a 0.035-inch straight-tip glide wire(Terumo,Somerset,NJ,USA)supported by a 6 Fr Judkins Right 4(JR4)coronary catheter(Medtronic,Minneapolis,MN,USA)were used to cross the severely stenotic aortic ***,the JR4 catheter could not pass the aortic valve because the wire crossed the aortic valve in the left/right coronary commissure creating an unfavorable angle and limited pushability for the *** of switching to a differently shaped catheter(eg,an Amplatz left 1 catheter),we advanced the glide wire and therefore the more supportive portion of the wire further through the aortic ***,both wire and JR4 catheter dropped into the non/left coronary commissure,allowing the JR4 catheter to cross the valve ***,a 34 mm self-expanding Evolut R valve(Medtronic)was implanted,and the patient was discharged uneventfully(Figure 1A-E and Supplementary Video 1,http://***/CM9/A353["Commissural drop"wiring technique.]).

关键词： catheter valve Figure

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