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Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.Debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao frede.ic coulon Jill L.Edmondson David Fletcher Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main *** GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling ***,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future *** global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

Immobilization of Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 8826 ameliorates Citrobacter rodentium induced lesions and enhances the gut inflammatory response in C57BL/6 weanling mice

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2022年第1期4卷 447-458页

作者： Emmanuel Kyereh Diana coulon Ingeborg Langohr Anne Raggio Michael Keenan Subramaniam Sathivel School of Nutrition and Food Sciences Louisiana State University Agriculture Center220 H.D.Wilson LaboratoriesLSU Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLA 70803USA Bioassay Core Laboratory Agricultural CenterLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLAUSA Department of Pathobiological Sciences Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLAUSA Department of Biological and Agriculture Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLAUSA

Infectious diarrhea is a major cause of infant mortality in most developing countries. In this research, we evaluated the potential of immobilized Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 8826 on weanimix infant cereal and its effectiveness in reducing the severity of Citrobacter rodentium-induced diarrhea in weanling mice. Thirty-six C57BL/6 weanling mice were placed into four groups (n = 9 each;negative, positive, prevention and cure). Mice received either L. plantarum (109 CFU/g) immobilized on weanimix infant cereal 3 days before C. rodentium (109 CFU/ ml) infection (Prevention) or 3 days after C. rodentium infection (Cure). A positive control group was infected with C. rodentium only, while a nega-tive control group received neither L. plantarum nor C. rodentium. Positive control mice showed colonic mucosal and submucosal inflammation, erosion, and mucosal epithelia hyperplasia with the C. rodentium infection. Mice in the prevention and cure groups had less severe histologic alterations in the colon. Some beneficial effect of L. plantarum was observed in cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations, which stimulates water and electrolytes absorption to reduce diarrhea. Our findings demonstrated that L. plantarum NCIMB 8826 could be immobilized on weanimix infant cereal to help reduce diarrhea during weaning.

关键词： Probiotics Citrobacter rodentium Lactobacillus plantarum Inflammation Weanimix

Nanovolcano microelectrode arrays: toward long- term on-demand registration of transmembrane action potentials by controlled electroporation

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 578-589页

作者： Benoit X.E.Desbiolles Etienne de coulon Nicolas Maino Arnaud Bertsch Stephan Rohr Philippe Renaud Laboratory of Microsystems LMIS4 Ecole Polytechnique Federale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland Department of Physiology Laboratory of Cellular Optics IIUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland

Volcano-shaped microelectrodes(nanovolcanoes)functionalized with nanopatterned self-assembled monolayers have recently been demonstrated to report cardiomyocyte action potentials after gaining spontaneous intracellular *** nanovolcanoes exhibit recording characteristics similar to those of state-of-the-art micro-nanoelectrode arrays that use electroporation as an insertion *** this study,we investigated whether the use of electroporation improves the performance of nanovolcano arrays in terms of action potential amplitudes,recording durations,and *** with neonatal rat cardiomyocyte monolayers grown on nanovolcano arrays demonstrated that electroporation pulses with characteristics derived from analytical models increased the efficiency of nanovolcano recordings,as they enabled multiple on-demand registration of intracellular action potentials with amplitudes as high as 62 mV and parallel recordings in up to~76%of the available *** performance of nanovolcanoes showed no dependence on the presence of functionalized nanopatterns,indicating that the tip geometry itself is instrumental for establishing a tight seal at the cell–electrode interface,which ultimately determines the quality of ***,the use of electroporation permitted the recording of attenuated cardiomyocyte action potentials during consecutive days at identical sites,indicating that nanovolcano recordings are nondestructive and permit long-term on-demand recordings from excitable cardiac *** from demonstrating that less complex manufacturing processes can be used for next-generation nanovolcano arrays,the finding that the devices are suitable for performing on-demand recordings of electrical activity from multiple sites of excitable cardiac tissues over extended periods of time opens the possibility of using the devices not only in basic research but also in the context of comprehensive drug testing.

关键词： arrays recording action

Water balance prediction in stormwater infiltration basins using 2-D modeling:An application to evaluate the clogging process

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2018年第4期33卷 371-384页

作者： Patrice Cannavo Anas coulon Sylvain Charpentier Béatrice Béchet Laure Vidal-Beaudet Agrocampus Ouest Institute for Research on Urban Sciences and Techniques (IRSTV) Research Unit Environmental Physics and Horticulture Research(EPHor) Bretagne Loire University French Institute of Science and Technology for Transport Development and Networks (IFSTTAR) IRSTV Geotechnical engineeringEnvironment Natural hazards and Earth sciences Department (GERS) Water and Environment Laboratory (LEE)

Sustainable urban drainage systems are built along roads and in urban areas to collect urban runoff and avoid flooding, and to filter water pollutants. Sediment collected by runoff is deposited in the stormwater basin and progressively reduces water infiltration efficiency, leading to the clogging of the basin. To help stormwater basin managers and stakeholders better understand and predict clogging rates in order to elaborate maintenance plans and schedules, water transport prediction models are necessary. However,because of the heterogeneous sediment hydrodynamic properties inside the stormwater basin, a twodimensional(2-D) water flow model is required to predict water levels and possible overflow as accurately as possible. Saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ks) and sediment water retention curves were measured in the overall sediment layer of the stormwater basin, in addition to sediment layer thickness and organic matter content(11 sampling points). Sediment depth was used to predict organic matter(OM) content, and the OM was used to predict Ks. Water height in the basin was modeled with the HYDRUS-2 D model by taking into account the sediment hydrodynamic properties distribution. The HYDRUS-2 D model gave a satisfactory representation of the measured data. Scenarios of the hydraulic properties of stormwater basin sediment were tested over time, and hydraulic resistance, R, was calculated to assess the stormwater basin performance. Presently, after 20 years of functioning, the stormwater basin still ensures efficient water infiltration, but the first outflow(Hydraulic resistance,R > 24 h)) is expected to appear in the next 5 years, and clogging(R > 47 h) in the next 13 years. This 2-D water balance model makes it possible to integrate the hydrodynamic heterogeneity of a stormwater basin. It gives interesting perspectives to better predict 2-D/3-D contaminant transport.

关键词： 2-D water transport Hydraulic conductivity Sediment water retention Stormwater basin efficiency

Solid state anaerobic digestion of water poor feedstock for methane yield:an overview of process characteristics and challenges

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2021年第3期3卷 227-245页

作者： Kunwar Paritosh Vinod Kumar Nidhi Pareek Dinabandhu Sahoo Yadira Bajon Fernandez frede.ic coulon Tanja Radu Nupur Kesharwani Vivekanand Vivekanand Centre for Energy and Environment Malaviya National Institute of TechnologyJaipurRajasthan 302017India School of Water Energy and EnvironmentCranfield UniversityCranfield MK430 ALUK Department of Microbiology School of Life SciencesCentral University of Rajasthan BandarsindriKishangarhAjmerRajasthan 305801India Department of Botany University of DelhiDelhi 110007India School of Architecture Building and Civil EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughborough LE113TUUK Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of TechnologyRaipurChhattisgarh 492010India

Solid state anaerobic digestion(SSAD)of water poor feedstock may be a promising technology for energy *** having high solid concentration like lignocellulosic biomass,crop residues,forestry waste and organic fraction of municipal waste may be the appropriate feedstock for its biochemical conversion into energy carries like biomethane through *** to liquid state anaerobic digestion(LSAD),SSAD can handle higher organic loading rates(OLR),requires less water and smaller reactor volume and may have lower energy demand for heating or stirring and higher volumetric methane *** these,pathogen inactivation may also be achieved in SSAD of biodegradable *** 60%of recently built AD systems have adopted SSAD ***,the process stability of an SSAD system may have several constraints like limited mass transfer,process inhibitors and selection of digester type and should be addressed prior to the implementation of SSAD *** this article,a comprehensive overview of the key aspects influencing the performance of SSAD is discussed along with the need for mathematical modelling *** to this,reactor configuration for SSAD and digestate management requirement and practice for solid-state condition are reviewed for a better insight of SSAD technology.

关键词： Solid state anaerobic digestion Clean energy Mathematical modelling Digestate management Biogas Biomass

Overcoming the limitations of 3D sensors with wide field of view metasurface-enhanced scanning lidar

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Advanced Photonics 2023年第4期5卷 51-65页

作者： Emil Marinov Renato Juliano Martins Mohamed Aziz Ben Youssef Christina Kyrou Pierre-Marie coulon Patrice Genevet Universite Cote d’Azur CNRSCRHEAValbonneFrance

Lidar, a technology at the heart of autonomous driving and robotic mobility, performs 3D imaging ofa complex scene by measuring the time of flight of returning light pulses. Many technological challenges,including enhancement of the observation field of view (FoV), acceleration of the imaging frame rate,improvement of the ambiguity range, reduction of fabrication cost, and component size, must besimultaneously addressed so that lidar technology reaches the performance needed to strongly impact theglobal market. We propose an innovative solution to address the problem of wide FoV and extendedunambiguous range using an acousto-optic modulator that rapidly scans a large-area metasurface *** further exploit a multiplexing illumination technique traditionally deployed in the context of telecommu-nication theory to extend the ambiguity range and to drastically improve the signal-to-noise ratio of themeasured signal. Compacting our metasurface-scanning lidar system to chip-scale dimension would opennew and exciting perspectives, eventually relevant to the autonomous vehicles and robotic industries.

关键词： light detection and ranging metasurfaces beam steering code division multiple access

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大型汽轮机叶轮钢材的断裂力学试验和金属试验

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华东电力 1979年第S2期 42-55页

作者： A.coulon 电力部核电局阿尔斯通一大西洋公司

引言由于核电站的大容量汽轮机低压转子的尺寸较大(轮毂直径为3米,长12米,重量接近160吨),因此,其低压转子不能做成整体结构,即不能由一个单独的锻件制成。由阿尔斯通——大西洋公司所发展的工艺是:将预先加工好的嵌装叶片用的叶轮红套... 详细信息

引言由于核电站的大容量汽轮机低压转子的尺寸较大(轮毂直径为3米,长12米,重量接近160吨),因此,其低压转子不能做成整体结构,即不能由一个单独的锻件制成。由阿尔斯通——大西洋公司所发展的工艺是:将预先加工好的嵌装叶片用的叶轮红套在已经加工好的主轴上。这些叶轮——其数量一般与叶片级数(或“动叶级”)相同——是一

关键词：钢锭汽轮机叶轮钢材脆化冲击韧性冲击韧度断裂力学裂纹力学

Redevelopment of urban brownfield sites in China:Motivation,history,policies and improved management

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Eco-Environment & Health 2022年第2期1卷 63-72页

作者： Yiming Sun Hong Li Shuo Lei Kirk TSemple frede.ic coulon Qing Hu Jingyang Gao Guanlin Guo Qingbao Gu Kevin C.Jones State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences100012BeijingPR China Lancaster Environment Centre(LEC) Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Library AvenueBailriggLancaster LA14APUK State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences100012BeijingPR China School of Water Energy and EnvironmentCranfield UniversityMK430ALUK Southern University of Science and Technology 518055ShenzhenGuangdongPR China Beijing Huanding Environmental Big Data Institute 100083BeijingPR China Technical Centre for Soil Agricultural and Rural Ecology and EnvironmentMinistry of Ecology and Environment100012BeijingPR China

Rapid urbanisation in China has resulted in an increased demand for land in towns and *** upgrade and modernise,China has also moved many major industries from urban centres to less populated *** the high economic value of urban land,the transformation and utilisation of brownfield areas have become important economically and *** Chinese government has recognised the need for strong frameworks to safeguard soil and groundwater quality,with brownfield sites a key category for *** scientific,regulatory and decision-making frameworks are needed and being adopted to ensure practical,careful and wise use of central and localised government resources,to manage the reuse and regeneration of these brownfield *** paper reviews the context,policies and management procedures of developing brownfield sites in countries with a history of brownfield management and discusses China’s current situation and priorities for brownfield governance and *** include(1)clarification of brownfield site soil contamination risk control standards and risk assessment procedures,(2)the responsibilities of different national and local agencies,(3)the establishment of a national expert committee to advise on best practices,policy and process,(4)the use of registered brownfield databases at national,provincial,municipal and county levels,and(5)the set up of soil pollution prevention fund at the provincial level.

关键词： Brownfield Urban soils Management China USA UK

Preliminary Characterizations of a Carbohydrate from the Concentrated Culture Filtrate from <i>Fusarium solani</i>and Its Role in Benzo[a]Pyrene Solubilization

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Advances in Microbiology 2012年第3期2卷 375-381页

作者： Etienne Veignie Evgeny Vinogradov Irina Sadovskaya Charlène coulon Catherine Rafin Institute for Biological Sciences National Research Council of Canada Ottawa Canada Univ Lille Nord de France Lille France

In order to investigate the mechanism of benzo[a]pyrene uptake by a filamentous fungus Fusarium solani, a biochemical characterization of its concentrated culture filtrate has been conducted. The preparation contained approximately (w/w): 50% of total carbohydrate, 6.5% of uronic acid and 6% protein, as determined by colorimetric tests. Gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatographic profiles indicated that the main product of the culture filtrate was a glycoprotein, which contained mannose, glucose and galactose in an approximate molar ratio of 1.5: 0.8: 1. The polysaccharide fraction of the culture filtrate was prepared by treatment with proteinase K, followed by gel-filtration chromatography. Its chemical structure was studied by methylation analysis, gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The major carbohydrate was a polymer of β-(1 → 6)-linked galactofuranose units fully branched at positions O-2 by single residues of α-glucopyranose. The Fusarium concentrated culture filtrate increased 4-fold the BaP solubilization in comparison with its aqueous solubility and suggested that the carbohydrate present in this filtrate should probably be involved in this enhancement. Our findings point out the potential role of fungal glycoproteins in PAH microbial bioavaibility, an important step for PAH biodegradation.

关键词： Fusarium solani Benzo[a]Pyrene Polysaccharides Glycoprotein Nuclear Magnetic Resonance