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first steps in reconstructing Early Jurassic sea water temperatures in the Andean Basin of northern Chile based on stable isotope analyses of oyster and brachiopod shells

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2020年第1期9卷 71-87页

作者： Matthias Alberti franz t.fürsich Nils Andersen Institut.für Geowissenschaften Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu KielLudewig-Meyn-Straβe 1024118 KielGermany GeoZentrum Nordbayern Fachgruppe PalaoUmweltFriedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-NürnbergLoewenichstraβe 2891054 ErlangenGermany Leibniz Laboratory for Radiometric Dating and Stable Isotope Research Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu KielMax-Eyth-Straβe 1124118 KielGermany

the stable isotope(δ13 C,δ18 O)composition of a collection of Lower Jurassic brachiopods and oysters from the Andean Basin of northern Chile was *** results allow the first reconstruction of absolute water temperatures for several ammonite zones in the Lower Jurassic of South *** temperature record starts with comparatively high values in the Late Sinemurian(average:27.0℃;Raricostatum Zone).Just before the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian transition,temperatures dropped to an average of 24.3℃.the lowest temperature value in the dataset was recorded for a brachiopod shell of the latest Pliensbachian Spinatum Zone(19.6℃).No data are available for the Early toarcian,but results for the late toarcian show again comparatively warm conditions(average:24.4℃;thouarsense–Levesquei zones).Even though more material and analyses are necessary to corroborate the recorded temperatures,the present dataset seems to indicate the global nature of the Late Pliensbachian Cooling *** contrast,the global warming during the toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event has not been recorded due to a lack of Early toarcian ***δ13 C record of brachiopods and oysters documents a gradual increase in values representing background *** shells were used for high-resolution stable isotope analyses and show seasonal temperature fluctuations over a period of around 3 years in the life time of the *** explained only by temperatures,theδ18 O values point to a minimum estimate for the seasonality in the late toarcian of slightly more than 3℃.

关键词： Early Jurassic Chile Stable isotopes Palaeoclimate Water temperatures Seasonality

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facies analysis and palaeoecology of the Jurassic Spiti Shale formation in the Spiti area,Northern India

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2021年第4期10卷 438-462页

作者： franz t.fürsich Matthias Alberti Dhirendra K.Pandey Ketan Chaskar Suraj Bhosale fG Palaoumwelt GeoZentrum Nordbayern der Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-NürnbergLoewenichstrasse 2891054ErlangenGermany State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringCentre for Research and Education on Biological Evolution and Environment and Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material CyclingNanjing210023China Department of Geology Under the School of EarthBiological and Environmental ScienceCentral University of South BiharSH 7Gaya-Panchanpur RoadVillage KarharaPost FatehpurGaya824236BiharIndia Department of Earth and Environmental Science K.S.K.V.Kachchh UniversityBhuj370001India

the Spiti Shale formation is a widely distributed stratigraphic unit of the passive northern margin of the Indian craton,deposited between the Callovian and earliest *** siliciclastic strata are dominated by dark-grey to black argillaceous *** the formation has undergone intense tectonic stress involving folding and faulting,it is very difficult to document a complete *** the type area,the Spiti Valley,six sections have been measured that document parts of the three informal members of the formation,the Lower,Middle,and Upper *** its uniform appearance,eight.facies/biofacies types could be distinguished,ranging from the anoxic shale facies,with ammonites and belemnites as the only faunal elements,to the dysoxic Malayomaorica and Bositra biofacies,and the oxic to anoxic offshore shelf facies,which are characterized by low-diversity macrobenthos *** facies are the condensed glauconiticphosphoritic mudrock facies and the fe-oolitic siltstone facies(both characterized by sediment starvation),the aerated argillaceous silt-sandstone facies,and the tide-influenced nearshore shelf *** benthic macrofauna represents four bivalve-dominated associations all characterized by a very low to low species *** are the Bositra buchii,the Australobuchia spitiensis,the Palaeonucula cuneiformis-Pruvostiella hermanni-Indogrammatodon egertonianus,and the Malayomaorica sp.-Australobuchia spitiensis-Retroceramus haasti *** and macrobenthic associations indicate that the Spiti Shale formation represents outer to inner shelf environments,which for much of the time were subjected to upwelling and anoxic to dysoxic *** shallowing at the top characterizes the transition to the overlying Lower Cretaceous Giumal formation.

关键词： Jurassic palaeoenvironments Biofacies Macrobenthic communities Black shales Deoxygenation Upwelling Himalayan mountains

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Recurrent hardgrounds and their significance for intra-basinal correlations:a case study of upper Bathonian rocks from the western margin of the Indian craton

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2019年第1期8卷 19-30页

作者： Dhirendra K.Pandey franz t.fürsich Matthias Alberti Jitendra K.Sharma Narendra Swami Earth and Planetary Sciences Group Manipal Center for Natural SciencesCentre of Excellence Dr. TMA Pai Planetarium Building Manipal Academy of Higher Education fG Pal?oumwelt GeoZentrum Nordbayern Friedrich-Alexander Universit?t Erlangen-Nürnberg Institut.für Geowissenschaften Christian-Albrechts-Universit?t zu Kiel Department of Geology University of Rajasthan Himalayan Geology Division Geological Survey of India Northern Region

A set of two to three prominent hardgrounds can be traced for more than 40 km from east to west within the Jurassic succession of the Jaisalmer Basin at the western margin of the Indian Craton. the hardgrounds started to form under subtidal conditions in a mixed carbonate–siliciclastic setting during the last phase of a transgressive systems tract, i.e. the maximum flooding zone. the age difference between the hardgrounds is very small, but they differ lithologically. typically, the stratigraphically oldest hardground occurs at the top of a 1-m-thick calcareous sandstone. It is characterized by a spectacular megaripple surface encrusted with oysters and subsequently occasionally bored by bivalves. the hardground is overlain by 10–25 cm of biowackestone to biopackstone, at the top of which another hardground is developed. this second hardground is characterized by abundant bivalve(Gastrochaenolites isp.) and "worm" borings(trypanites and Meandropolydora isp.) and occasional oyster encrustations. the third hardground can be found within the overlying 60-cm-thick, bioturbated, fossiliferous silty marly packstone. It shows common to abundant oyster encrustations and occasional borings together with reworked concretions. the individual hardground can be well recognized throughout the basin based on lithology and biotic components. the second hardground(biowackestone to biopackstone) with abundant bivalve and worm borings is most prominent and widespread. Lithostratigraphically, these three hardground surfaces belong to the uppermost part of the Bada Bag Member of the Jaisalmer formation. Based on ammonites, such as Perisphinctes congener(Waagen), brachiopods, and corals, this interval of the Bada Bag Member has been assigned a late Bathonian age. the entire succession above the first hardground is bioturbated up to the overlying marly silt of the Kuldhar Member of the Jaisalmer formation, which is already Callovian in age. the characteristic hardground lithologies, toget

关键词： Hardgrounds Stratigraphy Palaeoenvironment Jurassic Jaisalmer Basin

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Hydroclimate changes related to thermal state of the tropical Pacific in the northern coast of the South China Sea since~8000 cal yr B.P.

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2022年第3期11卷 410-426页

作者： Yue-Qin Wu Xiao-Qiang Yang Jian Yin franz tfürsich ting-Wei Zhang Chun-Lian Liu Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geodynamics and Geohazards School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringSun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082Guangdong ProvinceChina Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082Guangdong ProvinceChina fG Paläoumwelt GeoZentrum Nordbayern der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen 91054Germany

Under the complex influences including the monsoonal climates and tropical hydrological cycle,the features and forcing mechanisms of precipitation changes in the tropical monsoon regions remain *** northern coast of the South China Sea(NCSCS),connecting the South China Sea(SCS)and the Pearl River Estuary(PRE),is a critical area providing reliable tropical precipitation records and probing the possible forcing mechanism of tropical precipitation,benefitted from its high deposition rate and hydroclimatic ***,δ^(18)O variations of planktonic(δ^(18)O_(G).ruber)and benthic foraminifera(δ^(18)O_(C).lobatulus)were investigated respectively to reconstruct a high-resolution low-latitude precipitation record from the core 17NH-NC3 in the *** results show a distinctδ^(18)O difference betweenδ^(18)O_(G).ruber andδ^(18)O_(C).lobatulus,not only with respect to values,but also with respect to trends in some time *** clear difference between the planktonic and benthic foraminifera(Δδ^(18)O_(b-p))illustrates the significant vertical salinity *** the temporal trend ofΔδ^(18)O_(b-p) indicates the degree of salinity strat.fication variated since the *** assume that the degree of strat.fication in the NCSCS was mainly controlled by tropical precipitation ***,the trend ofΔδ^(18)O_(b-p) values could indicate the temporal change of the tropical *** precipitation record of our research area is closely related to the tropical atmosphere–ocean dynamics stimulated by sea surface temperature(SSt)changes of the tropical Pacific zone,analogous to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation(ENSO)*** the mid-Holocene(from 8260 to 5180 cal yr B.P.),the sustainable higherΔδ^(18)O_(b-p) values(>1.23‰)suggested a large amount of precipitation,pointing to a sustained state of La Niña-like,which is associated with lasted higher difference between Western SSt and Eastern SSt(W-E SSt gradient)in the equatorial Pacif

关键词： Stable oxygen isotope Globigerinoides ruber Cibicides lobatulus Low-latitude precipitation ENSO Mid-Holocene

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珠江三角洲晚第四纪环境演变的微体生物记录

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古脊椎动物学报 2007年第2期45卷 161-172页

作者：董艺辛刘春莲阴家润杨小强 franz t.frsich 高芳蕾中山大学地球科学系广州510275 中国地质大学地质系北京100083 德国维尔兹堡大学古生物研究所维尔兹堡97070

珠江三角洲是主要由西江、北江和东江在珠江口湾内堆积而成的复合三角洲,自晚更新世开始形成。微体生物是珠江河口三角洲晚第四纪沉积记录中的重要组分,是重建第四纪环境变化极为有效的指标。本文样品取自PD孔岩心,钻孔位于珠江三角洲中... 详细信息

珠江三角洲是主要由西江、北江和东江在珠江口湾内堆积而成的复合三角洲,自晚更新世开始形成。微体生物是珠江河口三角洲晚第四纪沉积记录中的重要组分,是重建第四纪环境变化极为有效的指标。本文样品取自PD孔岩心,钻孔位于珠江三角洲中部(113°28′35″E, 22°53′41″N),孔深16．7 m。代表约25 100年以来的沉积。PD孔中见有孔虫6属10种,其中以Ammonia beccani为优势种。根据地层分布特征,可识别3个有孔虫层位。介形类共7属9种,丰度较低,以Sinocytheridea impressa和Neomonoceratina delicata为代表,在5个层位相对富集。根据微体生物分布特征,并结合有机碳、氮以及磁化率数据,PD孔晚第四纪沉积可划分为6个沉积环境阶段。A．三角洲前缘阶段(-16．7～-13．5 m;25 100～24 000 aB．P．):岩性为粗砂、砂至砂质粉砂。主要含Ammonia属的4个种(***、***．、***、***),丰度均较低,其中Ammonia beccarii为优势种。不见适应于正常浅海的Elphidium属。介形类以滨岸类型Sinocytheridea impressa为主。出现少量双壳类。代表河口附近水深10 m以内软泥底质、受河流影响大、水体动荡的半咸水环境。有机碳含量和磁化率较低,同样指示低海平面时期的沉积。B．河口湾阶段(-13．5～-10．6 m;24 000～22 400 aB．P．):岩性为粘土质粉砂至粘土。前一阶段出现的Ammonia 4个种的丰度比较高,且出现浅海底栖分子Elphidium advenum和***,以及浮游有孔虫分子Globigerinoides sp．。介形类出现Bicornucythere leizhouensis、***、Alocopocythere goujoni、Pistocythereis bradyformis等适应水深较大的分子,而滨岸浅水分子较少。有机碳含量和磁化率相对升高。代表海平面相对较高时期的沉积。C．三角洲平原阶段(-10．6～-9．2 m;22 400～21 700 aB．P．):底部为一薄层花斑状风化粘土,表明曾短期露出水面。向上变为富含有机质的深灰色粉沙质粘土。不含微体生物和双壳类,反映不稳定的环境条件。由于海平面降低,磁化率表现为持续低值。有机碳和C/N比值很高,表明有丰富的陆源有机质输入,海洋影响较小。D．陆地风化阶段(-9．2～-7．4 m;21 700～3 700 aB．P．):岩性为1．6 m厚的杂色粘土,不含任何生物化石,有机碳含量极低,是长期强烈风化作用的产物,对应于末次冰盛期。E．潮坪沉积阶段(-7．4～-2．5 m;3 700～2 600 aB．P．):互层状深灰色粉沙质粘土、灰色粉沙和细沙,含广盐性有孔虫Ammonia beccarii和Arenoparrella asiatica,以及少量介形类,如Sinocytheridea impressa。典型的半咸水双壳类Potamocorbula amurensis较为丰富,另外还见藤壶和虫管碎片,指示盐度频繁波动的潮间带环境。f．上三角洲平原阶段(2 600 aB．P．以来):未见任何有孔虫和双壳类,顶部见少量陆相介形类Cypria yanchengensis,磁化率变化频繁,C/N比值较高,表明陆相影响不断增强,且环境条件不稳定。研究区晚第四纪古环境的演化是由海平面升降变化控制的。上述沉积环境变化序列表现出两次海进一海退旋回,分别对应阶段A至阶段D和阶段E至阶段f,相应于晚更新世和全新世的两次海平面上升事件。

关键词：珠江三角洲晚第四纪有孔虫介形类环境演化

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first record of stable isotopes(δ^(13)C, δ^(18)O) and element ratios(Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca) of Middle to Late Jurassic belemnites from the Indian Himalayas and their potential for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2021年第3期10卷 416-437页

作者： Matthias Alberti franz t.fursich Dhirendra K.Pandey Nils Andersen Dieter Garbe-Schonberg Suraj Bhosale Ketan Chaskar Jorg M.Habermann State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringCenter for Research and Education on Biological Evolution and Environment and Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material CyclingNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023Jiangsu ProvinceChina GeoZentrum Nordbayern Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergLoewenichstraße 2891054 ErlangenGermany Department of Geology School of EarthBiological and Environmental ScienceCentral University of South Bihar SH 7Gaya-Panchanpur RoadVillage KarharaPost FatehpurGaya 824236(Bihar)India Department of Earth and Environmental Science KSKV Kachchh UniversityBhujIndia Leibniz Laboratory for Radiometric Dating and Stable Isotope Research Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu KielMax-Eyth-Straße 1124118 KielGermany Institut.für Geowissenschaften Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu KielLudewig-Meyn-Straße 1024118 KielGermany

Middle to Late Jurassic belemnites from the Spiti and Zanskar valleys in the Indian Himalayas were used for stable isotope(δ^(13)C, δ^(18)O) and element(Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca) analyses. Although the Himalayan orogeny deformed and altered a large portion of the collected fossils, cathodoluminescence and scanning electron microscopy in combination with analyses of iron and manganese contents allowed the ident.fication of belemnites believed to still retain their original chemical composition. Results indicate a long-term temperature decrease from the Middle Callovian–Oxfordian to the tithonian, which is proposed to have been caused by a concomitant drift of eastern Gondwana into higher palaeolatitudes. Reconstructed absolute temperatures depend on the used equation and assumed δ^(18)O value of seawater, but most likely varied between 17.6 ℃ to 27.6℃ in the Kimmeridgian and tithonian with average values between 22 ℃ to 24 ℃. this way, temperatures were similar to slightly warmer than today at comparable latitudes. the reconstruction of absolute temperatures for the Middle Callovian–Oxfordian was hindered by a larger number of poorly preserved belemnites representing this time interval.

关键词： Jurassic Palaeoclimate Water temperature Spiti Zanskar India tethyan Himalaya Eastern Gondwana

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Interbasinal marker intervals——A case study from the Jurassic basins of Kachchh and Jaisalmer, western India

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第12期52卷 1924-1931页

作者： PANDEY Dhirendra Kumar fürsich franz theodor Department of Geology University of Rajasthan Jaipur 302004 India Institut.für Geologie und Palontologie der Universitt Würzburg Pleicherwall 1 D-97070 Würzburg Germany GeoZentrum Nordbayern der Universitt Erlangen Loewenichstr. 28 D-91054 Erlangen Germany

the Kachchh Basin and the Jaisalmer Basin are two neighboring Mesozoic sedimentary basins at the western margin of the Indian craton. the Jurassic succession of the Kachchh Basin is more complete and more fossiliferous than that of the Jaisalmer Basin. Consequently, intrabasinal correlation of the sedimentary units has been possible in the Kachchh Basin, but not in the Jaisalmer Basin. However, some marker beds existing in the Kachchh Basin can be recognized also in the Jaisalmer Basin. Ammonite evidence shows that they are time-equivalent. the following four units form marker intervals in both basins: (1) the pebbly rudstone unit with Isastrea bernardiana and Leptosphinctes of the Kaladongar formation (Kachchh Basin) and the Isastrea bernardiana-bearing rudstone of the Jaisalmer formation (Jaisalmer Basin) both represent transgressive systems tract deposits dated as Late Bajocian; (2) bioturbated micrites with anomalodesmatan bivalves within the Goradongar Yellow flagstone Member (Kachchh Basin) and bioturbated units in the fort Member (Jaisalmer Basin) represent maximum flooding zone deposits of the Middle to Late Bathonian; (3) trough-crossbedded, sandy packto grainstones of the Raimalro Limestone Member (Kachchh Basin) and the basal limestone-sandstone unit of the Kuldhar section of the Jaisalmer formation (Jaisalmer Basin) correspond to Late Bathonain transgressive systems tract deposits; and (4) ferruginous ooid-bearing carbonates with hardgrounds of the Dhosa Oolite member (Kachchh Basin) and the middle part of the Jajiya Member (Jaisalmer Basin) are Oxfordian transgressive systems tract deposits. the fact that in both basins similar biofacies prevailed during certain time intervals demonstrates a common control of their depositional history. As the two basins represent different tectonic settings, the most likely controlling factors were the relative sea-level changes produced by eustatic processes, a common subsidence history of the northwestern margin of t

关键词： Jurassic interbasinal correlation marker beds sequence stratigraphy India

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Sequence architecture of a Jurassic ramp succession from Gebel Maghara(North Sinai,Egypt):Implications for eustasy

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2015年第3期4卷 305-330页

作者： Ahmed Awad Abdelhady franz theodor fürsich Geology Department Faculty of ScienceMinia University fG Pal?oumwelt Geozentrum Nordbayern der Universit?t Erlangen

the Jurassic succession at Gebet Maghara, North Sinai, Egypt, represents a mixed carbonate-siticictastic sequence. Combining information from both fossits and rocks attowed a ptausibte reconstruction of the depositionat environments and of the basin evotution. the Ju- rassic succession of Gebel Maghara was deposited on a ramp, and the architecture of the ramp facies was strongty controtted not onty by sea-revel changes but atso by extensionat tectonics in connection with rifting of the tethys, North Gondwana. Seven tectonicalty modified thirdorder sequences （DS 1-DS 7） have been recognized. the first three sequences （DS 1-DS 3）, ranging from the toarcian to the Bajocian, record sea invasion （intertidat to shattow subtida[lconditions） across an intracratonic area as a resutt of eustatic sea-fever changes during a quiescent rift stage. the remaining sequences （DS 4-DS 7） reflect open marine mid to outer ramp settings. Non-marine conditions around the Bajocian-Bathonian boundary, documented by catiche, represent the maximum regression of the sea. During an active extensionat stage, horsts, which formerty acted as barriers separating the Maghara sub-basin from the main ocean, subsided. Subsequent rejuvenation and reactivation of fautts shifted the homoctinat physiography of the ramp to a distatty steepened ramp during the earty Bathonian, creating a 200-m-thick dettaic wedge. SimiLar processes during the earty Kimmeridgian created a catcirudite-catcarenite succession of stope origin. the diversity and the epifaunat/infaunat percentage of the macrofauna disptay a cyctic pattern which coincides more or tess with the sequence stratigraphic architecture.

关键词： facies sequence stratigraphy ramp extensional basin Jurassic Gebel Maghara Egypt

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Late Quaternary palaeoenvironmental changes documented by microfaunas and shell stable isotopes in the southern Pearl River Delta plain,South China

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2013年第4期2卷 344-361页

作者： Liu Chunlian franz t. fürsich Wu Jie Dong Yixin Yang tingting Yin Jian Department of Earth Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Geozentrum Nordbayern FG Pal oumwelt der Friedrich-Alexander-Universitt Erlangen Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes

Ahigh resolution study of sediments,microfaunas(ostracods and foraminifers),and stable isotopes of ostracod shells from core PRD05,sampled from the Da’ao plain of the Pearl River Delta,provides new data about palaeoenvironmental changes during the Late *** basal fluvial gravelly sediments of the core,representing the lowest deposits of the Quaternary at the core site,were possibly formed prior to the transgression associated with the last interglacial *** fluvial setting changed into a marginal marine setting during the last interglacial stage,any record of calcareous fossils were destroyed by subsequent dissolution during the last glacial phase,when the upper part of the deltaic sediments experienced subaerial oxidation,indicated by a mottled clay layer in the *** postglacial sealevel rise in the South China Sea began at16,700 cal yr *** the first phase of sea-level rise(from ~16,700 to 10,100 cal yr B.P.),a swamp environment developed at the core *** ~10,100 cal yr B.P.,marine waters intruded onto the Da’ao plain and reached the core site through the Modaomen *** timing was earlier than in other parts of the Pearl River *** then,a semi-enclosed estuarine environment developed and was maintained until ~5560 cal yr *** this transgressive interval,short-term environmental fluctuations can be recognized based on microfauna and shell geochemical *** ~10,100 to 8630 cal yr B.P.,the sea-level rose,which was followed by a fall from ~8630 to 8520 cal yr *** expanded transgression occurred between ~8520 and 7900 cal yr *** time intervals from ~8520 to 8200 cal yr *** from ~8080 to 7900 cal yr *** marked by peak *** ~7900 to 5560 cal yr B.P.,the core site generally showed a reduced marine influence and enhanced freshwater input.A fluvial environment developed from ~5560 to 3100 cal yr B.P.,and was succeeded by an alluvial plain setting.

关键词： Late Quaternary microfauna shell stable isotopes palaeoenvironment Pearl River Delta

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三水盆地古近系湖相沉积岩的氧、碳同位素地球化学记录及其环境意义

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沉积学报 2004年第1期22卷 36-40页

作者：刘春莲 franz t.fürsich 白雁杨小强李国强中山大学地球科学系广州510275 Institut.für Geologie und Pal-ontologie

三水盆地古近系莘庄组顶部至土布心组红岗段的全岩碳酸盐稳定同位素分析结果表明其形成期间经历了多次环境变迁。根据碳酸盐氧、碳同位素比值及其相互关系的变化 ,可识别三次海水入侵期。其时δ18O值大幅度向正值漂移。而由于受有机质... 详细信息

三水盆地古近系莘庄组顶部至土布心组红岗段的全岩碳酸盐稳定同位素分析结果表明其形成期间经历了多次环境变迁。根据碳酸盐氧、碳同位素比值及其相互关系的变化 ,可识别三次海水入侵期。其时δ18O值大幅度向正值漂移。而由于受有机质降解的影响 ,相应时期的δ13 C均表现为低值。在不直接受海洋影响的湖相沉积阶段 ,δ18O与δ13 C的相关程度虽然未达到典型的封闭型湖泊水平 ,但仍呈现一定的正相关变化 (r =0 .6 5 ) ,表明其湖水滞留时间较长。而频繁出现的石膏薄层沉积也指示湖盆的封闭性较好。这些均表明这一时期的三水盆地可能是一周期性封闭型湖泊。其稳定同位素组成主要受制于蒸发量 /降雨量平衡的变化。而δ13 C比值往往还受有机质活动的控制 ,更多的是反映有机质生产力。

关键词：氧碳同位素碳酸盐湖相沉积古近系三水盆地

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