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Complementarity of electric vehicles and pumped-hydro as energy storage in small isolated energy systems:case of La Palma,Canary Islands

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journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2016年第4期4卷 604-614页

作者： Alfredo RAMIREZ-DIAZ francisco j.ramos-real Gustavo A.MARRERO Departamento de Economı´a Contabilidad y FinanzasFacultad de Economı´aEmpresa y TurismoUniversidad de La Laguna38071 La LagunaSpain Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Polı´ticas y Sociales Universidad de La Laguna38071 La LagunaSpain Instituto Universitario de Desarrollo Regional Universidad de La Laguna38071 La LagunaSpain

Isolated energy systems in archipelagos are characterized for having a great dependence on fossil sources due to isolation and territorial fragmentation.The island of La Palma is situated on the northwest of the Canary Islands,and its electric system is very small.Sustainability policies planned by local authorities are aimed to increase the share of renewable energies and the reduction of fossil energies.However,intermittence and the concentration of unmanageable renewable energies in few locations may hinder the operation of the system.In order to solve these problems,energy storage plays an essential role.The aim of this paper is to analyse the effects of the introduction of two possible alternatives as a way of energy storage:pumped hydro storage and electric vehicles.For this,we use a simulation model adapted to the features of La Palma,considering different scenarios.Results show that,in the most favourable scenario,the installation of an additional 25 MW from renewables(more than double the current power),supported by 20 MW of pumped hydro storage and a fleet of 3361 electric vehicles,would allow the current share of renewables to increase from11%(in 2015)to 49%.Furthermore,this would mean a 26%reduction in CO2 emissions,10%in costs of generated k Wh and 19%in energy dependence.

关键词： Energy storage Electric vehicles Vehicle-to-grid Grid-for-vehicles Pumped-hydro energy storage Isolated systems

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Muscle strength deficits are associated with low bone mineral density in young pediatric cancer survivors:The iBoneFIT project

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 419-427页

作者： Andres Marmol-Perez jose j.Gil-Cosano Esther Ubago-Guisado francisco j.Llorente-Cantarero juan francisco Pascual-Gázquez Kirsten K.Ness Vicente Martinez-Vizcaino jonatan R.Ruiz Luis Gracia-Marco Department of Physical Education and Sports Faculty of Sport SciencesSport and Health University Research Institute(iMUDS)University of GranadaGranada 18011Spain Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Department of Communication and Education Loyola University AndalusiaSeville 41704Spain Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GranadaGranada 18012Spain Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba(IMIBIC) Cordoba 14004Spain CIBEROBN Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and NutritionCarlos III Health InstituteMadrid 28029Spain Department of Specific Didactics Faculty of EducationUniversity of CordobaCordoba 14071Spain Pediatric and adolescent hematology and oncology service Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery Clinical Management UnitVirgen de las Nieves University HospitalGranada 18014Spain Health and Social Research Center Universidad de Castilla-La ManchaCuenca 13001Spain

Background Pediatric cancer survivors are at increased risk of muscle weakness and low areal bone mineral density(aBMD).However,the prevalence of muscle strength deficits is not well documented,and the associations of muscle strength with aBMD are unknown in this population.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of upper-and lower-body muscle strength deficits and to examine the associations of upper-and lower-body muscle strength with age-,sex,and race-specific aBMD Z-scores at the total body,total hip,femoral neck,and lumbar spine.Methods This cross-sectional study included 116 pediatric cancer survivors(12.1±3.3 years old,mean±SD;42.2%female).Upper-and lower-body muscle strength were assessed by handgrip and standing long jump test,respectively.Dual‑energy X‑ray absorptiometry was used to measure aBMD(g/cm2).Associations between muscle strength and aBMD were evaluated in multivariable linear regression models.Logistic regression was used to evaluate the contribution of muscle strength(1-decile lower)to the odds of having low aBMD(Z-score≤1.0).All analyses were adjusted for time from treatment completion,radiotherapy exposure,and body mass index.Results More than one-half of survivors were within the 2 lowest deciles for upper-(56.9%)and lower-body muscle strength(60.0%)in comparison to age-and sex-specific reference values.Muscle strength deficits were associated with lower aBMD Z-scores at all sites(B=0.133–0.258,p=0.001–0.032).Each 1-decile lower in upper-body muscle strength was associated with 30%–95%higher odds of having low aBMD Z-scores at all sites.Each 1-decile lower in lower-body muscle strength was associated with 35%–70%higher odds of having low aBMD Z-scores at total body,total hip,and femoral neck.Conclusion Muscle strength deficits are prevalent in young pediatric cancer survivors,and such deficits are associated with lower aBMD Z-scores at all sites.These results suggest that interventions designed to improve muscle strength in this vulnerable population may have the added ben

关键词： Bone health Childhood cancer DXA Lean mass Resistance training

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Chiral forces in longitudinally invariant dielectric photonic waveguides

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Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 431-443页

作者： jOSEP MARTÍNEZ-ROMEU IAGO DIEZ SEBASTIAN GOLAT francisco j.RODRÍGUEZ-FORTUÑO ALEjANDRO MARTÍNEZ Nanophotonics Technology Center Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia 46022Spain Department of Physics King’s College LondonLondon WC2R 2LSUK

We calculate numerically the optical chiral forces in rectangular cross-section dielectric waveguides for potential enantiomer separation.Our study considers force strength and time needed for separating chiral nanoparticles,mainly via quasi-TE guided modes at short wavelengths(405 nm)and the 90°-phase-shifted combination of quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes at longer wavelengths(1310 nm).Particle tracking simulations show successful enantiomer separation within two seconds.These results suggest the feasibility of enantiomeric separation of nanoparticles displaying sufficient chirality using simple silicon photonic integrated circuits,with wavelength selection based on the nanoparticle size.

关键词： dielectric forces quasi

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Early detection of pancreatic cancer

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World journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第17期12卷 2935-2938页

作者： francisco j Morera-Ocon Department of General Surgery Hospital General de RequenaRequena 46340Spain

The diagnosis of pancreatic cancer associates an appalling significance.Detection of preinvasive stage of pancreatic cancer will ameliorate the survival of this deadly disease.Premalignant lesions such as Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms or Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms of the pancreas are detectable on imaging exams and this permits their management prior their invasive development.Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms(PanIN)are the most frequent precursors of pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PDAC),and its particular type PanIN high-grade represents the malignant non-invasive form of PDAC.Unfortunately,PanINs are not detectable on radiologic exams.Nevertheless,they can associate indirect imaging signs which would rise the diagnostic suspicion.When this suspicion is established,the patient will be enrolled in a follow-up strategy that includes performing of blood test and serial imaging test such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging,which will cost in the best-case scenario a burden of healthcare systems,and potential mortality in the worst-case scenario when the patient underwent resection surgery,worthless when there is no moderate or high grade dysplasia in the final histopathology.This issue will be avoid having at its disposal a diagnostic technique capable of detecting high-grade PanIN lesions,such is the cytology of pancreatic juice obtained by nasopancreatic intubation.Herein,we review the possibility of detection of early malignant lesions before they become invasive PADC.

关键词： Early pancreatic cancer Pancreatic adenocarcinoma precursor lesions Pancreatic juice analysis PanIN High-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

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Reuse of port industrial heritage in tourist cities:Shipyards as case studies

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2024年第1期13卷 164-183页

作者： María j.Andrade Eduardo jiménez-Morales Rachel Rodríguez-ramos Pablo Martínez-Ramírez Department of Art and Architecture School of ArchitectureMalaga UniversityMalaga 29013Spain

The progressive deindustrialisation of many western cities since the 1980s has led to many industrial zones linked to port activities being abandoned or falling into disuse.Cities such as Barcelona,Naples,Lisbon,Amsterdam,and Hamburg have port industrial complexes of high tangible and intangible heritage value that could totally or partially disappear,resulting in an irreparable loss of their scientific,architectural,social,technological,and historical values.With that in mind,Adaptive Reuse(AR)of the built heritage allows the industrial memory of the ports to be preserved by turning them into new functional centres within the existing urban structure.That occurs in the context of the contemporary challenges of those cities,such as touristification,the circular economy and climate change,while guaranteeing the life cycle of those buildings.This article analyses two case studies—the Nederlandsche Scheepsbouw Maatschappij(NDSM)and the Rotterdamsche Droogdok Maatschappij(RDM)shipyards,both in the Netherlands—in order to contribute to the knowledge of AR of Port Industrial Heritage.They are two examples of good practices in port industrial heritage interventions,where the factors behind their acclaim can be easily highlighted.A multi-scale methodology is therefore used and tailored to the case of port industrial heritage,based on analysing previous studies of the heritage in different spheres and on different scales.A relationship matrix tool is thus defined.It enables a comparative study to be conducted,using key variables and indicators,and considering qualitative and quantitative data.That provides extensive output information for each case study,which is summarised in the most favourable factors for the success of the AR of this port industrial heritage.

关键词： Industrial heritage Port-city Adaptive reuse Best practices Circular economy HUL Touristification

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Floristic composition and edaphic relationships in ferruginous campo rupestre reference ecosystems

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journal of Mountain Science 2024年第3期21卷 719-733页

作者： G.Wilson FERNANDES Letícia ramos Dario C.PAIVA jéssica CUNHA-BLUM Vanessa Matos GOMES Daniel NEGREIROS Ecologia Evolutiva&Biodiversidade Departamento de GenéticaEcologia e Evolução/ICBUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Knowledge Center for Biodiversity 31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Department of Biological Sciences Institute of EnvironmentFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199USA Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais Universidade Estadual de Montes ClarosMontes ClarosMGBrazil Laboratório de Estudo das Relações Solo-Planta Departamento de SolosUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroSeropédicaRGBrazil

Land use change and occupation have led to modifications in the environment causing loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services throughout the planet.Some environments with high economic relevance,such as the ferruginous campo rupestre(rupestrian grassland known as Canga in Brazil),are even more susceptible to severe impacts due to their extreme habitat conditions and low resilience.The determination of reference ecosystems based on the intrinsic characteristics of the ecosystem is essential for conservation as well as to the implementation of ecological restoration.We proposed the reference ecosystem of the three main types of habitats of the ferruginous campo rupestre based on their floristic composition.We described the floristic composition of each habitat and evaluated the physicochemical properties of the soils and the relationship between plants and soils.All three habitats showed high diversity of plant species and many endemic species,such as Chamaecrista choriophylla,Cuphea pseudovaccinium,Lychnophora pinaster,and Vellozia subalata.The distribution of vegetation was strongly related with the edaphic characteristics,with a set of species more adapted to high concentration of base saturation,fine sand,organic carbon,and iron,while another set of species succeeded in more acidic soils with higher S and silt concentration.We provide support for the contention that the ferruginous campo rupestre is a mosaic of different habitats shaped by intrinsic local conditions.Failure to recognize the floristic composition of each particular habitat can lead to inappropriate restoration,increased habitat homogenization and increased loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services.This study also advances the knowledge base for building the reference ecosystem for the different types of ferruginous campo rupestre habitats,as well as a key database for highlighting those species contribute most to community assembly in this diverse and threatened tropical mountain ecosystem.

关键词： Canga Ecological restoration Extreme ecosystem Non-forest ecosystems Rupestrian grassland Taxon environment relationships

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Vertical Displacement Measurement in a Slow-Moving Sinkhole Using BOTDA

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Photonic Sensors 2024年第1期14卷 23-39页

作者： Pascual SEVILLANO javier PRECIADO-GARBAYO jorge SEVIL francisco GUTIERREZ juan jMARTiNEZ Sonia MARTiN-LOPEZ Miguel GONZALEZ-HERRAEZ Aragon Institute of Engineering Research(I3A) Universidad de ZaragozaZaragoza 50018Spain Electronic Enginering and Communicaton Dpartment EINAUniversidad de ZaragzaZaragza 50018Spain Aragon Photonics Labs. Zaragoza 50009Spain Department of Earth Sciences Universidad de ZaragozaZaragoza 50009Spain Department of Electronics Escuela Politecnica SuperiorUniversidad de AlcalaMadrid 28805Spain

The effectiveness of monitoring and early-warning systems for ground deformation phenomena,such as sinkholes,depends on their ability to accurately resolve the ongoing ground displacement and detect the subtle deformation preceding catastrophic failures.Sagging sinkholes with a slow subsidence rate and diffuse edges pose a significant challenge for subsidence monitoring due to the low deformation rates and limited lateral strain gradients.In this work,we satisfactorily illustrate the practicality of the Brillouin optical time domain analysis(BOTDA)to measure the spatial-temporal patterns of the vertical displacement in such challenging slow-moving sagging sinkholes.To assess the performance of the approach,we compare the strain recorded by the distributed optical fiber sensor with the vertical displacement measured by high-precision leveling.The results show a good spatial correlation with the ability to identify the maximum subsidence point.There is also a good temporal correlation with the detection of an acceleration phase in the subsidence associated with a flood event.

关键词： Distributed fiber optic sensing(DFOS) vertical displacement measurement slow subsidence rate sinkhole hazard early-warning system

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Towards efficient strain engineering of 2D materials:A four-points bending approach for compressive strain

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5317-5325页

作者： Hao Li Félix Carrascoso Ana Borrás Gloria P.Moreno francisco j.Aparicio Ángel Barranco Andrés Castellanos Gómez Campus de Cantoblanco Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de MadridC.Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz328049 MadridSpain Nanotechnology on Surfaces and Plasma Lab Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla(CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla).C/Americo Vespucio 49E-41092 SevilleSpain Departamento de Física Aplicada I Escuela Politécnica SuperiorUniversidad de Sevillac/Virgen deÁfrica 7E-41011 SevilleSpain

Strain engineering,as a powerful strategy to tune the optical and electrical properties of two-dimensional(2D)materials by deforming their crystal lattice,has attracted significant interest in recent years.2D materials can sustain ultra-high strains,even up to 10%,due to the lack of dangling bonds on their surface,making them ideal brittle solids.This remarkable mechanical resilience,together with a strong strain-tunable band structure,endows 2D materials with a broad optical and electrical response upon strain.However,strain engineering based on 2D materials is restricted by their nanoscale and strain quantification troubles.In this study,we have modified a homebuilt three-points bending apparatus to transform it into a four-points bending apparatus that allows for the application of both compressive and tensile strains on 2D materials.This approach allows for the efficient and reproducible construction of a strain system and minimizes the buckling effect caused by the van der Waals interaction by adamantane encapsulation strategy.Our results demonstrate the feasibility of introducing compressive strain on 2D materials and the potential for tuning their optical and physical properties through this approach.

关键词： uniaxial compressive strain polymer encapsulation differential reflectance spectroscopy exciton tunability

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ENSO impacts on litter stocks and water holding capacity in secondary forests in eastern Amazonia

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journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 83-89页

作者： julia Isabella de Matos Rodrigues Walmer Bruno Rocha Martins Victor Pereira de Oliveira Myriam Suelen da Silva Wanzerley Hélio Brito dos Santos júnior francisco de Assis Oliveira Graduate Program in Forestry Sciences Av.Presidente Tancredo Neves2501BelémPará66077-530Brazil Federal Rural University of Amazonia Av.Presidente Tancredo Neves2501BelémPará66077-530Brazil Federal Rural University of Amazonia Tv.Pau-AmareloCapitão PoçoPará68650-000Brazil National Institute of Amazonia Research Av.Constelação Cruzeiro do SulManausAmazonas 69060-062Brazil

Among the impacts of climate change,there is the intensification of phenomena such as the El Niño South-ern Oscillation(ENSO)responsible for El Niño and La Niña.However,understanding their effects on the functional pro-cesses of forests is limited.Therefore,this study evaluated the effects of ENSO on litter stock and water holding capac-ity(WHC)in a successional forest in eastern Amazonia.Evaluations occurred in periods with the most rainfall in El Niño(2019)and least in La Niña(2021)years.Twelve permanent plots were used to sample litter.ENSO effects were evident for WHC,higher during El Niño.However,this influence was not clear for litter,as only in the rainy season effects were found.There was a positive correlation of WHC with precipitation and humidity,while litter stocks were negatively correlated with temperature and wind speed.Although the subject of this study requires long-term assessments,preliminary results suggests that,depending on the intensity of ENSO,forest functional processes can be strongly impacted and altered.The conclusion reinforces warnings by the scientific community about the impacts of climate change on the maintenance of litter stocks,decomposition and,consequently,the biogeochemical cycle and essential ecosystem services for the maintenance of Amazonia biodiversity.The need to develop long-term research to understand the effects of climatic change on litter stocks and water holding capacity is highlighted,especially in Amazonia.

关键词： Seasonality Climate change Succession ecosystem Biogeochemical cycle Amazonia biodiversity

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High-speed silicon photonic electro-optic Kerr modulation

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Photonics Research 2024年第1期12卷 51-60页

作者： jONATHAN PELTIER WEIWEI ZHANG LEOPOLD VIROT CHRISTIAN LAFFORGUE LUCAS DENIEL DELPHINE MARRIS-MORINI GUY AUBIN FARAH AMAR DENH TRAN XINGZHAO YAN CALLUM G.LITTLEjOHNS CARLOS ALONSO-ramos KE LI DAVID j.THOMSON GRAHAM REED LAURENT VIVIEN University Paris-Saclay CNRSCentre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology(C2N)Palaiseau 91120France University Grenoble Alpes CEALETIGrenoble 38000France Optoelectronics Research Centre Zepler Institute for Photonics and NanoelectronicsFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK

Silicon-based electro-optic modulators contribute to easing the integration of high-speed and low-power consumption circuits for classical optical communications and data computations.Beyond the plasma dispersion modulation,an alternative solution in silicon is to exploit the DC Kerr effect,which generates an equivalent linear electro-optical effect enabled by applying a large DC electric field.Although some theoretical and experimental studies have shown its existence in silicon,limited contributions relative to plasma dispersion have been achieved in high-speed modulation so far.This paper presents high-speed optical modulation based on the DC Kerr effect in silicon PIN waveguides.The contributions of both plasma dispersion and Kerr effects have been analyzed in different waveguide configurations,and we demonstrated that the Kerr induced modulation is dominant when a high external DC electric field is applied in PIN waveguides.High-speed optical modulation response is analyzed,and eye diagrams up to 80 Gbit/s in NRZ format are obtained under a d.***.voltage of 30 V.This work paves the way to exploit the Kerr effect to generate high-speed Pockels-like optical modulation.

关键词： waveguide dispersion effect

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