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Pedigree analysis of 220 almond genotypes reveals two world mainstream breeding lines based on only three different cultivars

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 72-82页

作者： Felipe Perez de los Cobos Pedro j.Martinez-Garcia Agusti Romero Xavier Miarnau Iban Eduardo Werner Howad Mourad Mnejja Federico Dicenta Rafel Socias i Company Maria j.Rubio-Cabetas Thomas M.Gradziel Michelle Wirthensohn Henri Duval Doron Holland Pere Arus francisco j.vargas Ignasi Batlle Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries(IRTA) Mas BoveCtra.Reus-El Morell Km 3843120 ConstantiTarragonaSpain Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries(IRTA) Centre de Recerca en Agrigenomica(CRAG)CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB.Cerdanyola del Valles(Bellaterra)08193 BarcelonaSpain Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas(CEBAS-CSIC)P.O.Box 16430100 EspinardoMurciaSpain Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries(IRTA) FruitcentrePCiTALGardeny ParkFruitcentre Building25003 LleidaSpain Centro de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agroalimentaria de Aragon(CITA) Avda.Montanana 93050059ZaragozaInstituto Agroalimentario de Aragon IA2(CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza)ZaragozaSpain University of California 1 Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616USA University of Adelaide Waite ResearchSchool of AgricultureFood and WinePMB 1Glen OsmondAdelaideSA 5064Australia Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique(INRA) Domain St.Maurice CS 6009484143 Montfavet CedexFrance Agricultural Research Organization Newe-Ya’ar Research CenterP.O.Box 1021Ramat Yishad 30095Israel

Loss of genetic variability is an increasing challenge in tree breeding programs due to the repeated use of a reduced number of founder genotypes.However,in almond,little is known about the genetic variability in current breeding stocks,although several cases of inbreeding depression have been reported.To gain insights into the genetic structure in modern breeding programs worldwide,marker-verified pedigree data of 220 almond cultivars and breeding selections were analyzed.Inbreeding coefficients,pairwise relatedness,and genetic contribution were calculated for these genotypes.The results reveal two mainstream breeding lines based on three cultivars:“Tuono”,“Cristomorto”,and“Nonpareil”.Descendants from“Tuono”or“Cristomorto”number 76(sharing 34 descendants),while“Nonpareil”has 71 descendants.The mean inbreeding coefficient of the analyzed genotypes was 0.041,with 14 genotypes presenting a high inbreeding coefficient,over 0.250.Breeding programs from France,the USA,and Spain showed inbreeding coefficients of 0.075,0.070,and 0.037,respectively.According to their genetic contribution,modern cultivars from Israel,France,the USA,Spain,and Australia trace back to a maximum of six main founding genotypes.Among the group of 65 genotypes carrying the S f allele for self-compatibility,the mean relatedness coefficient was 0.125,with“Tuono”as the main founding genotype(24.7%of total genetic contribution).The results broaden our understanding about the tendencies followed in almond breeding over the last 50 years and will have a large impact into breeding decision-making process worldwide.Increasing current genetic variability is required in almond breeding programs to assure genetic gain and continuing breeding progress.

关键词： breeding cultivar founding

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Stress tensors and quantification of fracture patterns to analyze connectivity and potential fluid flow in a mesa landform of the Northern Andes

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journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 271-291页

作者： GARCÍA-ARIAS Sergio VELANDIA francisco ALVAREZ Angélica SANABRIA-GÓMEZ joséD TARAZONA Yessenia vargas María Camila Escuela de Geología Universidad Industrial de SantanderCra.27 Calle 9BucaramangaColombia Escuela de Física Universidad Industrial de SantanderCra.27 Calle 9BucaramangaColombia

This work applies stress tensors inversions and quantification of fracture patterns along the Mesa de Los Santos, in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, to better understand the potential fluid flow. It thus contributes to the conceptual hydrogeological model. The area was subdivided into three blocks, separated by the NW Potreros and the Los Santos faults, having minor inner faults of different orientations. This separation facilitates the analysis of the fractures measured in the field, which in general show high dip angles and a conjugate geometry in the northern block, tension fractures(Mode I) in the central block, and a random distribution in the southwestern block. WinTensor treatment of slickensides yielded a maximum horizontal stress(SHmax) of 111o, which coincides with the WNW-ESE tensor observed from the conjugate and tension joints. We then used Frac Pa Q to generate interpolation maps of fracture intensity and density. The maps show the highest values in the central block and the lowest in the northern block,where the precipitation is higher, causing intensive rock weathering and homogenization of the fracture planes. Although the highest values of connectivity by line are found to the south of the mesa, we suggest the possibility of greater flow from the recharge zone(NE) along bedding planes and open NW-SE fractures.

关键词： Mesa de Los Santos Colombia Win-Tensor FracPaQ Strike-slip faults Fractured aquifers

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Muscle strength deficits are associated with low bone mineral density in young pediatric cancer survivors:The iBoneFIT project

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 419-427页

作者： Andres Marmol-Perez jose j.Gil-Cosano Esther Ubago-Guisado francisco j.Llorente-Cantarero juan francisco Pascual-Gázquez Kirsten K.Ness Vicente Martinez-Vizcaino jonatan R.Ruiz Luis Gracia-Marco Department of Physical Education and Sports Faculty of Sport SciencesSport and Health University Research Institute(iMUDS)University of GranadaGranada 18011Spain Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Department of Communication and Education Loyola University AndalusiaSeville 41704Spain Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GranadaGranada 18012Spain Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba(IMIBIC) Cordoba 14004Spain CIBEROBN Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and NutritionCarlos III Health InstituteMadrid 28029Spain Department of Specific Didactics Faculty of EducationUniversity of CordobaCordoba 14071Spain Pediatric and adolescent hematology and oncology service Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery Clinical Management UnitVirgen de las Nieves University HospitalGranada 18014Spain Health and Social Research Center Universidad de Castilla-La ManchaCuenca 13001Spain

Background Pediatric cancer survivors are at increased risk of muscle weakness and low areal bone mineral density(aBMD).However,the prevalence of muscle strength deficits is not well documented,and the associations of muscle strength with aBMD are unknown in this population.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of upper-and lower-body muscle strength deficits and to examine the associations of upper-and lower-body muscle strength with age-,sex,and race-specific aBMD Z-scores at the total body,total hip,femoral neck,and lumbar spine.Methods This cross-sectional study included 116 pediatric cancer survivors(12.1±3.3 years old,mean±SD;42.2%female).Upper-and lower-body muscle strength were assessed by handgrip and standing long jump test,respectively.Dual‑energy X‑ray absorptiometry was used to measure aBMD(g/cm2).Associations between muscle strength and aBMD were evaluated in multivariable linear regression models.Logistic regression was used to evaluate the contribution of muscle strength(1-decile lower)to the odds of having low aBMD(Z-score≤1.0).All analyses were adjusted for time from treatment completion,radiotherapy exposure,and body mass index.Results More than one-half of survivors were within the 2 lowest deciles for upper-(56.9%)and lower-body muscle strength(60.0%)in comparison to age-and sex-specific reference values.Muscle strength deficits were associated with lower aBMD Z-scores at all sites(B=0.133–0.258,p=0.001–0.032).Each 1-decile lower in upper-body muscle strength was associated with 30%–95%higher odds of having low aBMD Z-scores at all sites.Each 1-decile lower in lower-body muscle strength was associated with 35%–70%higher odds of having low aBMD Z-scores at total body,total hip,and femoral neck.Conclusion Muscle strength deficits are prevalent in young pediatric cancer survivors,and such deficits are associated with lower aBMD Z-scores at all sites.These results suggest that interventions designed to improve muscle strength in this vulnerable population may have the added ben

关键词： Bone health Childhood cancer DXA Lean mass Resistance training

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Exploring the size of Andean condor foraging groups along an altitudinal and latitudinal gradient in the Tropical Andes: Ecological and conservation implications

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Current Zoology 2024年第2期70卷 225-232页

作者： Diego Mendez Felix Hernan vargas joséHernan Sarasola Pedro P.Oleaa Departamento de Ecologia Universidad Autonoma de MadridCalle Darwin 228049MadridSpain Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Calle 26 s/nCota CotaLa PazBolivia The Peregrine Fund 5668 West Flying Hawk LaneBoiseID 83709USA Centro para el Estudio y Conservacion de Aves Rapaces en Argentina(CECARA) Universidad Nacional de La PampaAvda Uruguay 1516300 Santa RosaLa PampaArgentina Instituto de las Ciencias Ambientales y de la Tierra de La Pampa(INCITAP-CONICET) Avda.Uruguay 1516300 Santa RosaLa PampaArgentina Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autonoma de MadridMadridCalle Darwin 228049Madrid Snain

Patterns of variation in the size of vulture foraging groups,and their ecological causes and consequences,remain litle explored despite strong links with the carrion recycling service that this key functional group provides.We documented the group size-frequency pattern of Andean con-dors Vultur gryphus gathered to feed on 42 equine carcasses experimentally placed in Bolivia,between 2012 and 2019,along an elevation range of 1,300-4,500 m asl.Based on the location(altitude and latitude)of the foraging groups,we examined the relationship between their size and species'population parameters(size and trend),habitat conditions,and livestock carcass availability and predictability.Condors utilized a high frequency(93%)of carcasses forming groups that ranged from 1 to 80 individuals(mean=25,median=18)and shaped a"lazy-j curve"typical pattern of size-frequency distribution whereby few groups(5,12%)were large(>55 individuals)and most(21,50%)were relatively small(<19 individuals).Group size related to altitude in that most larger groups formed at lower sites(below c.3,000 m asl),likely following an altitudinal gradient whereby larger groups are more likely to form around larger carcasses(i.e.,cattle),which are more likely to occur at lower elevations.Regardless of population size,group size could be an adaptive response of condors via local enhancement for improving individual scavenging efficiency.Many information gaps on this topic still exist,thus we provide a set of questions to address them,especially amidst the unrestricted impacts of human activities that condition vulture survival globally.

关键词： condor andino fusion-fission dynamics group size scavenger social foraging vultures.

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Chiral forces in longitudinally invariant dielectric photonic waveguides

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Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 431-443页

作者： jOSEP MARTÍNEZ-ROMEU IAGO DIEZ SEBASTIAN GOLAT francisco j.RODRÍGUEZ-FORTUÑO ALEjANDRO MARTÍNEZ Nanophotonics Technology Center Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia 46022Spain Department of Physics King’s College LondonLondon WC2R 2LSUK

We calculate numerically the optical chiral forces in rectangular cross-section dielectric waveguides for potential enantiomer separation.Our study considers force strength and time needed for separating chiral nanoparticles,mainly via quasi-TE guided modes at short wavelengths(405 nm)and the 90°-phase-shifted combination of quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes at longer wavelengths(1310 nm).Particle tracking simulations show successful enantiomer separation within two seconds.These results suggest the feasibility of enantiomeric separation of nanoparticles displaying sufficient chirality using simple silicon photonic integrated circuits,with wavelength selection based on the nanoparticle size.

关键词： dielectric forces quasi

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Early detection of pancreatic cancer

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World journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第17期12卷 2935-2938页

作者： francisco j Morera-Ocon Department of General Surgery Hospital General de RequenaRequena 46340Spain

The diagnosis of pancreatic cancer associates an appalling significance.Detection of preinvasive stage of pancreatic cancer will ameliorate the survival of this deadly disease.Premalignant lesions such as Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms or Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms of the pancreas are detectable on imaging exams and this permits their management prior their invasive development.Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms(PanIN)are the most frequent precursors of pancreatic adenocarcinoma(PDAC),and its particular type PanIN high-grade represents the malignant non-invasive form of PDAC.Unfortunately,PanINs are not detectable on radiologic exams.Nevertheless,they can associate indirect imaging signs which would rise the diagnostic suspicion.When this suspicion is established,the patient will be enrolled in a follow-up strategy that includes performing of blood test and serial imaging test such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging,which will cost in the best-case scenario a burden of healthcare systems,and potential mortality in the worst-case scenario when the patient underwent resection surgery,worthless when there is no moderate or high grade dysplasia in the final histopathology.This issue will be avoid having at its disposal a diagnostic technique capable of detecting high-grade PanIN lesions,such is the cytology of pancreatic juice obtained by nasopancreatic intubation.Herein,we review the possibility of detection of early malignant lesions before they become invasive PADC.

关键词： Early pancreatic cancer Pancreatic adenocarcinoma precursor lesions Pancreatic juice analysis PanIN High-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

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Vertical Displacement Measurement in a Slow-Moving Sinkhole Using BOTDA

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Photonic Sensors 2024年第1期14卷 23-39页

作者： Pascual SEVILLANO javier PRECIADO-GARBAYO jorge SEVIL francisco GUTIERREZ juan jMARTiNEZ Sonia MARTiN-LOPEZ Miguel GONZALEZ-HERRAEZ Aragon Institute of Engineering Research(I3A) Universidad de ZaragozaZaragoza 50018Spain Electronic Enginering and Communicaton Dpartment EINAUniversidad de ZaragzaZaragza 50018Spain Aragon Photonics Labs. Zaragoza 50009Spain Department of Earth Sciences Universidad de ZaragozaZaragoza 50009Spain Department of Electronics Escuela Politecnica SuperiorUniversidad de AlcalaMadrid 28805Spain

The effectiveness of monitoring and early-warning systems for ground deformation phenomena,such as sinkholes,depends on their ability to accurately resolve the ongoing ground displacement and detect the subtle deformation preceding catastrophic failures.Sagging sinkholes with a slow subsidence rate and diffuse edges pose a significant challenge for subsidence monitoring due to the low deformation rates and limited lateral strain gradients.In this work,we satisfactorily illustrate the practicality of the Brillouin optical time domain analysis(BOTDA)to measure the spatial-temporal patterns of the vertical displacement in such challenging slow-moving sagging sinkholes.To assess the performance of the approach,we compare the strain recorded by the distributed optical fiber sensor with the vertical displacement measured by high-precision leveling.The results show a good spatial correlation with the ability to identify the maximum subsidence point.There is also a good temporal correlation with the detection of an acceleration phase in the subsidence associated with a flood event.

关键词： Distributed fiber optic sensing(DFOS) vertical displacement measurement slow subsidence rate sinkhole hazard early-warning system

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Towards efficient strain engineering of 2D materials:A four-points bending approach for compressive strain

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5317-5325页

作者： Hao Li Félix Carrascoso Ana Borrás Gloria P.Moreno francisco j.Aparicio Ángel Barranco Andrés Castellanos Gómez Campus de Cantoblanco Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de MadridC.Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz328049 MadridSpain Nanotechnology on Surfaces and Plasma Lab Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla(CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla).C/Americo Vespucio 49E-41092 SevilleSpain Departamento de Física Aplicada I Escuela Politécnica SuperiorUniversidad de Sevillac/Virgen deÁfrica 7E-41011 SevilleSpain

Strain engineering,as a powerful strategy to tune the optical and electrical properties of two-dimensional(2D)materials by deforming their crystal lattice,has attracted significant interest in recent years.2D materials can sustain ultra-high strains,even up to 10%,due to the lack of dangling bonds on their surface,making them ideal brittle solids.This remarkable mechanical resilience,together with a strong strain-tunable band structure,endows 2D materials with a broad optical and electrical response upon strain.However,strain engineering based on 2D materials is restricted by their nanoscale and strain quantification troubles.In this study,we have modified a homebuilt three-points bending apparatus to transform it into a four-points bending apparatus that allows for the application of both compressive and tensile strains on 2D materials.This approach allows for the efficient and reproducible construction of a strain system and minimizes the buckling effect caused by the van der Waals interaction by adamantane encapsulation strategy.Our results demonstrate the feasibility of introducing compressive strain on 2D materials and the potential for tuning their optical and physical properties through this approach.

关键词： uniaxial compressive strain polymer encapsulation differential reflectance spectroscopy exciton tunability

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ENSO impacts on litter stocks and water holding capacity in secondary forests in eastern Amazonia

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journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 83-89页

作者： julia Isabella de Matos Rodrigues Walmer Bruno Rocha Martins Victor Pereira de Oliveira Myriam Suelen da Silva Wanzerley Hélio Brito dos Santos júnior francisco de Assis Oliveira Graduate Program in Forestry Sciences Av.Presidente Tancredo Neves2501BelémPará66077-530Brazil Federal Rural University of Amazonia Av.Presidente Tancredo Neves2501BelémPará66077-530Brazil Federal Rural University of Amazonia Tv.Pau-AmareloCapitão PoçoPará68650-000Brazil National Institute of Amazonia Research Av.Constelação Cruzeiro do SulManausAmazonas 69060-062Brazil

Among the impacts of climate change,there is the intensification of phenomena such as the El Niño South-ern Oscillation(ENSO)responsible for El Niño and La Niña.However,understanding their effects on the functional pro-cesses of forests is limited.Therefore,this study evaluated the effects of ENSO on litter stock and water holding capac-ity(WHC)in a successional forest in eastern Amazonia.Evaluations occurred in periods with the most rainfall in El Niño(2019)and least in La Niña(2021)years.Twelve permanent plots were used to sample litter.ENSO effects were evident for WHC,higher during El Niño.However,this influence was not clear for litter,as only in the rainy season effects were found.There was a positive correlation of WHC with precipitation and humidity,while litter stocks were negatively correlated with temperature and wind speed.Although the subject of this study requires long-term assessments,preliminary results suggests that,depending on the intensity of ENSO,forest functional processes can be strongly impacted and altered.The conclusion reinforces warnings by the scientific community about the impacts of climate change on the maintenance of litter stocks,decomposition and,consequently,the biogeochemical cycle and essential ecosystem services for the maintenance of Amazonia biodiversity.The need to develop long-term research to understand the effects of climatic change on litter stocks and water holding capacity is highlighted,especially in Amazonia.

关键词： Seasonality Climate change Succession ecosystem Biogeochemical cycle Amazonia biodiversity

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Biomass gasification,catalytic technologies and energy integration for production of circular methanol:New horizons for industry decarbonisation

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 306-318页

作者： Luis F.Bobadilla Lola Azancot Miriam González-Castañ Estela Ruíz-López Laura Pastor-Pérez francisco j.Durán-Olivencia Runping Ye Katie Chong Paula HBlanco-Sánchez Zenthao Wu Tomás R.Reina joséA.Odriozola Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad de SevillaAvda.Américo Vespucio 49Sevilla 41092Spain Departamento de Ingeniería Universidad Loyola AndalucíaAvda.de Las Universidades s/nSevilla 41704Spain Key Laboratory of jiangxi Province for Environment and Energy Catalysis School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanchang UniversityNanchang330031China Energy and Bioproducts Research Institute(EBRI) Aston UniversityBirminghamB47ETUnited Kingdom Department of Chemical and Process Engineering University of SurreyGuildfordGU27XHUnited Kingdom

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)recognises the pivotal role of renewable energies in the future energy system and the achievement of the zero-emission target.The implementation of renewables should provide major opportunities and enable a more secure and decentralised energy supply system.Renewable fuels provide long-term solutions for the transport sector,particularly for applications where fuels with high energy density are required.In addition,it helps reducing the carbon footprint of these sectors in the long-term.Information on biomass characteristics feedstock is essential for scaling-up gasification from the laboratory to industrial-scale.This review deals with the transformation biogenic residues into a valuable bioenergy carrier like biomethanol as the liquid sunshine based on the combination of modified mature technologies such as gasification with other innovative solutions such as membranes and microchannel reactors.Tar abatement is a critical process in product gas upgrading since tars compromise downstream processes and equipment,for this,membrane technology for upgrading syngas quality is discussed in this paper.Microchannel reactor technology with the design of state-of-the-art multifunctional catalysts provides a path to develop decentralised biomethanol synthesis from biogenic residues.Finally,the development of a process chain for the production of(i)methanol as an intermediate energy carrier,(ii)electricity and(iii)heat for decentralised applications based on biomass feedstock flexible gasification,gas upgrading and methanol synthesis is analysed.

关键词： Biogenic residues Gasification Biomethanol Circular Economy Microreactors

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