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A study on wil.fire impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and regional.air qual.ty in South of Orl.ans,france

Journal.of Environmental.Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 521-533页

作者： Chaoyang Xue Gisèl. Krysztofiak Yangang Ren Min Cai Patrick Mercier frédéric l. fur Corinne Robin Benoit Grossel.n Véronique dael. Max RMcGil.en Yujing Mu Val.ry Catoire Abdel.ahid Mel.ouki l.boratoire de Physique et Chimie de l.Environnement et de l.Espace(l.C2E) CNRS–UniversitéOrléans–CNES(UMR 7328)Orléans Cedex 245071France Institut de Combustion AérothermiqueRéactivitéEnvironnement(ICARE)CNRSOrléans Cedex 245071France Research Centre for Eco-Environmental.Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China l.g’Air-Association de surveil.ance de l. qual.téde l.air en région Centre-Val.de l.ire Saint-Cyr-en-Val 45590France Mohammed V University RabatMorocco

Wil.fire events are increasing gl.bal.y which may be partl. associated with cl.mate change,resul.ing in significant adverse impacts on l.cal.regional.air qual.ty and gl.bal.*** September 2020,a smal. wil.fire(burned area:36.3 ha)event occurred in Souesmes(l.iret-Cher,Sol.gne,france),and its pl.me spread out over 200 km on the fol.owing day as observed by the MOdIS *** on measurements at a suburban site(~50 km northwest of the fire l.cation)in Orl.ans and backward trajectory anal.sis,young wil.fire pl.mes were *** increases in gaseous pol.utants(CO,CH_(4),N_(2)O,VOCs,etc.)and particl.s(incl.ding bl.ck carbon)were found within the wil.fire pl.mes,l.ading to a reduced air *** factors,defined as EF(X)=ΔX/ΔCO(where,X represents the target species),of various trace gases and bl.ck carbon within the young wil.fire pl.mes were determined accordingl. and compared with previous *** in the ambient ions(such as ammonium,sul.ate,nitrate,chl.ride,and nitrite in the particl.-and gasphase)and aerosol.properties(e.g.,aerosol.water content,aerosol.p H)were al.o quantified and ***,we estimated the total.carbon and cl.mate-rel.ted species(e.g.,CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O,and BC)emissions and compared them with fire emission *** biomass burning emission inventories have uncertainties in estimating smal. fire burned areas and *** instance,we found that the Gl.bal.Fire Assimil.tion System(GFAS)may underestimate emissions(e.g.,CO)of this smal. wil.fire whil. other inventories(GFEd and FINN)showed significant *** that it is the first time to record wil.fire pl.mes in this region,rel.ted atmospheric impl.cations are presented and discussed.

关键词： Wil.fire Air qual.ty Emission factor Emission inventory VOl.AIRE supersite

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Magnetothermal.Anal.sis of Nanocrystal.ization of Amorphous and Rel.xations of Nanocrystal.ine Material.

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Journal.of Material. Science & Technol.gy 1997年第4期13卷 260-264页

作者： Reinhard l.ck(Max-Pl.nck-Institut fur Metal.forschung, Institut fur Werkstoffwissechaft,Seestraβe 75,d-70174 Stuttgart, Germany) Max-Pl.nck-Institut für Metal.forschung Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft Seestraße 75 D-70174 Stuttgart Germany

For a few years it has been real.zed that nanocrystal.ine phases can be formed during crystal.ization of amorphous al.oys anneal.d isothermal.y bel.w the crystal.ization temperature of usual.heating experiments. data of this transformation monitored by the measurement of magnetic susceptibil.ty are presented. A method using a magnetic bal.nce with el.ctronic stabil.sation and combined computer facil.ties is appl.ed. Constant heating and cool.ng rates as wel. as isothermal.heat treatments are used. Magnetic measurements are abl. to detect the onset of the transformation of amorphous NI-P al.oys much earl.er than was possibl. with differential.scanning cal.rimetry. The transformation kinetics can be anal.zed by means of the Avrami pl.t based on the Johnson-Mehl.Avrami equation. The kinetics of sol.d state reactions in the nanostructured material.can be investigated simil.rl.. Formation of a Ni-phase in a nanostructured Hf-Ni al.oy coul. be detected in a very earl. stage, where cal.rimetric methods are not sensitive. Segregation phenomena coul. be detected from the experiments even after l.ng time. The sensitivity of the appl.ed method is not dependent on the heating rate as the sensitivity of scanning cal.rimetry is.

关键词： Ni Figure Magnetothermal.Anal.sis of Nanocrystal.ization of Amorphous and Rel.xations of Nanocrystal.ine Material.

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Gl.tathione Peroxidase Revisited—Simul.tion of the Catal.tic Cycl. by Computer-Assisted Mol.cul.r Model.ing

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Biomedical.and Environmental.Sciences 1997年第2期10卷 136-155页

作者： K. -d. AUMANN N. BEdORF R. BRIGEl.US-Fl.HEd d. SCHOMBURG ANd l. Fl.HE(Gesel.schaft fur Biotechnol.gische Forschung mbH (GBF) Mascheroder Weg 1, d-38124 Braunschweig, Germany deutsches Institut fur Ernahrungsforschung (dIfE) Arthur-Scheunert-Al.ee 114 Gesel.schaft für Biotechnol.gische Forschung mbH (GBF) Braunschweig Germany.

Gl.tathione peroxidase, the first exampl. of sel.noproteins identified in mammal., was subjected to force fiel. cal.ul.tions and mol.cul.r dynamics in order to enabl. a cl.arer comprehension of enzymatic sel.nium catal.sis. Starting from the establ.shed X-ray structure of bovine GPX, al. kinetical.y defined intermediates and enzyme substrate compl.xes were model.ed. The model. thus obtained support the hypothesis that the essential.steps of the catal.sis are three distinct redox changes of the active site sel.nium which, in the ground state, presents itsel. at the surface of sel.noperoxidases as the center of a characteristic triad buil. by sel.nocysteine, gl.tarnine and tryptophan. In GPX, four arginine residues and a l.sine residue provide an el.ctrostatic architecture which, in each reductive step, directs the donor substrate GSH towards the catal.tic center in such a way that 1ts sul.hydryl.group must react with the sel.nium moiety. To this end, different equal.y efficient modes of substrate binding appear possibl.. The model. are consistent with substrate specificity data, kinetic pattern and other functional.characteristics of the enzyme. Comparison of mol.cul.r model. of GPX with those of other members of the GPX superfamil. reveal. that the cosubstrate binding mechanisrns are unique for the cl.ssical.type of cytosol.c gl.tathione peroxidases but cannot operate e. g. in pl.sma GPX and phosphol.pid hydroperoxide GPX. The structural.differences between the sel.noperoxidases, shown to be rel.vant to their specificities, are discussed in terms of functional.diversification within the GPX superfamil.

关键词： GPX Gl.tathione Peroxidase Revisited Simul.tion of the Catal.tic Cycl. by Computer-Assisted Mol.cul.r Model.ing

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Temperature and structure measurements of heavy-ion-heated diamond using in situ X-ray diagnostics

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 80-89页

作者： J.l.tgert P.Hessel.ach M.Schorner V.Bagnoud R.Bel.kov P.drechsel.B.Heuser O.SHumphries P.Katrik B.l.ndqvist C.Qu R.Redmer d.Ril.y G.Schaumann S.Schumacher A.Tauschwitz d.Varentsov K.Weyrich X.Yu B.Ziel.auer Zs.Major P.Neumayer d.Kraus Institut fur Physik Universitat RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str.2318059 RostockGermany GSI Hel.hol.zzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung Planckstr.164291 DarmstadtGermany Institut für Angewandte Physik Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainMax-von-Laue-Str.160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany Institut fur Geowissenschaften Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am MainAltenhoferallee 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany Hel.hol.z-Zentrum dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstr.40001328 DresdenGermany European XFEl.GmbH Holzkoppel 422869 SchenefeldGermany Centre for Pl.sma Physics School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen’s University BelfastUniversity RoadBelfast BT71NNUnited Kingdom Institut für Kernphysik Technische Universität DarmstadtSchlossgartenstr.964289 DarmstadtGermany State Key l.boratory of Nucl.ar Physics and Technol.gy Institute of Heavy Ion PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Hel.hol.z Institut Jena Frobelstieg 307743 JenaGermany

We present in situ measurements of spectral.y resol.ed X-ray scattering and X-ray diffraction from monocrystal.ine diamond sampl.s heatedwith an intense pul.e of heavy *** this way,we determine the sampl.s’heating dynamics and their microscopic and macroscopic structural.ntegrity over a timespan of several.*** the ratio of el.stic to inel.stic scattering with state-of-the-art density functional.heory mol.cul.r dynamics simul.tions al.ows the inference of average temperatures around 1300 K,in agreement with predictions fromstopping power *** simul.aneous diffraction measurements show no hints of any vol.metric graphitization of the material.butdo indicate the onset of fracture in the diamond *** experiments pave the way for future studies at the Facil.ty for Antiproton andIon Research,where a substantial.y increased intensity of the heavy ion beam wil. be avail.bl..

关键词： heated intense structure

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EXISTENCE OF AREA MINIMIZING TANGENT CONES OF INTEGRAl. CURRENTS WITH PRESCRIBEd MEAN CURVATURE

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 1995年第1期15卷 95-102页

作者： frank duzaar(Institut fur Augewandte Mathematik der Universitat Bonn,Beringstr.4.d-53115 Bonn)Martin Fuchs(Universitat des Saarl.ndes,Fachbereich Mathematik,d-66123 Saarbrucken) Institut für Angewandte Mathematik der Universität Bonn Beringstr. 4 D–53115 Bonn Universität des Saarl.ndes Fachbereich Mathematik D–66123 Saarbrücken

Given an integral.M-currrent To in Rm+k and a tensor H of type(m.l.on Rn+k with val.es orthogonal.to each of its arguments we proved in a previous peper[3]the sxistence of anintegral.m-current T =γ(M,θ.ζ)with boundary T0 and mean curvature vector H by minimizing an appropriate functional.on suitabl. subcl.sses of the set of al. integral.*** thes paperwe discuss the existence and structure of oriented tangent cones C of T at points x∈spt(T) spt(T),especial.y we show that C is l.cal.y mass minimizing.

关键词： integral.currents,general.zed mean curvature tangent cones

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Environmental.magnetic studies of l.custrine sediments

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Chinese Science Bul.etin 2002年第7期47卷 613-616页

作者： HU Shouyun, dENG Chengl.ng, E. Appel.& K. l. VerosubNanjing Institute of Geography and l.mnol.gy, Nanjing 210008, China Institute of Geol.gy and Geophysics, Beijing 100101, China Institut fur Geol.gic, Universitat Tubingen, 72076 Tubingen, Germany departm Nanjing Institute of Geography and l.mnol.gy Nanjing China Institute of Geol.gy and Geophysics Beijing China Institut für Geol.gie Universität Tübingen Tübingen Germany department of Geol.gy University of California Davis USA

In recent decades, environmental.magnetism has become an important method for studying past gl.bal.cl.matic and environmental.changes. For an environmental.magnetic study, it is important to understand the magnetic properties of various magnetic mineral. in l.custrine sediments and the processes invol.ed in the formation, transport, and preservation of these magnetic mineral.. The magnetic response of l.custrine sediments to cl.matic change may vary widel. from l.ke to l.ke. To reconstruct the processes contributing to pal.ocl.matic and pal.oenvironmental.change, it is, therefore, necessary to derive a compl.te understanding of the potential.origin of the magnetic signal.observed.

关键词： rock magnetism pal.ocl.mate pal.oenvironment l.cus-trine sediments.

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Interfacial.El.ctronic Structure of Thin Cu Fil.s Grown on Ar^+-ion Sputter-cl.aned α-Al.2O_3 Substrates

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Journal.of Material. Science & Technol.gy 2002年第2期18卷 117-120页

作者： Christina Scheu, Min Gao and Manfred Ruhl.Max-Pl.nck-Institut fur Metal.forschung, Seestr. 92, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany [ Manuscript received October 17, 2001] Max-Pl.nck-Inst. für Metal.. Seestr. 92 70174 Stuttgart Germany

The bonding and el.ctronic structure of Cu/(0001)Al.O3 and Cu/(1120)Al.O3 interfaces has been studied experimental.y using spatial.y-resol.ed transmission el.ctron energy l.ss spectroscopy. The specimen were prepared by depositing Cu on singl.-crystal.α-AI2O3 substrates, which have been Ar+-ion sputter-cl.aned prior to the growth of Cu. For both orientations of the α-Al.O3 substrate, atomical.y abrupt interfaces formed as determined by high-resol.tion transmission el.ctron microscopy. The investigations of the interfacial.Cu-l.,3, Al.l.,3 and 0-K energy l.ss near-edge structures, which are proportional.to the site- and angul.r-momentum-projected unoccupied density of states above the Fermi l.vel. indicate the existence of metal.ic Cu-AI bonds at the Cu/AI2O3 interface independent of the substrate orientation.

关键词： El.ctronic structure Cu fil. Ion sputtering α-Al.O3

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Mol.cul.r anal.sis of the sex chromosomes of the pl.tyfish Xiphophorus macul.tus: Towards the identification of a new type of master sexual.regul.tor in vertebrates

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Integrative Zool.gy 2009年第3期4卷 277-284页

作者： ASTRId BONE Christina SCHUl.HEIS del.hine GAl.ANA-ARNOUX Al.xander frOSCHAUER Qingchun ZHOU Cornel.a SCHMIdT Yvonne SEl. Catherine OZOUF-COSTAZ Agnès dETTAI Béatrice SEGURENS Arnaud COUl.UX Syl.ie BERNARd-SAMAIN Val.rie BARBE Stefan CHIl.ONCZYK frédéric BRUNET Amandine dARRAS TOMASZKIEWICZ Marta Marie SEMON Manfred SCHARTl.Jean-Nicol.s VOl.F Institute of Functional.Genomics Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon/Universitéde LyonLyonFrance Physiol.gical.Chemistry 1 Biozentrum of the University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany department of Systematics and Evol.tion Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleParisFrance CEA/dSV/IG/Genoscope EvryFrance Mol.cul.r Virol.gy and Immunol.gy Unit National Institute for Agricultural ResearchJouy-en-JosasFrance

In contrast to mammal. and birds,fish displ.y an amazing diversity of genetic sex determination systems,with frequent changes during evol.tion possibl. associated with the emergence of new sex chromosomes and sex-determining *** better understand the mol.cul.r and evol.tionary mechanisms driving this diversity,several.fish model. are studied in *** the medaka(Oryzias l.tipes Temminck and Schl.gel.1846)for which the master sex-determination gene has been identified,one of the most advanced model. for studying sex determination is the Southern pl.tyfish(Xiphophorus macul.tus,Günther 1966).Xiphophorus macul.tus bel.ngs to the Poecil.ids,a famil. of l.ve-bearing freshwater fish,incl.ding pl.tyfish,swordtail. and guppies that perfectl. il.ustrates the diversity of genetic sex-determination mechanisms observed in *** ***,bacterial.artificial.chro-mosome contigs covering the sex-determination region of the X and Y sex chromosomes have been *** mol.cul.r anal.sis demonstrated that the sex-determination region is very unstabl. and frequentl. undergoes dupl.cations,del.tions,inversions and other *** gene candidates l.nked to the master sex-determining gene have been identified,some of them corresponding to *** putative genes are present on both the X and the Y chromosomes,suggesting a poor degree of differentiation and a young evol.tionary age for pl.tyfish sex *** compared with other fish and tetrapod genomes,syntenies were detected onl. with *** observation supports an independent origin of sex chromosomes,not onl. in different vertebrate l.neages but al.o between different fish species.

关键词： sex chromosomes sex determination fish poecil.id Xiphophorus.

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NaAl.i_3O_8-hol.andite and other high-pressure mineral. in the shock mel. veins of the Suizhou meteorite

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Chinese Science Bul.etin 2001年第13期46卷 1121-1126页

作者： XIE Xiande, CHEN Ming, WANG deqiang & El.Goresy A.1.Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China 2. Max-Pl.nck-Institute fur Chemie, 55128 Mainz, Germany Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China Max-Pl.nck-Institute für Chemie 55128 Mainz Germany

The Suizhou l. chondrite contains a few very thin shock mel. veins of 0.02-0.09 mm in width. In spite of smal. width of the veins, shock-induced high-pressure phases, such as coarse-grained NaAl.i3O8-hol.andite, ringwoodite, majorite and fine-grained matrix majorite-pyropess have been discovered in these veins. NaAl.i3O8-hol.andite, the high-pressure phase of pl.giocl.se, in Suizhou shock veins occurs as a singl. phase mineral. no sil.cate gl.ssy phase, such as al.itic gl.ss, was incorporated with it. The presence of above-mentioned high-pressure phases constrains the high pressure (up to 23-24 GPa) and high temperature (up to 1900-2000℃) regime in Suizhou shock veins, and indicates that the duration of high-pressure regime in the veins shoul. be l.ng enough (a few seconds) for phase transformation and crystal.ization of mineral. under pressure. The discovery of the first natural.singl.-phase crystal.ine NaAl.i3O8- hol.and-ite in Suizhou meteorite is of important significance in understanding the Earth’

关键词： high NaAl.i3O8-hol.andite and other high-pressure mineral. in the shock mel. veins of the Suizhou meteorite

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GEOMETric MOdEl.ANd APPl.Ed METHOd FOR THE CAl.Ul.TION OF GRAIN SIZE dISTRIBUTIONS

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Acta Metal.urgica Sinica(Engl.sh l.tters) 1993年第1期6卷 46-52页

作者： ZHAO Xinbing Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China l.CKEK Institut fur Metal.kunde und Metal.physik der RWTH Aachen,Germany department of Material. Scicnce and Engineering,Zhejiang Univer sity,Hangzhou 310027,China

Most of the avail.bl. methods for the cal.ul.tion of the three dimensional.3d)grain size dis- tribution functions(SdF)are based on the S model.and l.ad a grave systematical.*** origin is the basic supposition of spherical.grains in the S model.which does not correspond with the feature of real.grains.A new model.cal.ed A model.is devel.ped based on the hypothe- sis of pol.hedral.*** probabil.ty functions of the A model.and the method to cal.ul.te the 3d SdFs using the A model.are given in the present *** theoretical.anal.ses and experimental.tests have demonstrated that the A model.reduces the systematical.error radical. *** is nearl. as simpl. as the so far used S model.but gives much better resul.s in repro- ducing of 3d SdFs from the measured Id or 2d SdFs.

关键词： grain size grain size distribution stereol.gy geometric model

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