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Islet cell transplantation as a cure for insulin dependent diabetes: current improvements in preserving islet cell mass and function

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2003年第2期2卷 486-495页

作者： MagaliJ.fontaine the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Medical University of South Carolina. Charleston SC 29425 USA

OBJECTIVE: To review the current progress of islet cell transplantation in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes, emphasizing on the difficulties with recovering and preserving islet cell mass and function, 30% of which is lost during the peri-transplantation period. RESULTS: The islet-cell isolation technique is perfected, but improvements are still progressing in two major directions: preservation of islet cells and tolerance induction. Optimum islet cell viability and function depends on appropriate revascularization of the islet graft and blockade of thrombus formation as well as cytokine and free radical release. Conditioning the islet cells in-vitro prior to transplantation to either upregulate VEGF expression or downregulate NF-kappa B transcription factor has proven to improve revascularization and to prevent islet cell apoptosis and cytokine-mediated damage. Tolerance induction is currently being best achieved by selecting and combining immunosuppressive agents such as monoclonal antibodies which target the major signaling molecules during immune activation, but which are least toxic to islet cells. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes will greatly benefit from current developments in effective approaches to protect islets during the peritransplant period. Emerging interest in stem cell biology and differentiation may provide the ultimate solution to the problem of organ scarcity and islet cell protection from the peritransplant induced damage.

关键词： islets of Langerhans transplantation graft function graft preservation type I diabetes

Temperature modifies activity, inter-individual relationships and group structure in a fish

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Current Zoology 2017年第2期63卷 175-183页

作者： Tatiana COLCHEN Fabrice TELETCHEA Pascal fontaine Alain PASQUET Université de Lorraine Unité de Recherche Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux USC INRA 340 F-54506 Vandceuvre-Iès-Nancy Cedex 09 France CNRS (National Center for Scientific Research) Délégation Régionale Centre Est. 17 Rue Notre Dame des Pauvres F-54500 Vandceuvre-Iès-Nancy France

A host of abiotic factors modify fish social behavior. However, few studies have characterized the effects of temperature on behavior. In this study, brown trout Salmo trutta fry were reared at 5 dif- ferent temperatures （4℃, 6℃, 8℃, 10℃, and 12℃）. In order to characterize group structure, 3 be- havioral parameters were investigated： group social structure （based on inter-individual distances）, inter-individual relationships （based on physical contacts）, and individual activity. These behavioral parameters were studied at the emergence stage, which corresponds to a switch from a social gre- garious life in the gravel to a solitary one in the water column. Data analysis showed that the inter- individual distances increased with increasing temperature, particularly the nearest neighbor distance. The mean number of physical contacts between fry increased at both low and high tem- peratures. At high temperatures, most fry moved apart from each other after a physical contact. Swimming activity decreased at both the lower and upper temperatures （18% of activity at 4℃, 38% at 8℃, and 12% at 12℃）. This study showed that temperature modifies brown trout fry activity, inter-individual relationships, and social behavior, which all affect group cohesion before emer- gence and can influence their survival and dispersal.

关键词： early development emergence freshwater species group structure relationships.

Mener des recherches pluridisciplinaires en SHS dans le domaine du cancer:quels leviers,quels freins?Conducting Multidisciplinary SHS Research in the Field of Cancer:Strengths and Barriers?

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Psycho-Oncologie 2024年第2期18卷 101-107页

作者： Sylvie Dolbeault Manon fontaine Diane Boinon Service Psycho-Oncologie et Social Département de Soins de SupportInstitut CurieParis75005France SHARE PSL UniversityParis75005France CESP UniversitéParis SaclayVillejuif91190France Institut la Personne en Médecine Institut de Recherche Saint LouisUniversitéParis CitéParis75013France Institut de Psycho-Oncologie Gustave RoussyVillejuif94805France Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé UniversitéParis CitéBoulogne-Billancourt92100France

This paper summarizes the work held at the Cancéropôle Ile-de-France's annual SHS research seminar on the theme:Pluridisciplinarity and methods for SHS research in thefield of *** clarifying the concepts of pluri-,inter-,and transdisciplinarité,it aimed to describe how this type of research is carried out in practice,addressing successively:the role of stakeholders and their respective positions,the need for a shared language,the various temporalities involved and task sharing,the interview and analysis methods as well as the implication of *** highlighted the personal qualities required to practice this type of research,such as psychologicalﬂexibility and adaptability,a strong desire for collaborative work,acceptance of risk,and a humble stance.

关键词： SHS research interdisciplinarity pluridisciplinarity strengths and barriers oncology

NOTE ON THE CONTINENTAL DEPOSITS OF PENINSULAR THAILAND WITH A DESCRIPITION OF SOME CONCHOSTRACANS

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石油与天然气地质 1990年第1期 31-37页

作者： C.Chonglakmani ,H.fontaine

After making a study of conchostracan fossils taken from the half way between Trong and Krabi on thesouthern Thailand of Malaya Penisula,the deposits bearing this fauna are thought to be *** ***,it is most probably that there are two conchostracan levels found within Thailand so *** be-longs to middle Upper Triassic by Kobayashi,and the other is ours of Middle Jurassic.

关键词： Thailand Continental deposits Biostrata

Spatial evolution of friction of a textured wafer surface

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Friction 2013年第1期1卷 92-97页

作者： Huaping XIAO Ke WANG Grant FOX Michel BELIN Julien fontaine Hong LIANG Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843USA Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843USA Ecole Centrale de Lyon/CNRS-UMR 5513 France

Mechanical failure of integrated circuits and micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS)demands new understanding of friction in small *** present research,we demonstrated an in situ approach to measure sliding friction of a patterned surface composing multi-materials and *** effects of materials and surface morphology on friction and electrical contact resistance were *** material transfer at the interface of dissimilar materials was found to play dominating roles in *** current work provides important insights from the fundamentals of friction that benefit the design of new micro-devices.

关键词： micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS) patterned wafers friction transfer wear electrical contact resistance

Pharmacological manipulation of transcription factor protein-protein interactions:opportunities and obstacles

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Cell Regeneration 2015年第1期4卷 8-19页

作者： Frank fontaine Jeroen Overman Mathias François Division of Genomics of Development and Diseases Institute for Molecular BioscienceThe University of Queensland306 Carmody RoadSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia

Much research on transcription factor biology and their genetic pathways has been undertaken over the last30 years, especially in the field of developmental biology and cancer. Yet, very little is known about the molecularmodalities of highly dynamic interactions between transcription factors, genomic DNA, and protein *** breakthroughs such as RNA-seq (RNA-sequencing), ChIP-seq (chromatin immunoprecipitationsequencing), RIME (rapid immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry of endogenous proteins), and single-moleculeimaging will dramatically accelerate the discovery rate of their molecular mode of action in the next few *** a pharmacological viewpoint, conventional methods used to target transcription factor activity withmolecules mimicking endogenous ligands fail to achieve high specificity and are limited by a lack of identificationof new molecular targets. Protein-protein interactions are likely to represent one of the next major classes oftherapeutic targets. Transcription factors, known to act mostly via protein-protein interaction, may well be atthe forefront of this type of drug development. One hurdle in this field remains the difficulty to collate structuraldata into meaningful information for rational drug design. Another hurdle is the lack of chemical libraries meeting thestructural requirements of protein-protein interaction *** more attempts at modulating transcription factor activity are undertaken, valuable knowledge will be accumulatedon the modality of action required to modulate transcription and how these findings can be applied to developingtranscription factor drugs. Key discoveries will spawn into new therapeutic approaches not only as anticancer targetsbut also for other indications, such as those with an inflammatory component including neurodegenerative disorders,diabetes, and chronic liver and kidney diseases.

关键词： Transcription Screening Proteomics Interactome Pharmacology Specificity Cancer Genomics

Visual classification of feral cat Felis silvestris catus vocalizations

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Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 331-339页

作者： Jessica L. OWENS Mariana OLSEN Amy fontaine Christopher KLOTH Arik KERSHENBAUM Sara WALLER Cooperative Predator Vocalization Consortium South Daytona FL 32119 Department of Philosophy Montana State University Bozeman MT 59717 Department of Wildlife Humboldt State University Arcata CA 95521 Department of Philosophy University of Nevada Reno NV 89503 USA Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3E J UK

Cat vocal behavior, in particular, the vocal and social behavior of feral cats, is poorly understood, as are the differences between feral and fully domestic cats. The relationship between feral cat social and vocal behavior is important because of the markedly different ecology of feral and domestic cats, and enhanced comprehension of the repertoire and potential information content of feral cat calls can provide both better understanding of the domestication and socialization process, and improved welfare for feral cats undergoing adoption. Previous studies have used conflicting classi- fication schemes for cat vocalizations, often relying on onomatopoeic or popular descriptions of call types （e.g., ＂miow＇）. We studied the vocalizations of 13 unaltered domestic cats that complied with our behavioral definition used to distinguish feral cats from domestic. A total of 71 acoustic units were extracted and visually analyzed for the construction of a hierarchical classification of vocal sounds, based on acoustic properties. We identified 3 major categories （tonal, pulse, and broadband） that further breakdown into 8 subcategories, and show a high degree of reliability when sounds are classified blindly by independent observers （Fleiss＇ Kappa K= 0.863）. Due to the limited behavioral contexts in this study, additional subcategories of cat vocalizations may be identified in the future, but our hierarchical classification system allows for the addition of new categories and new subcategories as they are described. This study shows that cat vocalizations are diverse and complex, and provides an objective and reliable classification system that can be used in future studies.

关键词： bioacoustics communication socialization spectrograms.

Vanadium-dependent activation of glucose transport in adipocytes by catecholamines is not mediated via adrenoceptor stimulation or monoamine oxidase activity

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World Journal of Diabetes 2020年第12期11卷 622-643页

作者： Jessica fontaine Geneviève Tavernier Nathalie Morin Christian Carpéné Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche MédicaleINSERM UMR1048UniversitéPaul Sabatier Toulouse IIIToulouse 31432France INSERM UMR 1139 Facultéde Pharmacie Universitéde ParisParis 75006France

BACKGROUND Benzylamine and methylamine activate glucose uptake in *** tyramine,this effect has even been extended to *** To investigate the effects of catecholamines and other amines on glucose *** A screening compared 25 biogenic amines on 2-deoxyglucose(2-DG)uptake activation in rat *** approaches and transgenic mouse models were then used to decipher the mode of action of several *** In rat adipocytes,insulin stimulation of 2-DG uptake was reproduced with catecholamines.100μmol/L or 1 mmol/L adrenaline,noradrenaline,dopamine and deoxyepinephrine,maximally activated hexose transport only when sodium orthovanadate was added at 100μmol/*** activation was similar to that already reported for benzylamine,methylamine and tyramine,well-recognized substrates of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase(SSAO)and monoamine oxidase(MAO).Several,but not all,tested agonists ofβ-adrenoreceptors(β-ARs)also activated glucose transport whileα-AR agonists were *** of blockade byα-andβ-AR antagonists indicated that catecholamine-induced 2-DG uptake was not mediated by AR *** from mice lackingβ1-,β2-andβ3-ARs(triple KO)also responded to millimolar doses of adrenaline or noradrenaline by activating hexose transport in the presence of 100μmol/L *** MAO blocker pargyline,and SSAO inhibitors did not block the effects of adrenaline or noradrenaline plus vanadate,which were blunted by *** Catecholamines exert unexpected insulin-like actions in adipocytes when combined with *** limiting insulin resistance by activating glucose consumption at least in fat stores,we propose that catecholamine derivatives combined with vanadium can generate novel complexes that may have low toxicity and promising anti-diabetic properties.

关键词： Adipocyte Amine oxidases Insulin Diabetes Vanadium Obesity

Free-standing microscale photonic lantern spatial mode(De-)multiplexer fabricated using 3D nanoprinting

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1170-1185页

作者： Yoav Dana Yehudit Garcia Aleksei Kukin Lauren Dallachiesa Sterenn Guerrier Nicolas K.fontaine Dan M.Marom Institute of Applied Physics Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael Nokia Bell Labs 600 Mountain AveNew ProvidenceNJ07974USA

Photonic lantern(PL)spatial multiplexers show great promise for a range of applications,such as future high-capacity mode division multiplexing(MDM)optical communication networks and free-space optical *** enable efficient conversion between multiple single-mode(SM)sources and a multimode(MM)waveguide of the same *** multiplexers operate by facilitating adiabatic transitions between the SM arrayed space and the single MM ***,current fabrication methods are forcing the size of these devices to multi-millimeters,making integration with micro-scale photonic systems quite *** advent of 3D micro and nano printing techniques enables the fabrication of freestanding photonic structures with a high refractive index contrast(photopolymer-air).In this work we present the design,fabrication,and characterization of a 6-mode mixing,375µm long PL that enables the conversion between six single-mode inputs and a single six-mode *** PL was designed using a genetic algorithm based inverse design approach and fabricated directly on a 7-core fiber using a commercial two-photon polymerization-based 3D printer and a *** the waveguides exhibit high index contrast,low insertion loss(−2.6 dB),polarization dependent(−0.2 dB)and mode dependent loss(−4.4 dB)were measured.

关键词： mode enable printing