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evaluation of the Drying Quality of Two Types of edible Mushrooms (Termitomyces sp. and Pleurotus sp.) and Their Impact on the Antioxidant Content

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第2期12卷 256-265页

作者： Alain M. Bita Claude N’dembe Bibalou flore.e. moutoula boula Patrick Obel Okeli Attibayeba National School of Agronomy and Forestry Brazzaville The Republic of Congo National Agency for the Valorization of Research Results Brazzaville The Republic of Congo Laboratory of Bromatology and Food Technology (DTA) of the National Institute of Agronomic Research (IRA) Brazzaville The Republic of Congo Laboratory of Nutrition and Human Food (LaNaH) Faculty of Science and Technology Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville The Republic of Congo Laboratory of Plant Physiology Biology (LPBV) Faculty of Science and Technology Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville The Republic of Congo

The objective of this work is to dry the mushrooms to evaluate the impact of drying on them. The drying of mushrooms in the oven, in the solar dryer and in the microwave indicated that for Termitomyces sp. the total polyphenol contents were 15.20 mgeAG/gMs for the microwave drying (280 W), 13.61 mgeAG/gMs for the oven drying (60°C), and 9.81 mgeAG/gMs for the solar dryer drying (40°C). For Pleurotus sp., the contents obtained were 13.79 mgeAG/gMs for microwave drying (280 W), 8.36 mgeAG/gMs for oven drying (60°C) and 8.98 mgeAG/gMs for solar drying (40°C). Regarding flavonoids, for Termitomyces sp., this revealed 0.5797 mgeCa/gMs for microwave drying (280 W), 0.729 mgeCa/gMs for oven drying (60°C) and 0.5671 mgeCa/gMs for solar drying (40°C). The flavonoid contents for Pleurotus sp. gave 0.842 mgeCa/gMs for microwave drying (280 W), 1.06 mgeCa/gMs for oven drying (60°C) and, 0.425 mgeCa/gMs for solar drying (40°C). For Termitomyces sp., the levels of free radical scavenging activity varied from 13.02 mg/mL for microwave drying, 25.08 mg/mL for oven drying, and 22.25 mg/mL for solar drying;while for Pleurotus sp., 15.96 mg/mL for microwave drying, 39.90 mg/mL for oven drying, and 31.60 mg/mL for solar drying.

关键词： evaluation Quality Drying Fungi Impact Antioxidant

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The effect of Macronutrient Restrictions on Gut Microbiome and Biochemical Parameters of Wistar Albino Rats

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第6期12卷 286-310页

作者： Blandine Ngum Shu Bernard Tiencheu Fabrice Tonfack Djikeng Deffo Ngongang flore Tiepma Dibanda Romelle Feumba Yolandia Jamea Nganje epanty Lyonga Agnes Namondo Mbongo Aduni Ufuan Achidi Department of Public Health and Administration School of Health Sciences Biaka University Institut of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Macronutrients serve as a source of energy for both gut microbiota and its host. An increase or decrease in macronutrients can either increase or decrease the composition of gut microbiota, leading to gut dysbiosis which has been implicated in many diseases state including non-communicable diseases. To achieve this, seven diets were formulated by restricting 60% of each macronutrient. These diets were fed on 42 albino rats (Wistar), divided into 7 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 was fed on a normal laboratory chow diet (ND), group 2 received a fat-restricted diet (FRD), group 3 received a protein-restricted diet, (PFD), group 4 received a carbohydrate-restricted diet (CRD), group 5 received a protein and fat-restricted diet (PFRD), group 6 re-ceived a carbohydrate and fat-restricted diet (CFRD) and group 7 received a carbohydrate and protein-restricted diet (CPRD). Feed and water intake were given ad libitum and daily weight and food intake were recorded. The experiment went on for 4 weeks after which animals were sacrificed and intestinal content and blood were collected for analysis (gut microbial composition, glucose, insulin levels, serum lipid, and enzyme). Compared to the control group results showed a decrease in Bacteroides (40.50 - 14.00 CFU), HDL (68.20 - 40.40 mg/dl), and AST (66.62 - 64.74 U/L) in FRD. An increase in AST (66.6 - 69.43 U/L), Bifidobacterial (59.50 - 92.00 CFU) and decreased Bacteroides (40.5 - 19.5 CFU) for PRD was also recorded. CRD reduced Lactobacillus (73 - 33.5 CFU), total bacterial count (129 - 48 CFU), HDL (68.2 - 30.8 mg/dl), and cholesterol (121.44 - 88.65 mg/dl) whereas intestinal composition of e. coli (30.5 - 51.5 CFU) increased. PFRD increased Lactobacillus (73.00 - 102.5 CFU), Bifidobacterial (59.5 - 100 CFU), HDL (68.2 - 74.7 mg/dl), and Triglyceride (111.67 - 146.67 mg/dl) concentration. Meanwhile, a reduction in Bifidobacterial (59.5 - 41.5 CFU), and an increasing of AST (66.62 - 70.30 U/l) were recorded for CFRD. However,

关键词： Diets Dysbiosis Gut Microbiome Lipid Profile Serum enzymes Non-Communicable Disease Gut Microbiota Gut Dysbiosis Restricted Diet

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Assessment of Spermatic Chromatin Decondensation by the Toluidine Blue Assay in Infertile Patients in Cotonou

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2022年第2期10卷 37-48页

作者： Yaude Alfred Azonbakin Simon Aweh Bruno Dangbemey Patrice Sissoko Sidi boula Dossou Jean-Paul flore Gangbo Laleye Anatole Laboratory of Histology Reproductive Biology Cytogenetics and Medical Genetics Faculty of Health Sciences Cotonou Benin Department of Gynaecology-Obstetrics Mother and Child Teaching Hospital of Cotonou Cotonou Benin Pathological Anatomy and Cytology Department of the point’s G Teaching Hospital in Bamako Mali Laboratory of Andrology Human Reproduction and Demography Research Center CERRHUD Cotonou Benin

Background: A high level of sperm chromatin decondensation results in loss of DNA quality and it is associated with poor embryonic prognosis in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). This had lead to introduction of sperm DNA compaction testing in assessment of clinical male infertility. Toluidine blue assay is one of most commonly used tests to measure chromatin decondensation in research studies and also in clinical routine use. So the objective of our study was to assess the level of sperm chromatin decondensation by toluidine blue assay in men dealing with couple infertility. Methods: The sperm samples of 96 patients referred for infertility, over a 4-month period from September 2020 to January 2021, were stained with toluidine blue and observed under an optical microscope. These were evaluated according to the World Health Organization. Results: The 25 - 34 age group was the most represented among infertile men. There was a non-significant correlation between age and the level of spermatic chromatin condensation (r = 0.0348). Spermatic parameters had averages above standards norms, apart from that of low vitality. Spermatic chromatin decondenization affected 96% of infertile patients. Asthenozoospermia was the most common abnormality. Among standard parameters of spermogram, only the concentration of spermatozoa in the semen was weakly correlated (r = 0.18) with sperm chromatin decondensation. Conclusion: The level of sperm chromatin condensation is, on the one hand, a parameter independent of the age of the subject; on the other hand, allows to evaluate male infertility, like the classic parameters of the spermogram and spermocytogram. However, in view of the high probability of changes in the nuclear quality of sperm intrinsic to the analysis process and sperm concentration, an improvement of the toluidine blue test using the swim-up technique and associated with image processing software is possible.

关键词： Male Infertility Decondensation Spermatic Chromatin Toluidine Blue

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Formulation of Biofungicides from Cymbopogon citratus and Tithonia diversifolia: evaluating Its Antimicrobial Activities against Pythium myriotylum, the Causal Agent of Root Rot of Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第8期14卷 896-914页

作者： Magni Pacha Tatiana flore Tene Tayo Paul Martial Foka Tatiekam ebenezer Dzelamonyuy Aristide ewane Cecile Annie Mbouopda Herman Désire Boudjeko Thaddée Laboratory of Phytoprotection and Valorization of Genetic Resources Biotechnology Centre-Nkolbisson Yaounde Cameroon Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis USA Department of Biochemistry University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of Biology University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon

Three fungicide formulations, namely M1, M2 and M3, were prepared from sodium bicarbonate, citronella essential oil and sunflower slurry. The stability of M1, M2 and M3 formulations was determined based on pH, temperature, order of incorporation of the inputs and storage time. The most stable formulations were used for antagonistic tests on Pythium myriotylum. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was used for the greenhouse tests and the mode of action was determined in vitro. The study showed that the order of incorporation of the inputs “essential Oil-Tween 80-Bicarbonate-Slurry” (eO-T80-B-S) promotes stability. M1 and M2 are stable at 4°C, 25°C, 37°C and 40°C temperatures and have a pH of 7 and 8 respectively. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of M1 and M2 is 1% on P. myriotylum. M1 and M2 act on Pythium by membrane lysis, inhibiting proton pumps and inhibiting protein synthesis. The formulations M1 and M2 reduce the incidence of root rot disease in cocoyam plants growth in the greenhouse. M1 and M2 are potential candidates for improvement of cocoyam seedlings production in Cameroon.

关键词： Biofungicide Xanthosoma sagittifolium Pythium myriotylum Root Rot Disease

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Papulosa Nigra Dermatosis Another Factor Associated with Cardio-Vascular Diseases?

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2023年第12期13卷 819-826页

作者： Solange flore Ngamami Mongo Bani Aloise Macaire Franck Yannis Kouikani Kivié Mou-Moué Ngolo Letomo Bayonne S. e. Kombo Bertrand Fikahem ellenga Mbolla Department of Cardiology B University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of Congo Departement of Medecine Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of Congo General Hospital of Loandjili Pointe Noire Republic of Congo

Objectives: To determine the correlation between dermatosis papulosa nigra (DPN) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Patients and Method: A retrospective study was conducted between April 2022 and March 2023 in cardiology at Loandjili General Hospital. Were included all adult patients older than 18 years of age presenting with DPN, and divided into two groups according to the presence of CVD. Hypertension (HT), endomyocardial fibrosis, dilated and restrictive cardiomyopathy, chronic pulmonary heart, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and valvular heart disease were retained as CVD. Pregnant women, Peutz Jeghers syndrome and all dermatosis with cardiovascular manifestations were excluded. Studied variables were clinico-demographic, hereditary and behavioral. Results: A total of 55 patients were selected. There were 40 patients with CVD, 15 patients without CVD, 43 women (78.1%) and 12 men (21.8%). Mean age was 52 ± 12.6 years (extremes: 22 - 85 years). There was a significant difference between age and sex (P 0.05). There were 34 hypertensive patients, 10 patients with diabetes mellitus, 7 strokes, 2 endomyocardial fibrosis and 2 ischemic heart diseases. Periorbital location was representative was frequently found in the group with CVD. Hereditary and behavioral factors were involved in the development of DPN and CVD. There was a significant correlation between DPN and onset in childhood (P 0.05), between hypertension and use of medication (P 0.05), and between onset in childhood (P 0.05) and use of mercury containing soap (P 0.05). Conclusion: DPN predominates in young women. The occurrence of CVD depends on DPN location. Hereditary and behavioral factors associated with development of DPN are CVD factor risks.

关键词： Papulosa Nigra Cardiovascular Disease Correlation Pointe Noire

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Magnetic Characterization of Amphibolites from the Fomopéa Pluton(West Cameroon):Their Implication in the Pan-African Deformation of the Central African Fold Belt

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Acta Geologica Sinica(english edition) 2012年第1期86卷 73-84页

作者： NJANKO Théophile FOZING eric Martial KWéKAM Maurice YAKeU SANDJO Angéline flore NJONFANG emmanuel Laboratory of environmental Geology Department of Earth SciencesDschang University Laboratory of Geology ENS Yaounde I University

The Fomopea granitic pluton is emplaced in gnessic and amphibolitic basement. These gneissic and amphibolitic basement rocks are represented in the pluton＇s body as sub-rounded, elongated or stretched xenoliths. Amphibolitic xenoliths display testimonies of two main tectonic events namely：（i） el flattening deformation event characterized by a NW-Se to e-W foliation with a best pole at 246/57 and a mineral stretched lineation with a best line at 293/47; and （ii） e2 compressive event typified by （1） N-S to NNe-SSW steeply dipping foliation; （2） S-type flexion-fold indicating a sinistral shear movement. These amphibolite rocks indicate a magnetic susceptibility magnitude （Km） range from 418 ~SI to 90092 IISI for 87% of the stations showing a ferromagnetic behavior. K-T curves reveal the presence of Ti-poor magnetite as susceptibility mineral carrier. Magnetic foliation and lineation suggest that the N-S strike direction observed in the Bamendou amphibolite is, as pointed out elsewhere in the Central African Fold Belt, of paramount importance in the tectonic evaluation of the Fomopea area, since it has most likely acted as major deformation phase in the second tectonic event in the belt.

关键词： amphibolite anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) Pan-African fold belt Cameroon

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Benchmarking the performance of Bayesian optimization across multiple experimental materials science domains

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1742-1751页

作者： Qiaohao Liang Aldair e.Gongora Zekun Ren Armi Tiihonen Zhe Liu Shijing Sun James R.Deneault Daniil Bash flore Mekki-Berrada Saif A.Khan Kedar Hippalgaonkar Benji Maruyama Keith A.Brown John Fisher III Tonio Buonassisi Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMAUnited States Boston University BostonMAUnited States Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology SingaporeSingapore Air Force Research Laboratory DaytonOhioUnited States Agency for Science Technology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore National University of Singapore SingaporeSingapore Present address:Aalto University EspooFinland Present address:Northwestern Polytechincal University(NPU) Xi’anShaanxi P.R.China

Bayesian optimization(BO)has been leveraged for guiding autonomous and high-throughput experiments in materials ***,few have evaluated the efficiency of BO across a broad range of experimental materials *** this work,we quantify the performance of BO with a collection of surrogate model and acquisition function pairs across five diverse experimental materials *** defining acceleration and enhancement metrics for materials optimization objectives,we find that surrogate models such as Gaussian Process(GP)with anisotropic kernels and Random Forest(RF)have comparable performance in BO,and both outperform the commonly used GP with isotropic *** with anisotropic kernels has demonstrated the most robustness,yet RF is a close alternative and warrants more consideration because it is free from distribution assumptions,has smaller time complexity,and requires less effort in initial hyperparameter *** also raise awareness about the benefits of using GP with anisotropic kernels in future materials optimization campaigns.

关键词： optimization performance acceleration

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Plant Biodiversity and Structure of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora var. robusta) Agroforests in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Forestry 2023年第2期13卷 225-241页

作者： Ngomeni Arlende flore Chimi Djomo Cédric Kabelong Banoho Louis Paul Roger Temgoua Lucie Félicité Avana Marie Louise Tchamba Ngankam Martin Bidzanga Nnomo Lucien emmanuel Institute of Agricultural Research for the Development (IRAD) Yaounde Cameroon Institute of Agricultural Research for the Development (IRAD) Yokadouma Cameroon Plant Systematics and ecology Unit Laboratory of Botany and Ecology Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaounde I Yaoundé Cameroon Laboratory of environmental Geomatics Department of Forestry Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Agroforests are man-made ecosystems in which crops are associated with a main perennial species like Robusta Coffee Agroforests (RCAs), which is counted among the main modes of perennial crops production in Cameroon. Despite the rich ecosystem services provided, the diversity of Associated Species (AS) found in these RCAs and the structure of the landscapes they form remain little known in Cameroon. The current study aimed to inventory AS and characterize the structure of RCAs in four sites (Ayos, Malantouen, Melong and Nkongsamba) belonging to three robusta coffee production basins in Cameroon. A systematic inventory with dendrometric measurements of the wood AS and coffee trees was carried out on 120 one-hectare plot unit, i.e. 30 plots per site. The results showed that 102 AS belonging to 83 genera and 41 families were identified in these RCAs. The RCAs of Ayos in the dense rainforest zone with bimodal rainfall pattern were the most diverse with 71 species, followed by those of Melong and Nkongsamba with respectively 39 and 33 species respectively in the dense rainforest zone with monomodal rainfall pattern, and Malantouen with 33 species in the high savannahs of the west. Structurally, average coffee tree and AS densities founded ranged from 1208 - 1456 plants/ha and 71 - 214 stems/ha and those of basal area from 7.29 - 17.40 m2/ha for coffee trees and 7.97 - 16.14 m2/ha for AS in function of site. Basis on the vertical stratification, the proportion of the 3 - 6 m stratum, which is mainly represented by introduced AS, varied from 38% - 62% depending on the site. The results of this study showed that RCAs contribute to the conservation of plant biodiversity, given the specific richness identified in these ecosystems.

关键词： Associated Species Species Richness Horizontal Structure Vertical Structure Production Basin

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Quality Control of Selected Antimalarials Sold in the Illicit Market: An Investigation Conducted in Porto-Novo City (Republic of Benin)

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2015年第10期6卷 637-644页

作者： Farid Baba-Moussa Jacob Bonou Hélène Ahouandjinou Tamègnon Victorien Dougnon Lisette Kpavode Nawal Raimi Aurore Ogouyemi-Hounto Idrissou Abdoulaye Fatiou Toukourou Frédéric Loko Dorothée Kindé-Gazard flore Gangbo Lamine Baba-Moussa National laboratory Control of Quality of Medicines and edible Medical Ministry of Health Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Microbiology and Food Technology Faculty of Sciences and Techniques University of Abomey-Calavi Institute of Applied Biomedical Sciences Champ de Foire Cotonou Benin Research Laboratory in Applied Biology Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Parasitology and Mycology Laboratory Faculty of Health Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Biochemistry Laboratory Faculty of Health Sciences CNHU-HKM Cotonou Benin Cytogenetics and Human Biology Laboratory ISBA-Champ de Foire Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology Faculty of Sciences and Techniques University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

Malaria is a parasitic disease caused by the bite of female Anopheles mosquito and particularly affects the tropical areas of the world. According to national statistics it is the leading cause of consultations and hospitalizations. Nowadays, despite the surveillance systems for efficient malaria control and access to generic drugs, Benin is witnessing an increased development of illicit drug markets with a large part of the population going towards such markets. However, this is not without adverse impact on the health of individuals, as well as, the economic status of the country. Therefore, the situation needs to be seriously considered by policy makers at various levels, health professionals but also the entire international community in order to thwart this *** the aforementioned situation, the current study was undertaken aiming to perform a quality control of selected antimalarial drugs of the illegal market in Porto-Novo city. Therefore, 40 antimalarial batches were randomly collected in the illicit drug market and submitted to analytical tests such as: macroscopic examination (a visual and critical examination);mass uniformity test;disintegration test;identification test and active ingredients’ content measurement. At the end of the study, the percentages of non-compliance is 97.5%, 5%, 15% and 27.5%, respectively for the content uniformity tests, disintegration, identification and assay. Over-all, 42.5% of noncompliance was recorded. The findings of this study prove that street vended drugs offer no guarantee of good quality and pose a threat to the health of populations. Also, the rate of non-compliance denotes a flaw in the security of the drug distribution system.

关键词： Antimalarial Counterfeit Medicine Quality Control Illicit Market

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Cardiac Tamponade: epidemioclinical, Therapeutic and evolutionary Aspects at the University Hospital of Brazzaville

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2021年第12期11卷 572-582页

作者： Solange flore Mongo Ngamami Armel Landry Batchi-Bouyou evariste Pabingui Christian Michel Kouala Landa Bertrand Fikahem ellenga Mbolla Jean Joseph ekwa Sima Méo Stéphane Ikama Suzy-Gisèle Kimbally Kaky Department of Cardiology University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Department of Doctoral Studies Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo

Objectives: Contribute to improving the management of cardiac tamponade in Congo. Background: Cardiac tamponade is an acute or subacute compression of the heart chambers by pericardial effusion responsible for uncertain prognosis for patients. The objective of this study is to help improve the management of patients with cardiac tamponade. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study at the University Hospital of Brazzaville, from January 2015 to December 31, 2019. Included were all patients hospitalized for cardiac tamponade. Epidemioclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary data were analyzed. Results: An overall of 14 patients were divided into 9 men (64.2%) and 5 women (35.7%), ie="white-space:normal;">.e.e="white-space:normal;font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> a sex ratio of 1.8. The mean age of patients was 34.2 ± 15.1 years old (18 years to 64). The most represented comorbidity was hypertension (n = 2;14.3%). The most frequent clinical sign was dyspnea (n = 14;100%). The eCG showed diffuse and concordant repolarization disturbances (n = 14;100%), sinus tachycardia (n = 13;92.8%), microvoltage (n = 12;85.7%). Cardiomegaly was constant (n = 14;100%). In terms of transthoracic ultrasound, we found: diastolic compression of the right ventricle (RV) (n = 12;85.7%), dilation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) (n = 12;85.7%). Treatment consisted of crystalloid vascular filling in all patients, pericardial punc

关键词： Cardiac Tamponade Clinical Presentation Treatment Congo

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