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Multiple generation effects of high temperature on the development and fecundity of Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius）（Hemiptera Aleyrodidae） biotype B

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Insect Science 2013年第4期20卷 541-549页

作者： Jian-Ying Guo Lin Cong fang-hao wan State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of AgriculturalSciences Beijing China

Insects are ectotherms and their ability to resist temperature stress is limited. The immediate effects of sub-lethal heat stress on insects are well documented, but longer- term effects of such stresses are rarely reported. In this study, survival, development and reproduction of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius）（Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae） biotype B, were compared over five consecutive generations at 27, 31 and 35℃ and for one generation at 37 ℃. Both temperature and generation significantly affected the fitness of the whitefly. These impacts were more dramatic with increasing generations and temperatures. Among the experimental temperatures, the most favorable for development and reproduction were 27 ℃ and 31 ℃. At 27 ℃, survival, development and fecundity were all stable over these five generations. At 31 ℃, immature survival rate was the highest in the fifth generation, but female fecundities decreased in the fourth and fifth generations. At 35 ℃, egg hatching rate, immature survival rate and female fecundity decreased significantly in the fourth and fifth generations. At 37 ℃, survival ofB. tabaci was not adversely affected, but female fecundity at 37 ℃ was less than 10% of that at 27 ℃ or 31 ℃. These results demonstrate that the lethal high temperature for B. tabaci is over 37 ℃, and the whitefly population continued expanding in the five generations at 35 ℃. The ability orB. tabaci biotype B to survive high temperature stress will play an important role in its population extension under global warming.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci biotype B high temperature stress multiple generation ef-fects population expansion

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Functional response, host stage preference and interference of two whitefly parasitoids

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Insect Science 2016年第1期23卷 134-144页

作者： Hai-Yun Xu Nian-wan Yang Min Duan fang-hao wan State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shenzhen Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao Shandong Province China

The functional responses of two parasitoids, Eretmocerus hayati Zolnerowich ＆ Rose and Encarsia sophia Girault ＆ Dodd, of whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius Middle East-Asia Minor 1 were studied under laboratory conditions. In addition, the influence of host density and host stage on the competitive interactions between the two parasitoids, and biological control effect on whitefly were evaluated. In the functional response study, adult parasitoids were tested individually, with a conspecific or heterospecific competitor. Both Er. hayati and En. sophia exhibited a type II response to increasing host density, whether a conspecific or heterospecific competitor was present or not. Difference of searching rates and handling times between treatments suggested interference interactions existed between two parasitoid species. In the host stage preference study, two parasitoid species were jointly tested. Er. hayati had a competitive advantage over En. sophia when provided young host instars （first and second instar）, whereas no advantage was found on old host instars （third and fourth instar）. The biological control effect ofEr hayati and En. sophia in different introductions varied with host density. However, the effect of host instar on host mortality was not significant. These findings provide information for the practice of biological control and give better insight into how parasitoid species may coexist in diverse environments.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci Encarsia sophia Eretmocerus hayati functional response interspecific competition

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Effects of photoperiod and temperature on reproductive diapause in Ophraella communa （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae）, a potential biocontrol agent against Ambrosia artemisiifolia

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Insect Science 2012年第3期19卷 286-294页

作者： Dao-Hong Zhu Jing Zhu Zhao-Pu Peng fang-hao wan Laboratory of Insect Behavior and Evolutionary Ecology Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha Laboratory of Zoology Hunan First Normal UniversityChangsha Institute of Plant Protection Hunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangsha State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina

To investigate the seasonal adaptation strategies of Ophraella communa to new habitats, the effects and regulation mechanisms of photoperiod and temperature on the reproductive diapause in a population collected from Changsha, Hunan were examined. Adults showed obvious reproductive diapause, which was regulated by photoperiod and temperature. At 30~C, there was no adult diapause occurring under either long-day or short-day conditions; at 25~C the pre-oviposition period was short and fecundity was high in adult females under L ： D 16 ： 8 h, whereas under L ： D 12 ： 12 h, a few females entered reproductive diapause; at 20~C under short-day conditions, all female adults entered diapause. The pre-oviposition period was significantly prolonged when the pupae and adults were transferred from long-days to short-days, but the day length influence was not obvious when they were transferred only in the adult stage. However, the fecundity dropped greatly no matter whether the photoperiod shifted to short-days only in the adult stage or whether the shift occurred in both the pupal and adult stage. The fecundity was extremely low when photoperiod shifted from long-days to short-days in both pupal and adult stages. This was an indication that the pupal and adult stages were the photoperiod-sensitive stage for adult reproductive diapause. This was especially true for the photoperiod in the pupal stage, which has a distinctly significant regulative effect on reproductive diapause. Additionally, this article also addresses the reason for different photoperiodic response patterns in reproductive diapause induction between the Changsha strain and the Tsukuba strain （Japan） of O. communa.

关键词： Ophraella communa photoperiod reproductive diapause temperature

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Host selection by the autoparasitoid Encarsia pergandiella on primary （Bemisia tabacl） and secondary （Eretmocerus mundus） hosts

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Insect Science 2015年第6期22卷 793-802页

作者： Yi-Bo Zhang Cristina Castane Rosa Gabarra Ramon Albajes fang-hao wan Sustainable Plant Protection Department Institute for Research and Technology in Agriculture (IRTA) 08348 Cabrils Barcelona Agrotecnio Center Universitat de Lleida Rovira Roure 191 25198 Lleida Spain State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China.

In autoparasitoids, females are generally primary endoparasitoids of Hemiptera, while males are hyperparasitoids developing in or on conspecific females or other primary parasitoids. Female-host acceptance can be influenced by extrinsic and/or intrinsic factors. In this paper, we are concerned with intrinsic factors such as nutritional status, mating status, etc. We observed the behavior of Encarsia pergandiella Howard （Hymenoptera： Aphelinidae） females when parasitizing primary （3rd instar larvae ofBemisia tabaci Gen- nadius [Homoptera： Aleyrodidae]） and secondary hosts （3rd instar larvae and pupae of Eretmocerus rnundus Mercet [Hymenoptera： Aphelinidae]） for a period of 1 h. Females had different reproductive （virgin or mated younger） and physiological （fed elder or mated elder） status. Virgin females killed a large number of secondary hosts while investing a long time per host. However, they did not feed upon them. Mated females killed a lower number of secondary hosts and host feeding was observed in both consuming primary and secondary hosts. It was common to observe host examining females of all physiological statues tested repeatedly stinging the same hosts when parasitizing, killing or rejecting them. Fed elder females parasitized more B. tabaci larvae than E. mundus larvae or pupae, while investing less time on the primary host than on the secondary host. They also para- sitized more B. tabaci larvae than mated elder females, while investing less time per host. The access of females to honey allowed them to lay more eggs.

关键词： direct observation female physiological status Heteronomous hyperpara-sitoids host acceptance behavior

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Effects of host, temperature and relative humidity on competitive displacement of two invasive Bemisia tabaci biotypes [Q and B]

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Insect Science 2012年第5期19卷 595-603页

作者： Dong Chu Yun-Li Tao You-Jun Zhang fang-hao wan Judith K Brown High-tech Research Center Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China School of Plant Sciences The University of Arizona Tucson USA

Bemisia tabaci shifted unexpectedly in China from a predominance of B biotype to Q biotype during 2005-2008. This observation stimulated an interest in inves- tigating whether environmental factors, including host, temperature and relative humidity （RH） could possibly explain the observed shift in biotypes distribution. Results indicated that all three parameters examined influenced biotype survivability. The percentage of B biotype, when reared together on pepper plants with the Q biotype, decreased significantly from 66.7% in the founder population, to 13.6% and 3.7% in the first and second genera- tions, respectively. When the B （founder at 66.7%） and Q （founder at 33.3%） biotypes were reared together on eggplant alone, or on pepper-plus-eggplant combination, the population size of the B biotype either remained constant, or increased somewhat in the first and sec- ond generations. On eggplant, the effects of RH and temperature on the competitiveness between the Q and B biotypes （3 pairs of Q and 6 pairs of B） were not significant.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci B biotype Q biotype biological invasion host plant non-competitive displacement

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Mating and host density affect host feeding and parasitism in two species of whitefly parasitoids

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Insect Science 2011年第1期18卷 78-83页

作者： Lian-Sheng Zang Tong-Xian Liu Fan Zhang Shu-Sen Shi fang-hao wan Institute of Biological Control Jilin Agricultural University Changchun Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Entomology Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi Institute of Plant and Environment Protection Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Beijing China

The parasitoids in the genera of Encarsia and Eretmocerus （Hymenoptera： Aphelinidae） are important biological control agents of whiteflies, and some of them not only parasitize hosts but also kill them with strong host-feeding capacity. Two whitefly parasitoid species, Encarsia sophia and Eretmocerus melanoscutus were examined to determine if mating and host density affected their host feeding and parasitism. The whitefly host, Bemisia tabaci, was presented to these two wasp species in densities of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 third-instar nymphs per clip cage. Mated whitefly parasitoid females fed on more hosts than unmated females under a range of host densities （under all six host densities for En. sophia; under the densities of 40 nymphs or more for Er. melanoscutus）. Meanwhile, mated females parasitized more whitefly nymphs than unmated females under all host densities for both species. With increase of host density, mated or unmated Er. melanoscutus females killed more hosts by host feeding and parasitism. Mated En. sophia females killed more hosts by host feeding with increase of host density, whereas unmated females did not parasitze whitefly nymphs at all. Our results suggest that only mated female parasitoids with host-feeding behavior should be released in crop systems to increase their bio-control efficiency.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci biological control Encarsia sophia Eretmocerus melanoscutus

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Analysis of expressed sequence tags （ESTs） from a normalized cDNA library and isolation of EST simple sequence repeats from the invasive cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis

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Insect Science 2015年第6期22卷 761-767页

作者： Hui Li Kun-Ling Lang Hai-Bin Fu Chang-Peng Shen fang-hao wan Dong Chu Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province College of Agronomy and Plant Protection Qingdao AgriculturalUniversity Qingdao Shandong Province China Shenyang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Shenyang China StateKey Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS) Beijing China

The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, is a serious and invasive pest. At present, genetic resources for studying P. solenopsis are limited, and this negatively affects genetic research on the organism and, consequently, translational work to improve management of this pest. In the present study, expressed sequence tags （ESTs） were analyzed from a normalized complementary DNA library of/？. solenopsis. In addition, EST-derived microsatellite loci （also known as simple sequence repeats or SSRs） were isolated and characterized. A total of 1107 high-quality ESTs were acquired from the library. Clustering and assembly analysis resulted in 785 unigenes, which were classified functionally into 23 categories according to the Gene Ontology database. Seven EST-based SSR markers were developed in this study and are expected to be useful in characterizing how this invasive species was introduced, as well as providing insights into its genetic microevolution.

关键词： expressed sequence tags microsatellite marker normalized cDNA library Phenacoccus solenopsis

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Genetic differentiation of Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius）（Hemiptera： Aleyrodidae） biotype Q based on mitochondrial DNA markers

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Insect Science 2008年第2期15卷 115-123页

作者： Dong Chu fang-hao wan Yun-Li Tao Guo-Xia Liu Zhong-Xue Fan Yu-Ping Bi High-tech Research Center Shandong Academy of Agncultural Sciences Jinan Shandong The State Key Laboratory for Biology ofPlant Diseasesand Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agncultural Sciences Beijing China

In the present study, genetic differentiation of Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius） biotype Q was analyzed based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I （mt CO1） gene sequence. The results showed that B. tabaci biotype Q could be separated into two subclades, which were labeled as subclades Q1 and Q2. Subclade Q1 was probably indigenous to the regions around the Mediterranean area and subclade Q2 to Israel or Cyprus. It was because B. tabaci was composed of several genetically distinct groups with a strong geographical association between more closely related biotypes. Not all of the B. tabaci biotype Q in the non-Mediterranean countries come from the same regions. Until now, all B. tabaci biotype Q in China were grouped into subclade Q 1. The B. tabaci biotype Q introduced into the US included both subclades Q 1 and Q2. The genetic structure analysis showed higher genetic variation of subclade Q 1 than that of subclade Q2.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci biotype Q genetic differentiation mitochondria COI gene

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Potential geographical distribution of Rhagoletis pomonella （Diptera： Tephritidae）in China

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Insect Science 2011年第5期18卷 575-582页

作者： Jian Geng Zhi-Hong Li Edwin G. Rajotte fang-hao wan Xiao-Yu Lu Zhi-Ling wang Department of Entomology College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing Gaoming Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Foshan Guangdong Province China College of Agricultural Sciences The Pennsylvania State University State College Pennsylvania USA Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China

Apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella （Walsh） is a major pest causing considerable economic losses of fruits in North America. During the development of international trade, apple maggot fly has become a threat to Chinese agriculture. In this study, CLIMEX and ArcGIS were used to predict the potential geographical distribution of apple maggot fly in China. The parameters used in CLIMEX for apple maggot fly were derived from ecological data and the present geographical distribution of apple maggot fly in North America. Then the potential distribution map in China was presented based on the adjusted values of these parameters. The results showed that apple maggot fly has a wide potential distribution area in China; 47.5% of 748 meteorological stations presented high or medium suitability of pest establishment. These high suitable stations are mainly located in northeast, southwest and northwest of China, such as Liaoning, Shandong, Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces. These areas are also the central regions of apple, pear and peach production in China. Two hundred and twenty-five stations （30.1%） in westem and southern China, such as Tibet, Qinghai, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Taiwan, were unsuitable for establishment of apple maggot fly populations. In order to prevent the introduction of apple maggot fly in China, the present plant quarantine measures should be enhanced, especially in the areas with high suitability for the presence of apple maggot fly.

关键词： apple maggot fly ArcGIS CLIMEX potential geographical distribution Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh)

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Protective mechanisms of hypaconitine and glycyrrhetinic acid compatibility in oxygen and glucose deprivation injury

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2017年第7期18卷 586-596页

作者： Li-qin wanG Yu HE hao-fang wan Hui-fen ZHOU Jie-hong YANG Hai-tong wan Cardio-Cerebro Vascular Research Institute Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou 310053 China

This study investigated the protective effect of the compatibility of hypaconitine （HA） and glycyrrhetinic acid （GA） on H9c2 cells under oxygen and glucose deprivation （OGD）-induced injury, and the possible mechanisms. We found that HA＋GA significantly improved pathology and morphology of the nucleus and ultrastructure of H9c2 cells under OGD as determined by Hoechst 33342 staining and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） tests. It also reduced the releases of lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）, creatine kinase-myocardial band isoenzyme （CK-MB）, and aspartate transaminase （AST） from the cultured supernatant of H9c2 cells, which were tested by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay （ELISA） kits. In addition, it lessened the apoptotic rate as determined by a fluorescein isothiocyanate-annexin V/propidium iodide （FITC-AV/PI） double staining assay. It was also found that HA＋GA might regulate the protein expression associated with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/Akt signaling pathway. Overall, the study demonstrated that HA＋GA protected H9c2 cells against OGD-induced injury, and the signaling mechanism might be related to the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

关键词： Hypaconitine (HA) Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) H9c2 cells Apoptosis PI3K/Akt

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