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Identification of Software Bugs by Analyzing Natural Language-Based Requirements Using Optimized Deep Learning Features

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 4379-4397页

作者： Qazi Mazhar ul Haq fahim arif Khursheed Aurangzeb Noor ul Ain Javed Ali Khan Saddaf Rubab Muhammad Shahid Anwar Department of Computer Science and Engineering and International Bachelor’s Program in Informatics Yuan Ze UniversityZhongliTaoyuan320315Taiwan Department of Computer Science National University of PakistanRawalpindiPunjab46000Pakistan Department of Computer Software Engineering MCSNational University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science School of PhysicsEngineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of HertfordshireHatfieldAL109ABUK Department of Computer Engineering College of Computing and InformaticsUniversity of SharjahSharjah27272United Arab Emirates Department of AI and Software Gachon UniversitySeongnam-SI13120South Korea

Software project outcomes heavily depend on natural language requirements,often causing diverse interpretations and issues like ambiguities and incomplete or faulty *** are exploring machine learning to predict software bugs,but a more precise and general approach is *** bug prediction is crucial for software evolution and user training,prompting an investigation into deep and ensemble learning ***,these studies are not generalized and efficient when extended to other ***,this paper proposed a hybrid approach combining multiple techniques to explore their effectiveness on bug identification *** methods involved feature selection,which is used to reduce the dimensionality and redundancy of features and select only the relevant ones;transfer learning is used to train and test the model on different datasets to analyze how much of the learning is passed to other datasets,and ensemble method is utilized to explore the increase in performance upon combining multiple classifiers in a *** National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)and four Promise datasets are used in the study,showing an increase in the model’s performance by providing better Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve(AUC-ROC)values when different classifiers were *** reveals that using an amalgam of techniques such as those used in this study,feature selection,transfer learning,and ensemble methods prove helpful in optimizing the software bug prediction models and providing high-performing,useful end mode.

关键词： Natural language processing software bug prediction transfer learning ensemble learning feature selection

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Impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第8期16卷 1185-1198页

作者： Abdul Moeed Muhammad Omar Larik Muhammad Ahmed Ali fahim Hafsah Alim Ur Rahman Lubna Najmi Mah I Kan Changez Muhammad Moiz Javed Md Al Hasibuzzaman Department of Internal Medicine Dow University of Health SciencesKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Internal Medicine Dow International Medical CollegeKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Internal Medicine Ziauddin UniversityKarachi 75000SindhPakistan Department of Research Yale UniversityNew Haven 06520CTUnited States Department of Internal Medicine King Edward Medical UniversityLahore 54000PunjabPakistan Institute of Nutrition and Food Science University of DhakaDhaka 1000Bangladesh Department of Medicine The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Many studies have revealed a link between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NA-FLD)and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),making understanding the relationship between these two conditions an absolute *** To provide a qualitative synthesis on the currently present data evaluating COVID-19 and *** This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the guidelines pro-vided by preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses and the questionnaire utilized the population,intervention,comparison,and outcome *** search strategy was run on three separate databases,PubMed/MEDLINE,Scopus,and Cochrane Central,which were systematically searched from inception until March 2024 to select all relevant *** addition,***,***,and Google Scholar were searched to identify grey *** After retrieval of 11 studies,a total of 39282 patients data were *** was found in 11.5%and 9.4%of people in NAFLD and non-NAFLD *** all,23.2%of NAFLD patients and 22%of non-NAFLD admissions diagnosed with COVID-19 were admitted to the intensive care unit,with days of stay *** support ranged from 5%to 40.5%in the NAFLD cohort and from 3.1%to 20%in the non-NAFLD *** incidence of acute liver injury showed *** improvement on days 7 and 14 between the two classifications was *** stay ranged from 9.6 days to 18.8 days and 7.3 days to 16.4 days in the aforementioned cohorts respectively,with 73.3%and 76.3%of patients being *** rates *** Clinical outcomes except mortality consistently showed a worsening trend in patients with NAFLD and concomitant *** research in conducting prospective longitudinal studies is essential for a more powerful conclusion.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Coronavirus disease 2019 Mechanical ventilation Intensive care unit Acute liver injury

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Nature’s Pharmacy under Siege: Investigating Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Endophytic Bacteria of Medicinal Plants

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第4期14卷 183-208页

作者： Bonoshree Sarkar Afroza Sultana Nabila Nawar Binti Farhana Tasnim Chowdhury Sadia Afrin Mohammad fahim Taibur Rahman Atiqur Rahman Infection Biology Laboratory Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Pathology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham USA

Antibiotic resistance poses a significant global health threat, necessitating a thorough understanding of its prevalence in various ecological contexts. Medicinal plants, renowned for their therapeutic properties, host endophytic bacteria that produce bioactive compounds. Understanding antibiotic resistance dynamics in these bacteria is vital for human health and antibiotic efficacy preservation. In this study, we investigated antibiotic resistance profiles in endophytic bacteria from five medicinal plants: Thankuni, Neem, Aparajita, Joba, and Snake plant. We isolated and characterized 113 endophytic bacteria, with varying resistance patterns observed against multiple antibiotics. Notably, 53 strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR), with 14 exhibiting extensive drug resistance (XDR). Thankuni-associated bacteria displayed 44% MDR and 11% XDR, while Neem-associated bacteria showed higher resistance (60% MDR, 13% XDR). Aparajita-associated bacteria had lower resistance (22% MDR, 6% XDR), whereas Joba-associated bacteria exhibited substantial resistance (54% MDR, 14% XDR). Snake plant-associated bacteria showed 7% MDR and 4% XDR. Genus-specific distribution revealed Bacillus (47%), Staphylococcus (21%), and Klebsiella (11%) as major contributors to MDR. Our findings highlight diverse drug resistance patterns among plant-associated bacteria and underscore the complexity of antibiotic resistance dynamics in diverse plant environments. Identification of XDR strains emphasizes the severity of the antibiotic resistance problem, warranting further investigation into contributing factors.

关键词： Antibiotic Resistance Endophytic Bacteria Medicinal Plants Drug Resistance

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Long-term outcomes of titanium-nitride-oxide coated stents and drug-eluting stents in acute coronary syndrome:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第5期16卷 293-305页

作者： Muhammad Ahmed Ali fahim Afia Salman Hira Anas Khan Syed Muhammad Hasan Muskan FatimaBhojani Sarah Aslam Amna Zia Ul Haq Vishal Reddy Bejugam Beena Muntaha Nasir Wajiha Gul Abdul Moeed Abdelrahman S Abdalla Muhammad Majid Muhammad Sohaib Asghar Md Al Hasibuzzaman Department of Internal Medicine Dow University of Health SciencesKarachi 74200Pakistan Department of Internal Medicine North Central Bronx HospitalBronxNY 10467United States Department of Urology Center for Academic MedicineStanford University School of MedicinePalo AltoCA 33872United States Department of Cardiovascular Imaging Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic RochesterRochesterMN 55905United States Institute of Nutrition and Food Science University of DhakaDhaka 1000Bangladesh

BACKGROUND In severe cases of coronary artery disease,percutaneous coronary intervention provide promising *** stent used could be a drug-eluting stent(DES)or a titanium-nitride-oxide coated stent(TiNOS).AIM To compare the 5-year effectiveness and safety of the two stent *** The following systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines,and PubMed/MEDLINE,Scopus,and Cochrane Central were searched from inception till August *** outcomes were major adverse cardiac events(MACE),cardiac death,myocardial infarction(MI),cardiac death or MI,and ischemia-driven total lesion revascularization(ID-TLR).RESULTS Four randomized controlled trials(RCT),which analyzed a sum total of 3045 patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)after a median follow-up time of 5 years were *** statistically insignificant,an increase in the ID-TLR was observed in patients receiving TiNOSs vs *** addition,MI,cardiac death and MI,and definite stent thrombosis(DST)were significantly decreased in the TiNOS *** analysis revealed no significant results with meta-regression presenting non-ST elevated MI(NSTEMI)as a statistically significant covariate in the outcome of *** TiNOS was found to be superior to DES in terms of MI,cardiac death or MI,and DST outcomes,however,the effect of the two stent types on ID-TLR and MACE was not significant.A greater number of studies are required to establish an accurate comparison of patient outcomes in TiNOS and DES.

关键词： Stents Drug-eluting Major adverse cardiac events All-cause death Meta-analysis

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Adaptive Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise(ADBSCAN)for Clusters of Different Densities

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第5期75卷 3695-3712页

作者： Ahmed fahim Computer Science Department Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAflajSaudi Arabia Computer Science Department Faculty of Computers and InformationSuez UniversitySuezEgypt

Finding clusters based on density represents a significant class of clustering *** methods can discover clusters of various shapes and *** most studied algorithm in this class is theDensity-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise(DBSCAN).It identifies clusters by grouping the densely connected objects into one group and discarding the noise *** requires two input parameters:epsilon(fixed neighborhood radius)and MinPts(the lowest number of objects in epsilon).However,it can’t handle clusters of various densities since it uses a global value for *** article proposes an adaptation of the DBSCAN method so it can discover clusters of varied densities besides reducing the required number of input parameters to only *** user input in the proposed method is the *** on the other hand,is computed automatically based on statistical information of the *** proposed method finds the core distance for each object in the dataset,takes the average of these distances as the first value of epsilon,and finds the clusters satisfying this density *** remaining unclustered objects will be clustered using a new value of epsilon that equals the average core distances of unclustered *** process continues until all objects have been clustered or the remaining unclustered objects are less than 0.006 of the dataset’s *** proposed method requires MinPts only as an input parameter because epsilon is computed from *** datasets were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method that produced promising *** experiments demonstrate that the outstanding ability of the proposed method to detect clusters of different densities even if there is no separation between *** accuracy of the method ranges from 92%to 100%for the experimented datasets.

关键词： Adaptive DBSCAN(ADBSCAN) Density-based clustering Data clustering Varied density clusters

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Incidence and predictors of hypocalcemia in end-stage renal disease patients on denosumab therapy: A systematic review and metaanalysis

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2024年第3期12卷 68-78页

作者： Abdul Hannan Siddiqui Misbah Shaikh Afia Salman Muhammad Ahmed Ali fahim Fizzah Batool Tahreem Mari Sarah Musani Muneeb Fareed Rooma Rehan Amna Hassni Urooj Nizami Ayesha Amir Abdul Moeed Salim R Surani Department of Internal Medicine Dow University of Health SciencesKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Medicine&Pharmacology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843United States

BACKGROUND Denosumab inhibits the receptor activator of nuclear factor *** markedly increases bone mineral density and has been proven to reduce the risk of ***,numerous adverse effects,notably hypocalcemia,are prevalent in patients with end-stage renal disease(ESRD).AIM To analyze the incidence and predictors of hypocalcemia caused by denosumab compared to control in patients with *** We conducted this study in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses ***,Scopus,Cochrane Central,and EMBASE were systematically searched from inception through March *** original studies investigating the effects of denosumab on patients with ESRD compared to control were *** primary outcomes of our study were the incidence of mild,severe,and very severe *** outcomes included serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone,calcium,and *** results were pooled and analyzed using a random-effects *** Seven articles comprising 3240 patients were included in our *** treated with denosumab had a significantly increased incidence of mild hypocalcemia[risk ratio(RR):2.79;95%confidence interval(CI):0.99-7.91;P=0.05;I²=37%]and of very severe hypocalcemia(RR:9.58;95%CI:1.58-57.98;P=0.01;I²=49%).However,an increase in the occurrence of severe hypocalcemia was non-significant(RR:4.23;95%CI:0.47-38.34;P=0.20;I²=96%).Alternatively,denosumab showed a significant decrease in serum intact parathyroid hormone[mean difference(MD):-433.20,95%CI:-775.12 to-91.28,I2=98%,P=0.01],while there was a non-significant decrease in phosphate(MD:-0.47,95%CI:-1.35 to 0.41,I2=88%,P=0.30)and calcium levels(MD:-0.33,95%CI:-0.95 to 0.29,I2=94%,P=0.29).CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that denosumab is significantly associated with mild and very severe hypocalcemia in patients with ESRD making it necessary to detect and prevent this side effect of treatment.

关键词： Denosumab End-stage renal disease Hypocalcemia Parathyroid hormone Dialysis

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AI-based Automated Extraction of Location-Oriented COVID-19 Sentiments

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第8期72卷 3631-3649页

作者： fahim K.Sufi Musleh Alsulami Federal Government MelbourneVIC3000Australia Information Systems Department Umm Al-Qura University(UQU)Makkah24382Saudi Arabia

The coronavirus disease(COVID-19)pandemic has affected the lives of social media users in an *** are constantly posting their satisfaction or dissatisfaction over the COVID-19 situation at their location of ***,understanding location-oriented sentiments about this situation is of prime importance for political leaders,and strategic *** this end,we present a new fully automated algorithm based on artificial intelligence(AI),for extraction of location-oriented public sentiments on the COVID-19 *** designed the proposed system to obtain exhaustive knowledge and insights on social media feeds related to COVID-19 in 110 languages through AI-based translation,sentiment analysis,location entity detection,and decomposition tree *** deployed fully automated algorithm on live Twitter feed from July 15,2021 and it is still running as of 12 January,*** system was evaluated on a limited dataset between July 15,2021 to August 10,*** this evaluation timeframe 150,000 tweets were analyzed and our algorithm found that 9,900 tweets contained one or more location *** total,13,220 location entities were detected during the evaluation period,and the rates of average precision and recall rate were 0.901 and 0.967,*** of 12 January,2022,the proposed solution has detected 43,169 locations using entity *** to the best of our knowledge,this study is the first to report location intelligence with entity detection,sentiment analysis,and decomposition tree analysis on social media messages related to COVID-19 and has covered the largest set of languages.

关键词： Entity recognition AI-based social media monitoring sentiment analysis decision support system COVID-19

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Spectrokinetics study of probable effects of diverse inorganic ions on bleaching of dye

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2011年第1期5卷 131-138页

作者： Rafia AZMAT Masooda QADRI fahim UDDIN Department of Chemistry Jinnah University for Women5C NazimabadKarachi 74600Pakistan Department of Chemistry University of KarachiKarachi 75270Pakistan

Toluidine blue(TB)is an important anticoagulant metachromasia molecule showing a pronounced variation in the visible spectrum due to the aggregation phenomenon and electrostatic interaction with the charged synthetic and biologic *** current study describes the interactive role of diverse inorganic material ions on the bleaching of toluidine blue(tolonium chloride)(TB^(+))with urea in acidic and basic media using the spectrophotometric *** spectra of TB and urea with different cations and anions were monitored and their characteristic features are presented *** negative effect of added cations on reduction may be the result of altered electron pathways which led to suppression of the reduction/bleaching of TB,while a slight decrease in dye reduction by added anions may be due to the scavenging of the OH**** has been observed in the case of Co^(2+)that in addition to the electron-transfer reaction,other processes like layer and precipitate formation also appear to be taking *** dye bleaching process followed pseudo first order kinetics with respect to TB,urea,and H^(+)ion,whereas significant decoloration in the presence of urea proved that reductants control the redox *** decoloration in acidic medium with diverse ions was seen compared to alkaline media,showing that water pH played an important role in the bleaching of *** reduction/bleaching of dye was investigated at different temperatures,and energy parameters were evaluated for a TB^(+)-Urea reaction,including the energy of activation(Ea=39.60 kJ·mol^(–1)),enthalpy of activation(ΔH#=34 kJ$mol^(–1)),entropy of activation(ΔS#=146.5 kJ mol^(–1)·K^(–1)),and free energy of activation(ΔG*=–52.35 kJ·mol^(–1)).A mechanism of interaction of diverse ions in dye bleaching and a mechanism of reduction based on the above findings is proposed.

关键词： TB diverse ions suppress decoloration

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Effect of eccentricity in reinforced concrete beam-column-slab connection under cyclic loading

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021年第2期15卷 390-398页

作者： Rooh ULLAH Amjad NASEER Muhammad fahim Mohammad ASHRAF Eid BADSHAH Civil Engineering Department University of Engineering&Technology Peshawar KPKPeshawar25000Pakistan

Beam-column connections are one of the most critical elements of reinforced concrete structures,especially in seismically active regions,and have been extensively evaluated experimentally and ***,very limited experimental studies about eccentric reinforced concrete connections including the effect of connected slabs are *** study presents the experimental results of two half-scale eccentric beam-column-slab connections subjected to quasi-static cyclic *** horizontal eccentricity(eh)is maintained at 12.5%and 25%of column width(bc)for specimens 1 and 2,*** damage pattern,performance levels,displacement ductility(μD),energy dissipation,and connection strength and stiffness are compared for both specimens,and the effect of eccentricity is *** is concluded that the eccentricity has no significant effect on the lateral load carrying capacity;however,the overall strength degradation increases with the increase in ***,the elastic stiffness of specimen 2 decreased by 14%as the eccentricity increased from 12.5%to 25%;however,the eccentricity had no significant effect on the overall stiffness degradation.μD decreased by 43%,and the energy dissipation capacity decreased by 40%in specimen 2 with higher *** story drifts corresponding to the performance levels of the life safety(LS)and collapse prevention(CP)were found to be 28%lesser in specimen 2 than in specimen 1.

关键词： corner connection eccentricity strength degradation stiffness degradation energy dissipation performance levels

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Spatial variance and assessment of nitrogen dioxide pollution in major cities of Pakistan along N5-Highway

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第5期28卷 4-14页

作者： Yasir Shabbir Muhammad fahim Khokhar Reza Shaiganfar Thomas Wagner Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE) National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)Islamabad Pakistan Satellite Remote Sensing Group Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry

This paper discusses the findings of the first car MAX-DOAS（multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy） field campaign（300 km long） along the National Highway-05（N5-Highway） of Pakistan conducted on 13 and 14 November, 2012. The main objective of the field campaign was to assess the spatial distribution of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide（NO_2）columns and corresponding concentrations along the N5-Highway from Islamabad to *** identification of NO_2 revealed that the concentrations were higher within major cities along the highway. The highest NO_2 vertical column densities（NO_2VCDs） were found around two major cities of Rawalpindi and Lahore. This study also presents a comparison of NO_2 VCDs measured by the ozone monitoring instrument（OMI） and car MAX-DOAS observations. The comparison revealed similar spatial distribution of the NO_2 columns with both car MAX-DOAS and satellite observations, but the car MAX-DOAS observations show much more spatial details. Maximum NO_2 VCD retrieved from car MAX-DOAS observations was up to an order of magnitude larger than the OMI observations in urban areas.

关键词： Car MAX-DOAS Satellite remote sensing Nitrogen dioxide N5-Highway Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standards

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