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Alexa,let's train now!——A systematic review and classification approach to digital and home-based physical training interventions aiming to support healthy cognitive aging

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 30-46页

作者： fabian herold Paula Theobald Thomas Gronwald Navin Kaushal Liye Zou Eling D.de Bruin Louis Bherer Notger GMüller Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases MovementFaculty of Health Sciences BrandenburgUniversity of PotsdamPotsdam 14476Germany Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine MSH Medical School HamburgHamburg 20457Germany Department of Health Sciences School of Health&Human SciencesIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIN 46202USA Department of Health Sciences and Technology Institute of Human Movement Sciences and SportETH ZurichZurich 8093Switzerland Department of Neurobiology Care Sciencesand SocietyKarolinska InstituteStockholm 17177Sweden Department of Health OST-Eastern Swiss University of Applied SciencesSt.Gallen 9001Switzerland Montreal Heart Institute MontrealQC H1T 1C8Canada Department of Medicine Universite de MontrealMontrealQC H3T 1J4Canada Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Geriatrie de Montreal MontrealQC H3W 1W5Canada

Background:There is mounting evidence that regular physical activity is an important prerequisite for healthy cognitive ***,the finding that almost one-third of the adult population does not reach the recommended level of regular physical activity calls for further public health *** this context,digital and home-based physical training interventions might be a promising alternative to center-based intervention ***,this systematic review aimed to summarize the current state of the literature on the effects of digital and home-based physical training interventions on adult cognitive ***:In this pre-registered systematic review(PROSPERO;ID:CRD42022320031),5 electronic databases(PubMed,Web of Science,Psyclnfo,SPORTDiscus,and Cochrane Library)were searched by 2 independent researchers(FH and PT)to identify eligible studies investigating the effects of digital and home-based physical training interventions on cognitive performance in *** systematic literature search yielded 8258 records(extra17 records from other sources),of which 27 controlled trials were considered *** reviewers(FH and PT)independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise(TESTEX scale).Results:Of the 27 reviewed studies,15 reported positive effects on cognitive and motor-cognitive outcomes(i.e.,performance improvements in measures of executive functions,working memory,and choice stepping reaction test),and a considerable heterogeneity concerning study-related,population-related,and intervention-related characteristics was noticed.A more detailed analysis suggests that,in particular,interventions using online classes and technology-based exercise devices(i.e.,step-based exergames)can improve cognitive performance in healthy older *** one-half of the reviewed studies were rated as having a high risk of bias with respect

关键词： Brain Cognition Digital health Exercise-cognition Physical activity

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Linking 24-h Movement Behavior Guidelines to Cognitive Difficulties,Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Preterm Youth

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2024年第8期26卷 651-662页

作者： Zhihui Cheng Ailikute Aikeremu Yanping Gao Zhihao Zhang Anthony G.Delli Paoli Paolo Marcello Cunha Alyx Taylor fabian herold Liye Zou Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory School of PsychologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China Department of Kinesiology and Health Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ 08901USA Metropolitan University Center of Maringá Maringá87020Brazil School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences AECC University CollegeBournemouthBH52DFUK Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases MovementFaculty of Health Sciences BrandenburgUniversity of PotsdamPotsdam14476Germany

Background:Given the heightened risk of developmental challenges associated with preterm birth,it is crucial to explore interventions that may ameliorate potential adverse *** study aimed to examine whether meeting the 24-h movement behavior(24-HMB)guidelines,which include recommendations on physical activity(PA),screen time(ST),and sleep(SL),is related to indicators of cognitive difficulties,internalizing problems(e.g.,depression and anxiety),and externalizing problems(e.g.,difficulties in making friends and arguing)in a sample of preterm youth(children and adolescents born preterm).Methods:In this cross-sectional study,data from 3410 preterm youth(aged 6 to 17 years)were included for data *** logistic regression was used to investigate associations between meeting the 24-HMB guidelines and the above-mentioned health outcomes,while controlling for sociodemographic and health-related ***:The prevalence of meeting 24-HMB guidelines varied across independent and integrated components of the 24-HMB *** the ST guideline alone(p<0.05)and integrated guidelines(i.e.,ST+SL and ST+SL+PA)were associated with fewer cognitive difficulties and reduced internalizing and externalizing problems(p<0.05).Specifically,meeting the SL guideline alone and integrated guidelines(i.e.,SL+ST)were associated with lower odds of depression and anxiety(p<0.01).Additionally,meeting independent,and integrated(PA and/or ST)guidelines were associated with less pronounced difficulties in making friends and arguing(p<0.05).Meeting 24-HMB guidelines in an isolated and integrated manner are linked to better cognitive performance and fewer internalizing and externalizing problems in preterm ***:Results suggest that advocating for the implementation of the 24-HMB guidelines may reduce cognitive challenges and behavioral issues,which is of high relevance for improving public *** longitudinal studies in preterm youth should inves

关键词： Cognitive difficulties externalizing problems internalizing problems physical activity preterm youth

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A Bifactor Analysis Approach to Construct Validity and Reliability of the Affective Exercise Experience Questionnaire among Chinese College Students

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2023年第9期25卷 995-1008页

作者： Ting Wang Markus Gerber fabian herold Joseph Bardeen Sebastian Ludyga Alyx Taylor Arthur FKramer Liye Zou Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory School of PsychologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China Department of Sport Exercise&HealthUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases MovementFaculty of Health Sciences BrandenburgUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany Department of Psychological Sciences Auburn UniversityAuburn36849USA School of Rehabilitation Sport and PsychologyAECC University CollegeBournemouthBH52DFUK Center for Cognitive and Brain Health Northeastern UniversityBostonMA02115USA Beckman Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignIL61820USA

Affective exercise experience as an emerging theoretical concept has great potential to provide a more nuanced understanding of individual factors that influence exercise ***,concerning the Affective Exercise Experiences(AFFEXX)questionnaire,it has not been examined yet whether the structural score of the AFFEXX is a useful index to predict physical activity(refers to any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure).Furthermore,there is currently a gap in knowledge regarding the psychological mechanisms that can explain the relationship between affective exercise experiences and the level of physical activity(PA).In order to adress these gaps in the literature,we conducted two studies among Chinese collge students that aimed(i)to investigated whether the total score of the three AFFEXX-C constructs(antecedent appraisals,core affective exercise experiences,and attraction-antipathy towards exercise)is a relaible indicator that can be utilized in research and pratical settings and(ii)to evalute the specific psychological mechanisms that can explain the relationship between affective exercise experience and *** Study 1,we recruited 801 voluntary Chinese college students for bifactor and correlational *** Study 2,875 Chinese college students were enrolled to verify our findings from Study 1 and to explore the aforementioned *** from the bifactor analyses supported our hypothesis that the total scores of the three AFFEXX-C constructs can be used among Chinese college students to establish a link with ***,our results suggested that core affective exercise experiences and attraction-antipathy mediated the relationship between antecedent appraisals and the level of moderate-to-vigorous intensity ***,measuring affective exercise experiences using the AFFEXX-C,specifically the total scores of each individual construct may be a useful approach to predict future PA levels.

关键词： Affective exercise experiences bifactor analysis Chinese college students mediation model

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The Contribution of BMI,Body Image Inflexibility,and Generalized Anxiety to Symptoms of Eating Disorders and Exercise Dependence in Exercisers

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2022年第6期24卷 811-823页

作者： Liye Zou Peiying Yang fabian herold Weina Liu Attila Szabo Alyx Taylor Jing Sun Liu Ji Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education East China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory School of PsychologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases MovementFaculty of Health Sciences BrandenburgUniversity of PotsdamPotsdam14469Germany Institute of Health Promotion and Sports Sciences ELTE Eötvös Loránd UniversityBudapest1053Hungary School of Rehabilitation Sport and PsychologyAECC University CollegeBournemouthBH52DFUK School of Medicine and Dentistry Menzies Health Institute QueenslandGriffith UniversityParklandGold CoastQLD4222Australia

1)Background:The common factors which potentially contribute to the development of eating disorders and exercise dependence during early adulthood are still relatively *** present study aimed to examine the role of BMI,body image inflexibility,and generalized anxiety in these two behavioral problems in a sample of college students.2)Methods:In total,878 habitual exercisers(58.1%male with BMI=22.12±2.39;41.9%female with BMI=20.55±2.21)with age of 20.09±1.76 years participated in this *** main outcomes of interest are exercise dependence symptoms,eating disorders symptoms,body image inflexibility,and symptoms of generalized anxiety(as measured by Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised,Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire-Short Form,Body Image Acceptance and Action Questionnaire,and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7,respectively).Pearson correlation,path analysis,and model fit information were tested.3)Results:After controlling for age,gender,and field of study,lower BMI was linked to more exercise dependence symptoms but this association was not statistically significant,while a greater BMI was significantly associated with a higher risk of developing eating disorders(β=−0.08,p<0.001).Moreover,higher body image inflexibility significantly and positively contributed to severe exercise dependence(β=0.26,p<0.001)as well as abnormal eating attitudes and behaviors(β=0.74,p<0.001).Furthermore,generalized anxiety is a significant contributor to exercise dependence symptoms(β=0.14,p<0.001)but not eating disorders symptoms.4)Conclusion:Based on our finding that body image inflexibility is a common risk factor for the development of exercise dependence and eating disorders,the prevention and treatment of these two disorders should involve the improvement of psychological *** addition,the individual with a higher BMI is more vulnerable to developing eating disorders,while those who have severer generalized anxiety symptoms should be given more attention whe

关键词： Anxiety body image BMI exercise addiction eating disorders

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Validity and Reliability of the Preference for and Tolerance of the Intensity of Exercise Questionnaire among Chinese College Students

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2023年第1期25卷 127-138页

作者： Ting Wang Jin Kuang fabian herold Alyx Taylor Sebastian Ludyga Zhihao Zhang Arthur FKramer Liye Zou Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory Shenzhen Humanities&Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental HealthSchool of PsychologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases MovementFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PotsdamPotsdam14476Germany School of Rehabilitation Sport and PsychologyAECC University CollegeBournemouthBH52DFUK Department of Sport Exercise and HealthUniversity of BaselBasel4052Switzerland Center for Cognitive and Brain Health Northeastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Beckman Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignIL 61801USA

The rising prevalence of physical inactivity is in all age groups(e.g.,in college students)a major public health issue as not meeting the recommended minimum amount of regular physical activity is linked to adverse health *** versa,there is mounting evidence that achieving the recommended amount of regular physical activity is a vital element to prevent chronic diseases,but there is often an insufﬁcient adherence to planned and structured forms of physical activity(i.e.,physical exercises).In this context,there is a large body of evidence indicating that exercise adherence is,among other factors,inﬂuenced by exercise-related affective *** Preference for and Tolerance of the Intensity of Exer-cise Questionnaire(PRETIE-Q)has been developed to measure these affective responses(e.g.,to speciﬁc exercise inten-sities).So far,no validated Chinese version of the PRETIE-Q has been available in the *** address this gap in literature,the present study developed and validated a Chinese version of the PRETIE-Q in a large sample of Chinese college *** from a total of 1117 college students were collected for analyses concerning factorial validity and construct *** re-test reliability was established using a sample of 150 randomly selected *** addition,the level of regular physical activity(PA),cardiorespiratoryﬁtness(CRF),and resilience were used to examine possible links with two domains(preference and tolerance)of the *** results showed that a Chinese version of the PRETIE-Q has a goodﬁt and reliability(Cronbach’sαof 0.72 to 0.85 for preference and tolerance,respectively;ICC:r=0.72 of preference and r=0.67 of tolerance;ﬁt indices:χ^(2)=21.612,df=19,p>0.05,TLI=0.997,CFI=0.998,RMSEA=0.016,SRMR=0.024).Secondly,positive associations of intensity-tolerance with PA,CRF,and resilience were *** summary,this study indicates that the Chinese version of the PRETIE-Q has sound psychometric properties and can be used

关键词： PRETIE-Q pleasure intensity tolerance preference validity

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Relationships between Features of EmergingAdulthood, Situated Decisions toward PhysicalActivity, and Physical Activity among CollegeStudents: The Moderating Role of ExerciseIntensity Tolerance

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2023年第11期25卷 1209-1217页

作者： Jinghua Chen Zihe Wang fabian herold Alyx Taylor Jin Kuang Ting Wang Arthur F.Kramer Liye Zou Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory School of PsychologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijing100020China Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases MovementFaculty of Health Sciences BrandenburgUniversity of PotsdamPotsdam14476Germany School of Rehabilitation Sport and PsychologyAECC University CollegeBournemouthBH52DFUK Center for Cognitive&Brain Health Northeastern UniversityBoston02115-5005USA Beckman Institute University of IllinoisIllinoisUSA

A significant portion of emerging adults do not achieve recommended levels of physical activity (PA). Previous studies observedassociations between features of emerging adulthood and PA levels, while the potential psychological mechanisms that mightexplain this phenomenon are not fully understood. In this context, there is some evidence that situated decisions towardphysical activity (SDPA) and exercise-intensity tolerance might influence PA level. To provide empirical support for thisassumption, the current study investigated whether (i) features of emerging adulthood are linked to SDPA, which, in turn,might affect PA engagement;(ii) exercise-intensity tolerance moderate the relationship between SDPA and PA level;and (iii)SDPA is a mediator of the relationship between features of emerging adulthood and PA levels under the prerequisite thatexercise-intensity tolerance moderates the link between SDPA and PA engagement. In this study a group of 1,706 Chinesecollege students was recruited and asked to complete a set of questionnaires assessing their SDPA, PA levels, exercise-intensitytolerance, and features associated with emerging adulthood, namely Self-exploration, Instability, and Possibility. Our resultsindicated that SDPA positively predicted PA levels and this relationship became stronger when exercise-intensity tolerance wasused as a moderator. Furthermore, it was observed that individuals with a higher level of Instability and a lower level ofPossibility during emerging adulthood exhibited a lower level of SDPA. Taken together, the results of our study providefurther insights on a potential psychological mechanism linking features of emerging adulthood and physical activity.

关键词： Emerging adulthood situated decisions physical activity exercise-intensity tolerance moderated model

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Prediction of Outcomes in Mini-Basketball Training Program for Preschool Children with Autism Using Machine Learning Models

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2022年第2期24卷 143-158页

作者： Zhiyuan Sun fabian herold Kelong Cai Qian Yu Xiaoxiao Dong Zhimei Liu Jinming Li Aiguo Chen Liye Zou College of Physical Education Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225127China Institute of Sports Exercise and BrainYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225127China Department of Neurology Medical FacultyOtto von Guericke UniversityMagdeburg39120Germany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases(DZNE) Research Group NeuroprotectionMagdeburg39120Germany Faculty of Education University of MacaoMacaoChina Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory Institute of KEEP Collaborative InnovationSchool of PsychologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China School of Physical Education and Health East China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China

In recent years evidence has emerged suggesting that Mini-basketball training program(MBTP)can be an effec-tive intervention method to improve social communication(SC)impairments and restricted and repetitive beha-viors(RRBs)in preschool children suffering from autism spectrum disorder(ASD).However,there is a considerable degree if interindividual variability concerning these social outcomes and thus not all preschool chil-dren with ASD proﬁt from a MBTP intervention to the same *** order to make more accurate predictions which preschool children with ASD can beneﬁt from an MBTP intervention or which preschool children with ASD need additional interventions to achieve behavioral improvements,further research is *** study aimed to investigate which individual factors of preschool children with ASD can predict MBTP intervention out-comes concerning SC impairments and ***,test the performance of machine learning models in predict-ing intervention outcomes based on these *** were 26 preschool children with ASD who enrolled in a quasi-experiment and received MBTP *** demographic variables(e.g.,age,body,mass index[BMI]),indicators of physicalﬁtness(e.g.,handgrip strength,balance performance),performance in execu-tive function,severity of ASD symptoms,level of SC impairments,and severity of RRBs were obtained to predict treatment outcomes after MBTP *** learning models were established based on support vector machine algorithm were *** comparison,we also employed multiple linear regression models in ***ﬁndings suggest that in preschool children with ASD symptomatic severity(r=0.712,p<0.001)and baseline SC impairments(r=0.713,p<0.001)are predictors for intervention outcomes of SC ***,BMI(r=-0.430,p=0.028),symptomatic severity(r=0.656,p<0.001),baseline SC impair-ments(r=0.504,p=0.009)and baseline RRBs(r=0.647,p<0.001)can predict intervention outcomes of RRBs.

关键词： Prediction outcomes mini-basketball training program autistic children machine learning models

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Associations between meeting 24-hour movement guidelines and quality of life among children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第1期12卷 73-86页

作者： Chuidan Kong Aiguo Chen Sebastian Ludyga fabian herold Sean Healy Mengxian Zhao Alyx Taylor Notger G.Muller Arthur F.Kramer Sitong Chen Mark S.Tremblay Liye Zou Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory School of PsychologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518061China College of Physical Education Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225127China Department of Sport Exercise and HealthUniversity of BaselBasel 4052Switzerland Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases MovementFaculty of Health Sciences BrandenburgUniversity of PotsdamPotsdam 14476Germany Community Health Academic Group School of NursingPsychotherapy and Community HealthDublin City UniversityDublin 9Ireland School of Rehabilitation Sport and PsychologyAECC University CollegeBournemouthBH52DFUK Research Group Neuroprotection German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases(DZNE)Magdeburg 39120Germany Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences(CBBS) Magdeburg 39118Germany Center for Cognitive and Brain Health Northeastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Beckman Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignIL 61820USA Institute for Health and Sport Victoria UniversityMelbourne 8001Australia Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group CHEO Research InstituteOttawaOntario K1H8L1Canada Department of Pediatrics University of OttawaOttawaOntario K1N 6N5Canada

Background:The Canadian 24-hour movement behavior(24-HMB)guidelines suggest that a limited amount of screen time use,an adequate level of physical activity(PA),and sufficient sleep duration are beneficial for ensuring and optimizing the health and quality of life(QoL)of children and ***,this topic has yet to be examined for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)*** aim of this cross-sectional observational study was to examine the associations between meeting 24-HMB guidelines and several QoLrelated indicators among a national sample of American children and adolescents with ***:Data were taken from the 2020 *** Survey of Children’s Health ***(n=956)aged 617 years and currently diagnosed with ASD were *** exposure of interest was adherence to the 24-HMB *** were QoL indicators,including learning interest/curiosity,repeating grades,adaptive ability,victimization by bullying,and behavioral *** variables were described with unweighted sample counts and weighted ***,sex,race,preterm birth status,medication,behavioral treatment,household poverty level,and the educational level of the primary caregivers were included as *** ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(95%CI)were used to present the strength of association between adherence to 24-HMB guidelines and QoL-related ***:Overall,452 participants(45.34%)met 1 of the 3 recommendations,216(22.65%)met 2 recommendations,whereas only 39 participants(5.04%)met all 3 *** with meeting none of the recommendations,meeting both sleep duration and PA recommendations(OR=3.92,95%CI:1.639.48,p<0.001)or all 3 recommendations(OR=2.11,95%CI:1.034.35,p=0.04)was associated with higher odds of showing learning interest/*** both screen time and PA recommendations(OR=0.15,95%CI:0.040.61,p<0.05)or both sleep duration and PA recommendations(OR=0.24,95

关键词： 24-hour movement guidelines Autism spectrum disorder Physical activity Quality of life

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Validation of the Chinese Version of the Affective Exercise Experiences Questionnaire (AFFEXX-C)

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2023年第7期25卷 799-812页

作者： Ting Wang Boris Cheval Silvio Maltagliati Zachary Zenko fabian herold Sebastian Ludyga Markus Gerber Yan Luo Layan Fessler Notger GMüller Liye Zou Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory School of PsychologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China Swiss Center for Affective Sciences University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland Department of Psychology Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression(E3Lab)University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland University Grenoble Alpes SENSGrenobleF-38000France Department of Kinesiology California State University BakersfieldBakersfieldCAUSA Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases MovementFaculty of Health Sciences BrandenburgUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany Department of Sport Exercise&HealthUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland Department of Kinesiology and Community Health University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIllinois61801USA

Despite the well-established benefits of regular physical activity(PA)on health,a large proportion of the world population does not achieve the recommended level of regular *** affective experiences toward PA may play a key role to foster a sustained engagement in PA,they have been largely overlooked and crudely measured in the existing *** address this shortcoming,the Affective Exercise Experiences(AFFEXX)questionnaire has been developed to measure such ***,this questionnaire was developped to assess the following three domains:antecedent appraisals(e.g.,liking *** exercise in groups),core affective exercise experiences(i.e.,pleasure ***,energy ***,and calmness ***),and exercise motivation(i.e.,attraction *** toward exercise).The current study aimed to validate a Chinese version of the AFFEXX questionnaire(AFFEXX-C).In study 1,722 Chinese college students provided data for analyses of factorial,convergent,discriminant,criterion validity,and test-retest reliability of the *** addition,1,300 college students were recruited in study 2 to further validate its structural *** showed that the AFFEXX-C demonstrates a goodfit and ***,results further supported the hypothesized model based on previous research:antecedent appraisals predicted core affective exercise experiences,which in turn predicted attraction-antipathy toward physical *** AFFEXX-C was found to be a reliable and valid measure of affective exercise experiences in a population of Chinese college students.

关键词： Affective exercise experiences questionnaires reliability validity college students Chinese translation

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Look into my eyes:What can eye-based measures tell us about the relationship between physical activity and cognitive performance?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第5期12卷 568-591页

作者： Liye Zou fabian herold Sebastian Ludyga Keita Kamijo Notger G.Muller Matthew B.Pontifex Matthew Heath Ryuta Kuwamizu Hideaki Soya Charles H.Hillman Soichi Ando Brandon L.Alderman Boris Cheval Arthur F.Kramer Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory School of PsychologyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases MovementFaculty of Health Sciences BrandenburgUniversity of PotsdamPotsdam 14476Germany Department of Sport Exerciseand HealthUniversity of BaselBasel 4052Switzerland Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences Chukyo UniversityNagoya 466-8666Japan Department of Kinesiology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA School of Kinesiology Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Western OntarioLondon ON N6A 3K7Canada Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging University of Western OntarioLondon ONN6A 3K7Canada Graduate Program in Neuroscience University of Western OntarioLondon ONN6A 3K7Canada Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology Faculty of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukuba 305-0006Japan Sport Neuroscience Division Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance(ARIHHP)Faculty of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukuba 305-0006Japan Center for Cognitive and Brain Health Department of PsychologyDepartment of Physical TherapyMovementand Rehabilitation SciencesNortheastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering The University of Electro-CommunicationsTokyo 182-8585Japan Department of Kinesiology and Health Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew BrunswickNJ 08854USA Swiss Center for Affective Sciences University of GenevaGeneva 1205Switzerland Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression(E3Lab) Department of PsychologyUniversity of GenevaGeneva 1205Switzerland Department of Psychology Center for Cognitive and Brain HealthNortheastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Beckman Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignIL 61820USA

Background:There is a growing interest to understand the neurobiological mechanisms that drive the positive associations of physical activity and fitness with measures of cognitive *** better understand those mechanisms,several studies have employed eye-based measures(e.g., eye movement measures such as saccades,pupillary measures such as pupil dilation,and vascular measures such as retinal vessel diameter)deemed to be proxies for specific neurobiological ***,there is currently no systematic review providing a comprehensive overview of these studies in the field of exercise-cognition ***,this review aimed to address that gap in the ***:To identify eligible studies,we searched 5 electronic databases on October 23,*** researchers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise(TESTEX scale,for interventional studies) and the critical appraisal tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute(for cross-sectional studies).Results:Our systematic review(n=35 studies) offers the following main findings:(a) there is insufficient evidence available to draw solid conclusions concerning gaze-fixation-based measures;(b) the evidence that pupillometric measures,which are a proxy for the noradrenergic system,can explain the positive effect of acute exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness on cognitive performance is mixed;(c) physical training-or fitness-related changes of the cerebrovascular system(operationalized via changes in retinal vasculature) are,in general,positively associated with cognitive performance improvements;(d) acute and chronic physical exercises show a positive effect based on an oculomotor-based measure function(operationalized via antisaccade tasks);and(e) the positive association between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive performance is partly mediated by the dopaminergic system(operationalized via spo

关键词： Cognition Exercise Fitness Pupil size RetinaTagedAPTARAEnd

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