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Metrology for sub-Rayleigh-length target positioning in ～1022W/cm2 laser-plasma experiments

High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期 95-110页

作者： E.A.Vishnyakov A.Sagisaka K.Ogura T.zh.Esirkepov b.Gonzalez-Izquierdo C.D.Armstrong T.A.Pikuz S.A.Pikuz W.yan T.M.Jeong S.Singh P.Hadjisolomou O.finke G.M.Grittani M.Nevrkla C.M.Lazzarini A.Velyhan T.Hayakawa y.fukuda J.K.Koga M.Ishino K.Kondo y.Miyasaka A.Kon M.Nishikino y.V.Nosach D.Khikhlukha I.P.Tsygvintsev D.Kumar J.Nejdl D.Margarone P.V.Sasorov S.Weber M.Kando H.Kiriyama y.Kato,G.Korn K.Kondo S.V.bulanov T.Kawachi A.S.Pirozhkov ELI beamlines facility The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI) Central Laser facility Rutherford Appleton LaboratorySTFC Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives Osaka University Hb11 Energy Holdings Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong University Collaborative Innovation Center of IfSA Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of Plasma Physics ASCR fZu±Institute of Physics ASCR Czech Technical university in Prague Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University Institute of Physics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine ISTEQ AR

Tight focusing with very small f-numbers is necessary to achieve the highest at-focus ***,tight focusing imposes strong demands on precise target positioning in-focus to achieve the highest on-target irradiance We describe several near-infrared,visible,ultraviolet and soft and hard X-ray diagnostics employed in a～1022W/cm2laser±plasma *** used nearly 10 J total energy femtosecond laser pulses focused into an approximately1.3-μm focal spot on 5±20μm thick stainless-steel *** discuss the applicability of these diagnostics to determine the best in-focus target position with approximately 5μm accuracy （i.e.,around half of the short Rayleigh length）and show that several diagnostics （in particular,3ωreflection and on-axis hard X-rays） can ensure this *** demonstrated target positioning within several micrometers from the focus,ensuring over 80%of the ideal peak laser intensity *** approach is relatively fast （it requires 10±20 laser shots） and does not rely on the coincidence of low-power and high-power focal planes.

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Preparation and Application of Polymyxin b Affinity Membrane Cartridge

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Chinese Chemical Letters 1997年第8期8卷 745-746页

作者： Guo, W Shang, zh yu, yN zhou, LM zhou, K CHINESE ACAD SCI DALIAN INST CHEM PHYSDALIAN 116012PEOPLES R CHINA SHAngHAI MED uNIV ZHONGSHAN HOSPSHANGHAI 200032PEOPLES R CHINA

Affinity membrane was used for the endotoxin adsorption. The matrix macropore membrane was prepared from filterpaper by chemically crosslinking, and polymyxin b was immobilized as affinity ligand. The prepared membrane cartridge can be used for the removal of endotoxin from aqueous solutions. With a cartridge of 40 sheets affinity membrane containing, the endotoxin level of the processed solution can be reduced to a minimum of 4 pg/mL.

关键词： REMOVAL

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我国老年保健品营销现状与策略选择

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消费经济 2005年第2期21卷 59-61页

作者：周露阳绍兴文理学院经济与管理学院浙江绍兴312000

随着我国步入老龄化社会,老年保健品市场蕴藏着无限的商机和潜力。本文从相关背景的分析出发,分析了我国老年保健品市场的营销现状,并给出了相应的营销策略选择———人性化营销。

关键词：老年保健品人性化营销营销策略中国顾客满意度

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Evidence for particle acceleration approaching PeV energies in the W51 complex

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Science bulletin 2024年第18期69卷 2833-2841页

作者： Cao, zhen Aharonian, f. Axikegu bai, y.X. bao, y.W. bastieri, D. bi, X.J. bi, y.J. bian, W. bukevich, A.V. Cao, Q. Cao, W.y. Cao, zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.f. Chen, A.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, H.X. Chen, Liang Chen, Lin Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, y. Cheng, N. Cheng, y.D. Cui, M.y. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, y.D. Dai, b.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu Dong, X.Q. Duan, K.K. fan, J.H. fan, y.Z. fang, J. fang, J.H. fang, K. feng, C.f. feng, H. feng, L. feng, S.H. feng, X.T. feng, y. feng, y.L. Gabici, S. Gao, b. Gao, C.D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.S. Giacinti, G. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.b. Gu, M.H. Guo, f.L. Guo, X.L. Guo, y.Q. Guo, y.y. Han, y.A. Hasan, M. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.y. He, y. Hor, y.K. Hou, b.W. Hou, C. Hou, X. Hu, H.b. Hu, Q. Hu, S.C. Huang, D.H. Huang, T.Q. Huang, W.J. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.y. Huang, y. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.y. Jia, K. Jiang, K. Jiang, X.W. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, M. Kang, M.M. Karpikov, I. Kuleshov, D. Kurinov, K. Li, b.b. Li, C.M. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, D. Li, f. Li, H.b. Li, H.C. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, S.D. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, y.Z. Li, zhe Li, zhuo Liang, E.W. Liang, y.f. Lin, S.J. Liu, b. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, D.b. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, M.y. Liu, R.y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, y. Liu, y.N. Luo, Q. Luo, y. Lv, H.K. Ma, b.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Mu, H.J. Nan, y.C. Neronov, A. Ou, L.J. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.y. Qi, J.C. Qi, M.y. Qiao, b.Q. Qin, J.J. Raza, A. Ruffolo, D. Sáiz, A. Saeed, M. Semikoz, D. Shao, L. Shchegolev, O. Sheng, X.D. Shu, f.W. Song, H.C. Stenkin, yu.V. Stepanov, V. Su, y. Sun, D.X. Sun, Q.N. Sun, X.N. Sun, Z.b. Takata, J. Tam, P.H.T. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & Experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China TIANfu Cosmic Ray Research Center Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg 69029 Germany School of Physical Science and Technology & School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 117312 Russia Hebei Normal university Shijiazhuang 050024 China university of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210023 China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou 311121 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet university) Ministry of Education Lhasa 850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China School of Physics and Astronomy (zhuhai) & School of Physics (Guangzhou) & Sino-french Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology (zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519000 & Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong China Institute of frontier and

The γ-ray emission from the W51 complex is widely acknowledged to be attributed to the interaction between the cosmic rays (CRs) accelerated by the shock of supernova remnant (SNR) W51C and the dense molecular clouds in the adjacent star-forming region, W51b. However, the maximum acceleration capability of W51C for CRs remains elusive. based on observations conducted with the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), we report a significant detection of γ rays emanating from the W51 complex, with energies from 2 to 200 TeV. The LHAASO measurements, for the first time, extend the γ-ray emission from the W51 complex beyond 100 TeV and reveal a significant spectrum bending at tens of TeV. by combining the "π0-decay bump" featured data from fermi-LAT, the broadband γ-ray spectrum of the W51 region can be well-characterized by a simple pp-collision model. The observed spectral bending feature suggests an exponential cutoff at ∼400 TeV or a power-law break at ∼200 TeV in the CR proton spectrum, most likely providing the first evidence of SNRs serving as CR accelerators approaching the PeV regime. Additionally, two young star clusters within W51b could also be theoretically viable to produce the most energetic γ rays observed by LHAASO. Our findings strongly support the presence of extreme CR accelerators within the W51 complex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic CRs. © 2024 Science China Press

关键词： Cosmic rays

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STI571 combined with vincristine greatly suppressed the tumor formation of multidrug-resistant K562 cells in a human-nude mice xenograft model

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Chinese Medical Journal 2006年第11期119卷 911-918页

作者： GA0 Lei CHEN Li fEI Xin-hong QIu Hui-ying zh0u Hong WAng Jian-min Department of Hematology Changhai Hospital Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 China

background The development of the targeted signal transduction inhibitor STI571 has prompted us to treat chronic myeloid leukemia in different ways. Since STI571 may reverse multidrug-resistance of K562/MDR cells in vitro, we studied the effect of STI571 on multidrug-resistant K562 cells in vivo. Methods Multidrug-resistant human leukemia cell line K562-n/VCR expresses both bcr/abl fusion gene and multi-drug resistance （mdrl） gene. It is a vincristine resistant cell line subcloned from the vincristine （VCR） sensitive cell line K562-n induced by vincristine in vitro. K562-n and K562-n/VCR cells were inoculated subcutaneously into both sides of nude mice breast （5×10^6 cells/each） to establish a human leukemia xenograft model. The incidence and volume of tumor were observed. In the tumor-bearing nude mice, anti-tumor drugs vincristine, daunorubicin （DNR）, STI571, and STI571 plus VCR for the treatment of mdrl and bcr/abl double positive leukemia were studied respectively. Results The tumor incidence was 100% in the nude mice inoculated with either K562-n or K562-n/VCR. The transcription of the mdrl gene and expression of P-gp were negative in K562-n cells but positive in K562-n/VCR cells. The intracellular accumulation of DNR in K562-n cells was higher than that in K562-n/VCR cells （P〈0.05） The tumor incidence of K562-n/VCR cells in nude mice was much higher than that of K562-n cells in chemotherapy groups, and the mean volume of the tumors was also larger （P〈0.05）. STI571 combined with VCR significantly suppressed the proliferation of K562-n/VCR cells. Conclusions The MDR characteristics of K562-n/VCR in vivo were the same as in vitro. STI571 had a significant tumor-suppressing effect on VCR-sensitive leukemia ceils and a moderate effect on MDR leukemia cells. VCR combined with STI571 had an excellent tumor-suppressing effect on both K562-n/VCR and K562-n in the human-nude mice xenograft model.

关键词： K562 cells leukemia multidrug-resistance imatinib mesylate xenograft model antitumor assays

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论城镇居民休闲消费力的培育

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消费经济 2006年第1期22卷 57-60,64页

作者：李永周魏静武汉科技大学管理学院武汉430081

全面小康社会是基于经济发展基础之上的经济、社会和人全面发展的发展新阶段。基于人类发展和享受等高层次需要的休闲消费的实现,是评价和衡量城镇居民全面小康水平的重要标志。本文运用制度分析的方法阐述了全面建设小康社会时期发展... 详细信息

全面小康社会是基于经济发展基础之上的经济、社会和人全面发展的发展新阶段。基于人类发展和享受等高层次需要的休闲消费的实现,是评价和衡量城镇居民全面小康水平的重要标志。本文运用制度分析的方法阐述了全面建设小康社会时期发展休闲经济的战略意义,提出培育城镇居民休闲消费力的战略措施。

关键词：休闲经济全面小康社会休闲消费力

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Old-growth mixed dipterocarp forests show variable losses and gains in aboveground biomass and standing carbon over forty years

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forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 14-23页

作者： Sisira Ediriweera Champika bandara Tithira Lakkana Shanika Jayasinghe David Woodbury Arun Dayanandan b.M.P.Singhakumara Xiangcheng Mi I.A.u.N.Gunatilleke C.V.S.Gunatilleke Mark SAshton Department of Science and Technology Uva Wellassa UniversityBadullaSri Lanka The forest School Yale School of the EnvironmentYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA Department of forestry and Environmental Science University of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China botany Department University of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka

background:No studies have documented long-term trends in aboveground biomass(AGb)for mixed-dipterocarp forests(MDf),the dominant rain forest type in tropical wet equatorial *** our study,we sought to document such trends over forty years across three sites representing lowland to lower montane ***:To do this,we established fifty 100 m×25 m plots in 1978 across three sites sampled along an elevation gradient,identified as mature old-growth *** measured trees for diameter at breast height that we identified to species and *** took wood samples to calculate species wood-specific *** re-measured plots in 1998 and again in ***:We show standing AGb for all sites combined to be 517.52 Mg·ha^(-1)in 1978,but this declined by 17%over 40 years to 430.11 Mg·ha^(-1).No differences exist among sites in AGb primarily because of considerable within site variation;but interactions of time with site show declines across sites were not uniform,one remained about the *** few species represented a high proportion of the AGb with the top five species comprising between 34%and 65%,depending upon site and year *** species,Mesua nagassarium,represented a disproportionately large amount of AGb and decline over time,particularly at the low elevation ***:Our results are directly relevant to estimating AGb and standing carbon sequestered in *** study is the first to demonstrate varying but overall,declining trends in amounts of AGb among forests making predictions of biomass and standing carbon in MDf difficult over wide regions.

关键词： Western ghats Shorea spp. Southeast Asia Sri Lanka Tropical rain forest Wood specific gravity

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Crop breeding Chips and Genotyping Platforms： Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives

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Molecular Plant 2017年第8期10卷 1047-1064页

作者： Awais Rasheed yuanfeng Hao Xianchun Xia Awais Khan yunbi Xu Rajeev K. Varshney zh-onghu He Institute of Crop Sciences National Wheat Improvement Center Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) Beijing 100081 China International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMy-f) c/o CAAS Beijing 100081 China Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe biology Cornell University Geneva NY USA International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Patancheru 502324 India

There is a rapidly rising trend in the development and application of molecular marker assays for gene map- ping and discovery in field crops and trees. Thus far, more than 50 SNP arrays and 15 different types of genotyping-by-sequencing （GbS） platforms have been developed in over 25 crop species and perennial trees. However, much less effort has been made on developing ultra-high-throughput and cost-effective genotyping platforms for applied breeding programs. In this review, we discuss the scientific bottlenecks in existing SNP arrays and GbS technologies and the strategies to develop targeted platforms for crop mo- lecular breeding. We propose that future practical breeding platforms should adopt automated genotyping technologies, either array or sequencing based, target functional polymorphisms underpinning economic traits, and provide desirable prediction accuracy for quantitative traits, with universal applications under wide genetic backgrounds in crops. The development of such platforms faces serious challenges at both the technological level due to cost ineffectiveness, and the knowledge level due to large genotype- phenotype gaps in crop plants. It is expected that such genotyping platforms will be achieved in the next ten years in major crops in consideration of （a） rapid development in gene discovery of important traits, （b） deepened understanding of quantitative traits through new analytical models and population designs, （c） integration of multi-layer -omics data leading to identification of genes and pathways responsible for important breeding traits, and （d） improvement in cost effectiveness of large-scale genotyping. Crop breeding chips and genotyping platforms will provide unprecedented opportunities to accelerate the development of cultivars with desired yield potential, quality, and enhanced adaptation to mitigate the effects of climate change.

关键词： Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) Genotyping-by-sequencing (GbS) SNP arrays Crop breeding Genotyping platforms

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Chronic hepatitis b virus infection in Eastern Ethiopia:Clinical characteristics and determinants of cirrhosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第7期16卷 995-1008页

作者： Nejib y Ismael Semir A usmael Nega b belay Hailemichael Desalegn Mekonen Asgeir Johannessen Stian MS Orlien Haramaya university College of Health and Medical SciencesHarar 252Ethiopia Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology Addis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia Regional Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases Oslo University HospitalOslo 0450UllevålNorway Internal Medicine Gastroenterology and Hepatology UnitSaint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical CollegeAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia Department of Infectious Disease Vestfold Hospital TrustTønsberg 3103Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine Oslo UniversityOslo 0318Norway Department of PediatricsOslo UniversityOslo 0450UllevålNorway

bACKGROuND Chronic hepatitis b(CHb)virus infection is a major cause of liver-associated morbidity and mortality,particularly in low-income countries.A better understanding of the epidemiological,clinical,and virological characteristics of CHb will guide appropriate treatment strategies and improve the control and management of CHb in *** To investigate the characteristics of CHb in Eastern Ethiopia and assess the efficacy and safety of antiviral *** This cohort study included 193 adults who were human immunodeficiency virus-negative with CHb between June 2016 and December *** assessments included chemistry,serologic,and viral markers.χ^(2) tests,Mann-Whitney u tests,and logistic regression analyses were used to identify the determinants of *** disoproxil fumarate(TDf)was initiated using treatment criteria from the Ethiopian CHb pilot *** A total of 132 patients(68.4%)were men,with a median age of 30 years[interquartile range(IQR):24-38].At enrollment,60(31.1%)patients had cirrhosis,of whom 35(58.3%)had decompensated *** use,hepatitis b envelope antigen positivity,and a high viral load were independently associated with ***,66 patients(33.4%)fulfilled the treatment criteria and 59(30.6%)started *** 29 patients who completed 24 months of treatment,the median aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index declined from 1.54(IQR:0.66-2.91)to 1.10(IQR:0.75-2.53)(P=0.002),and viral suppression was achieved in 80.9%and 100%of patients after 12 months and 24 months of treatment,*** the treated patients,12(20.3%)died within the first 6 months of treatment,of whom 8 had decompensated *** This study highlights the high prevalence of cirrhosis,initial mortality,and the efficacy of TDf *** up measures to prevent and control CHb infections in Ethiopia is crucial.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis b Cirrhosis Cohort study Resource-limited settings Sub-Saharan Africa

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广东农村居民消费结构变化的实证分析

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消费经济 2005年第6期21卷 54-57页

作者：丁元周树高暨南大学广东广州510632 广东技术师范学院广东广州510665

本文从各类支出比重、消费结构变动度等方面分析了广东农村居民消费结构的变化。同时,又运用ELES对广东农村居民的消费倾向和需求弹性进行了实证研究,结果表明可根据消费倾向变化、降价和提高居民收入来有效促进消费需求。

关键词：广东农村居民消费结构实证分析

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