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Human Brain Slice Culture: A Useful Tool to Study Brain Disorders and Potential Therapeutic Compounds

Neuroscience Bulletin 2019年第2期35卷 244-252页

作者： Xin-Rui Qi Ronald W.H.Verwer Ai-Min Bao Rawien A.Balesar Sabina Luchetti Jiang-Ning Zhou Dick f.Swaab Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine Department of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Netherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAn Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences Department of Neurobiology Institute of NeuroscienceNHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyZhejiang University School of Medicine Key Laboratory of Brain function and Diseases School of Life SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaChinese Academy of Sciences

Investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying brain disorders is a priority if novel therapeutic strategies are to be developed. In vivo studies of animal models and in vitro studies of cell lines/primary cell cultures may provide useful tools to study certain aspects of brain disorders. However, discrepancies among these studies or unsuccessful translation from animal/cell studies to human/clinical studies often occur, because these models generally represent only some symptoms of a neuropsychiatric disorder rather than the complete disorder. Human brain slice cultures from postmortem tissue or resected tissue from operations have shown that, in vitro, neurons and glia can stay alive for long periods of time, while their morphological and physiological characteristics, and their ability to respond to experimental manipulations are maintained. Human brain slices can thus provide a close representation of neuronal networks in vivo, be a valuable tool for investigation of the basis of neuropsychiatric disorders, and provide a platform for the evaluation of novel pharmacological treatments of human brain diseases.A brain bank needs to provide the necessary infrastructure to bring together donors, hospitals, and researchers who want to investigate human brain slices in cultures of clinically and neuropathologically well-documented material.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Brain bank Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Depression Electrical activity Human brain slice culture Neuropsychiatric disorders Organotypic culture Postmortem human brain tissue Resected human brain tissue

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Phylogenetically Distinct Cellulose Synthase Genes Support Secondary Wall Thickening in Arabidopsis Shoot Trichomes and Cotton fiber

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第2期52卷 205-220页

作者： Lissete Betancur Bir Singh Ryan A.Rapp Jonathan f.Wendel M. David Marks Alison W.Roberts Candace H.Haigler Department of Plant Biology North Carolina State University Department of Crop Science North Carolina State University EEOB Department Iowa State University Department of Plant Biology University of Minnesota Department of Biological Sciences CBLSUniversity of Rhode Island

Through exploring potential analogies between cotton seed trichomes （or cotton fiber） and arabidopsis shoot trichomes we discovered that CesAs from either the primary or secondary wall phylogenetic clades can support secondary wall thickening. CesA genes that typically support primary wall synthesis, AtCesA 1,2,3,5, and 6, underpin expansion and secondary wall thickening of arabidopsis shoot trichomes. In contrast, apparent orthologs of CesA genes that support secondary wall synthesis in arabidopsis xylem, AtCesA4,7, and 8, are up-regulated for cotton fiber secondary wall deposition. These conclusions arose from：（a） analyzing the expression of CesA genes in arabidopsis shoot trichomes; （b） observing birefringent secondary walls in arabidopsis shoot trichomes with mutations in AtCesA4, 7, or 8; （c） assaying up-regulated genes during different stages of cotton fiber development; and （d） comparing genes that were *** with primary or secondary wall CesAs in arabidopsis with genes up- regulated in arabidopsis trichomes, arabidopsis secondary xylem, or cotton fiber during primary or secondary wall deposition. Cumulatively, the data show that：（a） the xylem of arabidopsis provides the best model for secondary wall cellulose synthesis in cotton fiber; and （b） CesA genes within a ＂cell wall toolbox＂ are used in diverse ways for the construction of particular specialized cell walls.

关键词： Phylogenetically Distinct Cellulose Synthase Genes Support Secondary Wall Thickening in Arabidopsis Shoot Trichomes and Cotton fiber GUS

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EffECT Of VACUUM HEAT TREATMENT ON OXIDATION BEHAVIOR Of SPUTTERED NiCrAlY COATING

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2002年第1期15卷 61-66页

作者： M.H. Li X.f. Sun Z.Y. Zhang H.R. Guan W.Y. Hu Z.Q Inst. of Metal Res. Chinese Acad. of Sci. Shenyang 110016 China

A bond coat for thermal barrier coating (TBC), NiCrAlY coating, is subjected to vac-uum heat treatment in order to remove internal stress before ceramic top coat is de-posited. The effect of vacuum heat treatment on the oxidation behavior of the sputtered NiCrAlY coating has been investigated. The as-sputtered NiCrAlY coating consists of γ-Ni and b-NiAl phases. After vacuum heat treatment, the sputtered NiCrAlY coating mainly consists of γ'-Ni3Al, β-NiAl, γ-Ni, and trace of α-Al2O3 phases. The isothermal oxidation of sputtered NiCrAlY coating with and without vacuum heat treatment has been performed at 1000℃. It is shown that a-Al2O3 formed during vacuum heat treatment acts as nuclei for the formation of a-Al2O3, and the protective a-Al2O3 scale is formed more rapidly on the vacuum heat treated NiCrAlY coating than that formed on the untreated coating. Also the a-Al2O3 scale has a better adherence to the vacuum heat treated NiCrAlY coating. Therefore the vacuum heat treatment improves the oxidation resistance of sputtered NiCrAlY coating.

关键词： vacuum heat treatment oxidation sputtered NiCrAlY coating

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Adsorption and photo-catalytic properties of layered lepidocrocite-like quasi-amorphous compounds based on modified potassium polytitanates

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Particuology 2014年第6期12卷 22-28页

作者： E.V.Tretyachenko A.V.Gorokhovsky G.Y.Yurkov f.S.fedorov M.A.Vikulova D.S.Kovaleva E.E.Orozaliev Department of Chemistry Saratov State Technical University

TiO2 compounds possess relatively high adsorption abilities and exhibit high photocatalytic activities that exhibit potential for the destruction of organic pollutants in natural and waste *** potassium polytitanates modified using transition metals and their oxides/hydroxides generate new nanomaterials that operate in the visible spectral *** study presents the synthesis and investigation of the structure,composition and photocatalytic activity of powdered nanoscale quasi-amorphous potassium polytitanates particles modified with iron,zinc,copper,cobalt and nickel sulfate in aqueous *** of the powders investigated in this work exhibit a high adsorption capacity for methylene blue dye（15-20mg/g） related to the welldeveloped surface of the layered potassium polytitanate *** transition metals and their oxides/hydroxides influences the electronic structure of the obtained systems.A high photocatalytic activity was observed for systems containing iron,zinc,nickel and their oxides/hydroxides in the ultraviolet and visible ranges.

关键词： Layered potassium titanate Chemical modification Heterostructured particles Photocatalytic activity Adsorption

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The Membrane-Associated Sec1/Munc18 KEULE is Required for Phragmoplast Microtubule Reorganization During Cytokinesis in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2016年第4期9卷 528-540页

作者： Alexander Steiner Lin Muller Katarzyna Rybak Vera Vodermaier Eva facher Martha Thellmann Raksha Ravikumar Gerhard Wanner Marie-Theres Hauser farhah f. Assaad Botany Department School of Life Sciences Technische Universitat Munchen Emil-Ramann-Street 4 85354 Freising Germany Department Biologie I Ludwig-Maximillians Universitat 82152 Planegg-Martinsried Germany Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences 1190 Vienna Austria

Cytokinesis, the partitioning of the cytoplasm following nuclear division, requires extensive coordination between membrane trafficking and cytoskeletal dynamics. In plants, the onset of cytokinesis is characterized by the assembly of a bipolar microtubule array, the phragmoplast, and of a transient membrane compartment, the cell plate. Little is known about the coordination between membrane deposition at the cell plate and the dynamics of phragmoplast microtubules. In this study, we monitor the localization dynamics of microtubule and membrane markers throughout cytokinesis. Our spatiotemporal resolution is consistent with the general view that microtubule dynamics drive membrane movements. Nonetheless, we provide evidence for active sorting at the cell plate and show that this is, at least in part, mediated by the TRAPPII tethering complex. We also characterize phragmoplast microtubule organization and cell plate formation in a suite of cytokinesis-defective mutants. Of four mutant lines with defects in phragmoplast microtubule organization, only morl microtubule-associated mutants exhibited aberrant cell plates. Conversely, the mutants with the strongest impairment in phragmoplast microtubule reorganization are keule alleles, which have a primary defect in membrane fusion. Our findings identify the SEC1/Munc18 protein KEULE as a central regulatory node in the coordination of membrane and microtubule dynamics during plant cytokinesis.

关键词： cytokinesis cell plate phragmoplast microtubule KEULE KNOLLE PLEIADE/MAP65-3

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Effects of a low-radiotoxicity uranium salt(uranyl acetate) on biochemical and hematological parameters of the catfish,Clarias gariepinus

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2016年第1期34卷 109-117页

作者： Khalid.A.AL-GHANIM Zubair AHMAD Hmoud f.Al-Kahem AL-BALAWI fahad AL-MISNED Shahid MABOOB El-Amin M.SULIMAN Department of Zoology College of ScienceP.O.Box 2455King Saud University

Specimens of Clarias gariepinus were treated with lethal(70,75,80,85,90,and 95 mg/L) and sub-lethal concentrations(8,12 and 16 mg/L) of uranyl acetate,a low-radiotoxicity uranium salt. The LC 50 value was registered as 81.45 mg/L. The protein and glycogen concentrations in liver and muscles were decreased in the fish exposed to sub-lethal concentrations. The red blood cell(RBC) and white blood cell(WBC) counts,haemoglobin(Hb) concentration and haematocrit(Hct) values were decreased. Different blood indices like mean corpuscular volume(MCV),mean corpuscular haemoglobin(MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration(MCHC) were negatively affected. Level of plasma glucose was elevated whereas protein was decreased. The level of calcium concentration(Ca) was declined in the blood of exposed fish whereas magnesium(Mg) remains unchanged. The activity level of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT) was elevated in exposed fish. These effects were more pronounced in the last period of exposure and in higher concentrations. Results of the present study indicate that uranyl acetate has adverse effects on C larias gariepinus and causes changes in the biochemical and hematological parameters of the fish.

关键词：血液学参数双氧铀低毒性鲶鱼醋酸生化非洲血红蛋白含量

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Effects of concurrent grain boundary and surface segregation on the final stage of sintering: the case of Lanthanum doped yttriastabilized zirconia

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2017年第3期33卷 251-260页

作者： M.M.Gong S.Dey L.J.Wu C.H.Chang H.Li R.H.R.Castro f.Liu State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi＇an 710072 China Department of Materials Science ＆ Engineering University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

Dopants play a critical role in tailoring the microstructure during sintering of compacts. These dopants may form solid solution within the bulk, and/or segregate to the grain boundaries（GBs） and the solidvapor interfaces（free surfaces）, each causing a distinct energetic scenario governing mass transports during densification and grain growth. In this work, the forces controlling the dopant distribution, in particular the possibility of concurrent segregation at both surfaces and GBs, are discussed based on the respective enthalpy of segregation. An equation is derived based on the minimum Gibbs energy of the system to determine enthalpy of segregation from experimental interface energy data, and the results applied to depict the role of La as a dopant on the interface energetics of yttria stabilized zirconia during its final stage of sintering. It is shown that La substantially decreases both GB and surface energies（differently）as sintering progresses, dynamically affecting its driving forces, and consequent grain growth and densification in this stage.

关键词： Grain boundary(GB) segregation Surface segregation Enthalpy of segregation GB energy Surface energy

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Relationship of Corrosion Behavior Between Single-Phase Equiatomic CoCrNi,CoCrNife,CoCrNifeMn Alloys and Their Constituents in NaCl Solution

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2021年第11期34卷 1574-1584页

作者： D.P.Wang J.W.Shen Z.Chen f.G.Chen P.Y.Guo Y.X.Geng Y.X.Wang School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003China

The composition is a significant issue for corrosion resistance of metallic *** reveal the correlation of corrosion behavior between multiprinciple alloys and their constituents,a series of single-phase equiatomic alloys of CoCrNi,CoCrNife and CoCrNifeMn was *** electrochemical and scanning electron microscope results demonstrated that corrosion resistance of the equiatomic alloys in 0.1 M NaCl solution is located in the range but not the average value of their constituents.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicated that the protective performance of passive film is mainly determined by the constituent with the highest corrosion resistance and the breakdown of passive film is mainly dominated by the elements with the highest corrosion *** findings can guide the materials design of multiprinciple alloys with expected corrosion performance.

关键词： High-entropy alloy Corrosion Constituent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) Passive films

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无机非金属材料断裂力学

无机非金属材料断裂力学

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作者： f.f.·兰格(f.f. Lange)

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Concordance of non-invasive mechanical and serum tests for liver fibrosis evaluation in chronic hepatitis C

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第8期9卷 436-442页

作者： Denise C Paranaguá-Vezozzo Adriana Andrade Daniel f C Mazo Vinicius Nunes Ana L Guedes Taisa G Ragazzo Renata Moutinho Lucas S Nacif Suzane K Ono Venancio A f Alves flair J Carrilho Division of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology Hospital das ClínicasDepartment of GastroenterologyUniversity of Sao Paulo School of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology School of Medical SciencesState University of Campinas Department of Pathology University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine

AIM To determine the sensitivity and specificity of liver stiffness measurement(LSM) and serum markers(SM) for liver fibrosis evaluation in chronic hepatitis *** Between 2012 and 2014,81 consecutive hepatitis C virus(HCV) patients had METAVIR score from liver biopsy compared with concurrent results from LSM [transient elastography(TE) [fibroS can~/ARfI technology(Virtual Touch~)] and SM [fIB-4/aspartate aminotransferase-toplatelet ratio index(APRI)].The diagnostic performance of these tests was assessed using receiver operating characteristic *** optimal cut-off levels of each test were chosen to define fibrosis stages f ≥ 2,f ≥ 3 and f = *** Kappa index set the concordance *** fifty point six percent were female and the median age was 51 years(30-78).fifty-six patients(70%) weretreatment-na?*** optimal cut-off values for predicting f ≥ 2 stage fibrosis assessed by TE were 6.6 kP a,for acoustic radiation force impulse(ARfI) 1.22 m/s,for APRI 0.75 and for fIB-4 *** f ≥ 3 TE was 8.9 kP a,ARfI was 1.48 m/s,APRI was 0.75,and fIB-4 was *** f = 4,TE was 12.2 kP a,ARfI was 1.77 m/s,APRI was 1.46,and fIB-4 was *** APRI could not distinguish between f2 and f3,P = *** negative predictive value for f = 4 for TE and ARfI was 100%.Kappa index values for f ≥ 3 METAVIR score for TE,ARfI and fIB-4 were 0.687,0.606 and 0.654,*** demonstrates strong concordance between all three screening methods,and moderate to strong concordance between them and APRI(Kappa index = 0.507).CONCLUSION Given the costs and accessibility of LSM methods,and the similarity with the outcomes of SM,we suggest that fIB-4 as well as TE and ARfI may be useful indicators of the degree of liver *** is of particular importance to developing countries.

关键词： Elastography Serum markers Hepatitis C virus Liver stiffness Liver biopsy

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