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Increasing age and duration of sex work among female sex workers in South Africa and implications for HIV incidence estimation:Bayesian evidence synthesis and simulation exercise

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第1期9卷 263-277页

作者： Nanina Anderegg Mariette Slabbert Kholi Buthelezi Leigh f.Johnson Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research School of Public HealthUniversity of Cape TownSouth Africa Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine University of BernSwitzerland Independent Consultant PretoriaSouth Africa National Sex Workers Movement in South Africa

Introduction:In sub-Saharan Africa,accurate estimates of the HIV epidemic in female sex workers are crucial for effective prevention and care *** estimates are typically derived from mathematical models that assume certain demographic and behavioural characteristics like age and duration of sex work to remain constant over *** reviewed this assumption for female sex workers in South ***:We reviewed studies that reported estimates on either the age or the duration of sex work among female sex workers in South *** used Bayesian hierarchical models to synthesize reported estimates and to study time *** a simulation exercise,we also investigated the potential impact of the"constant age and sex work duration"-assumption on estimates of HIV ***:We included 24 different studies,conducted between 1996 and 2019,contributing 42 estimates on female sex worker age and 27 estimates on sex work *** was evidence suggesting an increase in both the duration of sex work and the age of female sex workers over *** to the fitted models,over each decade the expected duration of sex work increased by 55.6%(95%-credible interval[CrI]:23.5%–93.9%)and the expected age of female sex workers increased by 14.3%(95%-CrI:9.1%–19.1%).Over the 23-year period,the predicted mean duration of sex work increased from 2.7 years in 1996 to 7.4 years in 2019,while the predicted mean age increased from 26.4 years to 32.3 *** for these time trends in the simulation exercise resulted in a notable decline in estimated HIV incidence rate among sex workers over *** decline was significantly more pronounced than when assuming a constant age and duration of sex ***:In South Africa,age and duration of sex work in female sex workers increased over *** this trend might be influenced by factors like expanding community mobilization and improved rights advocacy,the ongoing criminalisation,stigmatisation of s

关键词： female sex workers Mathematical modelling South Africa HIV

Small molecular decoys in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1658-1659页

作者： Sho Oasa Valentina L.Kouznetsova Igor f.Tsigelny Lars Terenius Department of Clinical Neuroscience Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden San Diego Supercomputer Center University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Neurosciences University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska University HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden

Recent progress in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)using antibodies against amyloid sustains amyloid generation as a key process in *** formation starts with two amyloidbeta(Aβ)molecules interacting(dimer formation)followed by an accelerating build-up of socalled protofibrils,which turn into fibrils,which accumulate in the characteristic plaques.

关键词： Alzheimer decoy Aβ

A Comprehensive Review on Charging Topologies and Power Electronic Converter Solutions for Electric Vehicles

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第3期12卷 675-694页

作者： Abdelfatah Ali Hossam H.H.Mousa Mostafa f.Shaaban Maher A.Azzouz Ahmed S.A.Awad the Department of Electrical Engineering American University of Sharjah26666 SharjahUnited Arab Emirates the Department of Electrical Engineering South Valley University83523 QenaEgypt the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WindsorWindsorON N9B 3P4 Canada Electrical Engineering Department Qatar UniversityDoha 2713Qatar Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat123Oman

Electric vehicles(EVs)are becoming more popular worldwide due to environmental concerns,fuel security,and price *** performance of EVs relies on the energy stored in their batteries,which can be charged using either AC(slow)or DC(fast)***,EVs can also be used as mobile power storage devices using vehicle-to-grid(V2G)*** electronic converters(PECs)have a constructive role in EV applications,both in charging EVs and in ***,this paper comprehensively investigates the state of the art of EV charging topologies and PEC solutions for EV *** examines PECs from the point of view of their classifications,configurations,control approaches,and future research prospects and their impacts on power *** can be classified into various topologies:DC-DC converters,AC-DC converters,DC-AC converters,and AC-AC *** address the limitations of traditional DC-DC converters such as switching losses,size,and high-electromagnetic interference(EMI),resonant converters and multiport converters are being used in high-voltage EV ***,power-train converters have been modified for high-efficiency and reliability in EV *** paper offers an overview of charging topologies,PECs,challenges with solutions,and future trends in the field of the EV charging station applications.

关键词： Charging station charging topology electric vehicle power electronic converter vehicle-to-grid

Thermoluminescence characterization of natural and synthetic irradiated Ce-monazites

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第4期42卷 643-650页

作者： V.Correcher C.Boronat J.Garcia-Guinea J.f.Benavente T.Rivera-Montalvo CIEMAT Av.Complutense 4028040MadridSpain MNCN-CSIC J.Gutierrez Abascal 228006MadridSpain Instituto Politécnico Nacional CICATA-IPNAv.Legaria 694Mexico City11500Mexico

The thermoluminescence(TL)emission of synthetic and natural Ce-monazites was characterized here to determine the potential application in the identification of microscopic defects from a qualitative point of view trying to link each TL peak to a chemical-physical *** kinetic parameters that lead the luminescence processes were calculated by means of variable heating rate and computing glow curve deconvolution methods and allow identifying three groups of components at~90,130 and 290℃(for the mineral sample)and~90,170,220,270 and 320℃(for the synthetic CePO_(4):Nd_(0.20),La_(0.25)).The main differences appreciated in these complex TL curves are mainly due to(i)the content of impurities(natural sample contains lanthanides as well as U 0.60%and Th 5.22%)and(ii)the degree of crystallinity of the samples which is directly related to the type of impurities(synthetic monazite relies only on Nd and La).The behavior of the dose response in the range of 1-8 Gy is similar for both samples;the TL intensity increases linearly as the dose increases without changes in the position of the maxima,denoting first-order kinetic luminescence *** peak could be mostly associated with structural defects(i.e.,phase transitions),chemical reactions(i.e.,Ce3+?Ce4+redox reaction,dehydration or dehydroxylation processes)or intrinsic defects(i.e.,frenkel defects,ODCs or NBOHCs).

关键词： Thermoluminescence Kineticparameters Phosphate Ce-monazite Defects Rare earths

Microstructure evolution and shape memory behaviors of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)alloy subjected to multistep thermomechanical loading with different prestrain levels

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第4期171卷 80-93页

作者： Y.H.Zhang H.Li Z.W.Yang X.Liu Q.f.Gu State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of High-Performance Precision forming Technology and Equipment Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)shape memory alloy(SMA)is a promising material in the aerospace field due to its wide transformation *** application of shape memory effect depends on multistep thermomechan-ical loading,viz.,low-temperature deformation and subsequent heating to ***-temperature deformation prestrain plays a pivotal role in shape memory properties tailoring of SMA ***,microstructure evolution and deformation mechanisms of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)SMA subjected to vari-ous prestrain levels are still *** this end,microstructure evolution and shape memory behaviors of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)alloy subjected to multistep thermomechanical loading with prestrain levels of 8%-16%at-28℃(M_(s)+30℃)were *** results demonstrate that the stress-strain curve of the specimen exhibits four distinct stages at a maximal prestrain of 16%.Whereas stageⅡand stageⅢend at prestrains of∼8%and∼12%,*** stageⅡ,the stress-induced martensitic transformation is accompanied by the dislocation slip of the NiTi matrix andβ-Nb *** stageⅢ,in addition to the higher density of dislocations and further growth of stress-induced martensite variants(SIMVs),(001)compound twins are introduced as a result of the(001)deformation twinning in stress-induced ***{20-1}martensite twins are gradually introduced in stageⅣ.Correspondingly,after subsequent unloading and heating,a higher density of{114}austenite twins form in the specimen with a larger prestrain of 16%.With increasing prestrain from 8%to 16%,the recoverable strainε_(re)^(T)upon heating increases first and then ***ε_(re)^(T)obtains a maximum of 7.03%at 10%prestrain and de-creases to 6.17%at 16%*** increase ofε_(re)^(T)can be attributed to the formation of new SIMVs,the further growth of existing SIMVs,and the recoverable(001)compound *** the decrease ofε_(re)^(T)is mainly associated with the irrecoverable strain by{20−1}martensite *** effe

关键词： Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)shape memory alloy Wide transformation hysteresis Thermomechanical loading Microstructure evolution Shape memory behaviors Stress-induced martensitic transformation Deformation twinning

Evasive attacks against autoencoder-based cyberattack detection systems in power systems

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Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 126-135页

作者： Yew Meng Khaw Amir Abiri Jahromi Mohammadreza f.M.Arani Deepa Kundur Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3G4Canada School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUnited Kingdom Department of Electrical Computer&Biomedical EngineeringToronto Metropolitan University(formerly Ryerson University)TorontoON M5B 2K3Canada

The digital transformation process of power systems towards smart grids is resulting in improved reliability, efficiency and situational awareness at the expense of increased cybersecurity vulnerabilities. Given the availability of large volumes of smart grid data, machine learning-based methods are considered an effective way to improve cybersecurity posture. Despite the unquestionable merits of machine learning approaches for cybersecurity enhancement, they represent a component of the cyberattack surface that is vulnerable, in particular, to adversarial attacks. In this paper, we examine the robustness of autoencoder-based cyberattack detection systems in smart grids to adversarial attacks. A novel iterative-based method is first proposed to craft adversarial attack samples. Then, it is demonstrated that an attacker with white-box access to the autoencoder-based cyberattack detection systems can successfully craft evasive samples using the proposed method. The results indicate that naive initial adversarial seeds cannot be employed to craft successful adversarial attacks shedding insight on the complexity of designing adversarial attacks against autoencoder-based cyberattack detection systems in smart grids.

关键词： Cybersecurity Adversarial attacks Anomaly detection Iterative-based methods Substati on automati on

Estimation of monthly global solar radiation over twelve major cities of Libya

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Energy and Built Environment 2024年第1期5卷 46-57页

作者： Alhassan Ali Teyabeen Najeya B.Elhatmi Akram A.Essnid f.Mohamed Libyan Center for Solar Energy Research and Studies TripoliLibya Libyan Authority of Scientific Research TripoliLibya

This study aims to estimate monthly averaged daily horizontal global solar *** climatological data collected at twelve major cities located across Libya’s map were used to establish 7 different empirical *** empirical coefficients of the models were calculated using the least square *** accuracy of the models was evaluated using different statistical criteria such as Taylor diagram,mean absolute percentage error,MAPE,and root mean square error,*** results indicated that the sunshine duration-based models are more accurate than air temperature-based models,and the best performance was obtained by the quadratic regression model for all twelve Libyan ***,this regression model can be used for the prediction of monthly mean horizontal global solar radiation at a specific site across Libya’s regions with minimum ***,the results of the global solar irradiance produced by this method can be used for designing solar systems applications.

关键词： Monthly global solar radiation Clearness index Empirical models Performance evaluation Taylor diagram Libya

The asymptotic behavior for a binary alloy in energy and material science:The unified method and its applications

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2024年第4期9卷 373-378页

作者： M.Adel K.Aldwoah f.Alahmadi M.S.Osman Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceIslamic University of MadinahMedinaSaudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceCairo UniversityGiza 12613Egypt

The Cahn-Hilliard system was proposed to the first time by Chan and Hilliard in *** model(or system of equations)has intrinsic participation energy and materials sciences and depicts significant characteristics of two phase systems relating to the procedures of phase separation when the temperature is *** instance,it can be noticed when a binary alloy(“Aluminum+Zinc”or“Iron+Chromium”)is cooled down *** this case,partially or totally nucleation(nucleation means the appearance of nuclides in the material)is observed:the homogeneous material in the initial state gradually turns into inhomogeneous,giving rise to a very accurate dispersive ***,when the time scale is slower the microstructure becomes *** this work,to the first time,the unified method is presented to investigate some physical interpretations for the solutions of the Cahn-Hilliard system when its coefficients varying with time,and to show how phase separation of one or two components and their concentrations occurs dynamically in the ***,2D and 3D plots are introduced to add more comprehensive study which help to understand the physical phenomena of this *** technique applied in this analysis is powerful and efficient,as evidenced by the computational work and *** technique can also solve a large number of higher-order evolution equations.

关键词： Cahn-Hilliard system Traveling wave solutions The unified method Variable coefficients

RPLP0/TBP are the most stable reference genes for human dental pulp stem cells under osteogenic differentiation

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第6期16卷 656-669页

作者： Daniel B ferreira Leticia M Gasparoni Cristiane f Bronzeri Katiucia B S Paiva Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology and Cellular Interaction Department of AnatomyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05508-000São PauloBrazil

BACKGROUND Validation of the reference gene(RG)stability during experimental analyses is essential for correct quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)data ***,in an unreliable way,several studies use genes involved in essential cellular functions[glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydro-genase(GAPDH),18S rRNA,andβ-actin]without paying attention to whether they are suitable for such experimental conditions or the reason for choosing such ***,such studies use only one gene when Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments guidelines recom-mend two or more *** impacts the credibility of these studies and causes dis-tortions in the gene expression *** tissue engineering,the accuracy of gene expression drives the best experimental or therapeutical *** cultivated DPSCs under two conditions:Undifferentiated and osteogenic dif-ferentiation,both for 35 *** evaluated the gene expression of 10 candidates for RGs[ribosomal protein,large,P0(RPLP0),TATA-binding protein(TBP),GAPDH,actin beta(ACTB),tubulin(TUB),aminolevulinic acid synthase 1(ALAS1),tyro-sine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein,zeta(YWHAZ),eukaryotic translational elongation factor 1 alpha(Ef1a),succinate dehydrogenase complex,subunit A,flavoprotein(SDHA),and beta-2-micro-globulin(B2M)]every 7 d(1,7,14,21,28,and 35 d)by *** data were analysed by the four main algorithms,ΔCt method,geNorm,Normfinder,and BestKeeper and ranked by the Reffinder *** subdivided the samples into eight *** All of the data sets from clonogenic and osteogenic samples were analysed using the Reffinder *** final ranking showed RPLP0/TBP as the two most stable RGs and TUB/B2M as the two least stable *** theΔCt method or Normfinder analysis showed TBP/RPLP0 as the two most stable ***,geNorm analysis showed RPLP0/Ef1αin the first *** algorithms’two least stab

关键词： Dental pulp stem cells Reference gene Housekeeping gene Endogenous gene Osteogenic differentiation Reffinder