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The stability of carbon from a maize-derived hydrochar as a function of fractionation and hydrothermal carbonization temperature in a Podzol

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 315-326页

作者： Megan de jager frank Schröter Michael Wark Luise Giani Institut für Biologie Und Umweltwissenschaften Carl Von Ossietzky Univer-sitätOldenburgGermany Institut für Chemie Carl Von Ossietzky UniversitätOldenburgGermany

Hydrochar(HC)produced by the hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)of typically wet biomass is generally considered to be less effective for carbon(C)sequestration in soils compared to biochar(BC)by pyrolysis,due to a higher content of more easily decomposable *** the recalcitrance of HC is suggested to improve with increasing HTC production temperature,the way it interacts and becomes associated with soil organic matter(SOM)fractions of different stabilities against decomposition,may also influence its effectiveness for C sequestration in *** that respect,this study aimed to verify the potential of HCs from maize silage produced at different HTC temperatures(190,210 and 230℃)for C sequestration in a HC-amended sandy loam *** do this,we conducted a pot trial experiment and traced the fate of HC-derived C(HC-C)within different SOM fractions,namely the free-and occluded particulate organic matter(POMf and POMO,respectively)fractions and that comprising organic matter(OM)bound to clays(OMCl).Approx.1 year after applying 5%of the different HTC temperature HCs to the soil,the SOM fractions were isolated by density fractionation for each HC treatment(HC190,HC210 and HC230)and the control(absent of HC).All fractions and the HCs were analyzed for organic C(OC)content and isotopic signatures(δ^(13)C).from the δ^(13)C signatures,the amount of HC-C and native soil organic carbon(SOC)within each fraction was *** C contents and decreased H/C and O/C ratios were observed with increasing HTC production temperatures,which sug-gests a lower stability for the low temperature *** ca.1 year,a loss of~20-23%of the bulk soil TOC was found in the HC-amended *** POMf fraction of the HC-amended soils showed losses of 68-81%HC-C and 52-72%native SOC,which may be due to a positive priming effect caused by HC *** POM_(O) and OM_(Cl) fractions of the HC-amended soils contained more OC than the control,indicating the integration of HC-C together wi

关键词： Hydrochar Carbon sequestration Carbon stabilization Soil organic matter fractions Soil density fractionation δ^(13)C analysis

Room temperature synthesis of perylene diimides facilitated by high amic acid solubility

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Organic Chemistry frontiers 2022年第4期9卷 1090-1108页

作者： Markus C.Kwakernaak Marijn Koel Peter J.L.van den Berg Erik M.Kelder Wolter f.jager department of Chemical Engineering Delft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629 HZ DelftThe Netherlands department of Radiation Science and Technology/Reactor Institute delft Delft University of Technology2629 JB DelftThe Netherlands

A novel protocol for the synthesis of perylene diimides(PDIs),by reacting perylene dianhydride(PDA)with aliphatic amines is *** conversions were obtained at temperatures between 20 and 60℃,using DBU as the base in DM... 详细信息

关键词： synthesis solubility anhydride

An investigation of the effects of hydrochar application rate on soil amelioration and plant growth in three diverse soils

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Biochar 2021年第3期3卷 349-365页

作者： Megan de jager Luise Giani Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Institut Für Biologie Und UmweltwissenschaftenOldenburgGermany

The hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)of biogas digestate alters the raw materials inherent characteristics to produce a carbon(C)-rich hydrochar(HC),with an improved suitability for soil *** studies report conflicting impacts of various HC application rates on soil properties and plant *** this study,the influence of HC application rate on soil improvement and plant growth aspects was investigated in three diverse soils(Chernozem,Podzol,and Gleysol).Pot trials were conducted in which all soils were amended with 5,10,20 and 30%(w/w)HC in quintuplicate,with two controls of pure soil(with and without plants,respectively)also *** to potting,soil samples were collected from all HC-amended soils and controls and analyzed for soil pH,plant available nutrients(PO4-P and K),and microbial activity using standard laboratory and statistical *** after potting,a 6-week seed germination experiment using Chinese cabbage was conducted to determine germination success,followed by a plant growth experiment of equal duration and plant species to determine biomass *** the end of the study(after a total plant growth period of 12 weeks),each pot was sampled and comparatively analyzed for the same soil properties as at the beginning of the *** pH shifted toward the pH of the HC(6.6)in all soils over the course of the study,but was most expressed in the 20%and 30%application rates,confirming the well-documented liming effect of *** addition of HC increased the PO4-P and K contents,particularly with 20%and 30%HC *** results are proposedly due to the large labile C fraction of the HC,which is easily degradable by *** rapid decomposition of this C fraction prompted the quick release of the HCs inherently high PO4-P and K content into the soil,and in turn,further stimulated microbial activity,until this fraction was essentially *** addition did not inhibit seed germination at any rate,presumabl

关键词： Biogas digestate Hydrochar application rate Soil improvement Nutrient availability Microbial activity

Shifts in hydropower operation to balance wind and solar will modify effects on aquatic biota

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Water Biology and Security 2022年第3期1卷 88-98页

作者： Henriette I.jager Thushara de Silva Rocio Uria-Martinez Brenda M.Pracheil Jordan Macknick Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831-6038USA National Renewable Energy Laboratory GoldenCOUSA

To avoid negative consequences to freshwater biota from climate change,society must complete the transition from fossil to renewable electricity ***,temporal patterns in hydropower generation(and flow releases that affect aquatic biota)may change with increased wind and solar *** used power cost modeling to characterize current and future within-day and seasonal patterns in hydropower generation across the Eastern Interconnection in a wet and a dry *** to the baseline,future hydropower generation across the grid decreased during the day and increased before dawn and after *** a project level,such a pattern would suggest‘double peaking’operation(up-and down-ramping before dawn and after dusk,with lower releases midday).Variation in generation was higher in wet years than dry years,foreshadowing possible flow constraints on hydropower *** the grid scale,projected ramping rates were higher in all seasons.A review of the ecological literature suggests that these changes would shift the timing of invertebrate drift and elevate the risk of nest scouring during up-ramping and the risk of stranding or dewatering during down *** conditions may be moderated by increased *** for adapting to future shifts in the renewable portfolio range from re-regulation in reservoir cascades to providing flow refuge(structures and vegetation)below individual *** basin-scale operation can distribute peaking operation to maintain grid support while restricting local ramping at critical ecological *** addition,research to design hybrid renewable systems that add battery storage is needed to understand how we can mitigate future risks to aquatic communities while promoting the use of renewable *** study,which is among the first to examine ecological side-effects of the shift to renewable energy in freshwater ecosystems,lays out a path toward understanding and navigating changes to flow regime

关键词： Wind Solar Hydropower Hydropeaking Temporal niche Double peaking Ramping Stranding dewatering PLEXOS

The influence of hydrochar from biogas digestate on soil improvement and plant growth aspects

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Biochar 2020年第2期2卷 177-194页

作者： Megan de jager Michael Rohrdanz Luise Giani Carl Von Ossietzky Universitat Institut für Biologie und UmweltwissenschaftenOldenburgGermany

Hydrochar(HC),produced by hydrothermal carbonization,offers technical advantages over biochar(BC)produced by pyrolysis,and is suitable for soil amelioration,carbon sequestration,and enhanced plant *** grain size has been shown to influence nutrient retention,microbial colonization and aggregate formation;however,similar research for HC is *** trials were conducted to investigate the influence of HC grain size[coarse(6.3-2 mm),medium(2-0.63 mm)and fine(from biogas digestate,for soil improvement in three soils:loamy Chernozem,sandy Podzol,and clayey Gleysol,at a 5%HC application rate(w/w).All soils including two controls(with and without plants)were analysed for water holding capacity(WHC),cation exchange capacity(CEC),wet aggregate stability,pH,plant available nutrients(PO_(4)-P,K and N_(min))and germination and biomass success using standard laboratory and statistical *** pH showed a compensatory shift toward the HC pH(7.2)in all soils over the course of the *** example,the pH of the medium grained HC treatment for the Chernozem decreased from 7.9 to 7.2 and increased in the Podzol and Gleysol from 5.9 to 6.1 and 4.9 to 5.5,*** nutrient-rich HC(2034±38.3 mg kg^(−1) PO_(4)-P and 2612.5±268.7 mg kg^(−1) K content)provided only a short-term supply of nutrients,due to the relatively easily mineralized fraction of HC,which allowed for quick nutrient *** pH and PO_(4)-P effects were most pronounced in the fine grained HC treatments,with a~87%,~308%and~2500%increase in PO_(4)-P content in the Chernozem,Podzol and Gleysol,respectively,compared to the controls at the beginning of the *** same trend was observed for the K and NH_(4)^(+)content in the fine and medium grained HC treatments in all *** seed germination inhibition of Chinese cabbage was observed,with average germina-tion rates>50%in all *** effect on NO_(3)^(−)content was indeterminable,while there was little to no effect on biom

关键词： Hydrochar Soil improvement Grain size Plant available nutrients

Long-term follow-up of quality of life in high-risk patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation for symptomatic aortic valve stenosis

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2018年第4期15卷 261-267页

作者： Marjo JAG de Ronde-Tillmans Tom AJ de jager Jeannette A Goudzwaard Nahid El faquir Nicolas M van Mieghem felix Zijlstra Elisabeth MWJ. Utens francesco US Mattace-Raso MaRie J Lenzen Peter PT de Jaegere Erasmus Medical Center Department of Cardiology Thorax Center Rotterdam the Netherlands Erasmus Medical Center Section of Geriatrics Department of Internal Medicine Rotterdam the Netherlands Erasmus Medical Center Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology Sophia Children 's Hospital Rotterdam the Netherlands The Netherlands Research Institute of Child development and Education University of Amsterdam the Netherlands

BackgroundTranscatheter 大动脉的阀门培植(TAVI ) 与严重征兆的大动脉的狭窄为病人成为了标准治疗(作为) 为外科的大动脉的阀门代替在很高的风险考虑了。这亚学习的目的是评估长期的(> 4 年) 在 octogenarians 的生活(QoL ) 的健康相... 详细信息

BackgroundTranscatheter 大动脉的阀门培植(TAVI ) 与严重征兆的大动脉的狭窄为病人成为了标准治疗(作为) 为外科的大动脉的阀门代替在很高的风险考虑了。这亚学习的目的是评估长期的(> 4 年) 在 octogenarians 的生活(QoL ) 的健康相关的质量经历了 *** 单个中心在在 TAVI 以后经历了框架分析评价 4 年的二十个病人的观察登记。健康相关的 QoL 被评估，用短 form-36 ( Sf-36 )，吗 EuroQoL-5D ( EQ-5D )和 *** 平均数 Sf-36 subscale 在后续获得的视觉类似物分数(EQ管)是物理的工作 40.8 ????????????????????????????搠?潮潶???吗?湡楧灯慬瑳?????????愠杮潩牧灡票?€ 敦潭潲潰汰瑩慥???????????????愠桴牥'啼蠹溃浚?

关键词：大动脉阀门培植狭窄征兆质量生活风险

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生活中的油脂

生活中的油脂

Parity Violating Electron Scattering at Jlab

2004年中国化妆品学术研讨会

作者： Henk de jager Jan dekker Nederland B．V

植物油在上个世纪的化妆品中发挥着非常重要的作用,而几百年前植物油通常与庆典有密切的联系,是世界上某些地区所特有的生活方式。例如埃及人在肚脐上擦抹椒木油(Moringa Oil)来表示对众神的崇敬,而在婚礼上使用烛坚果油(Kukui Nut Oil)... 详细信息

植物油在上个世纪的化妆品中发挥着非常重要的作用,而几百年前植物油通常与庆典有密切的联系,是世界上某些地区所特有的生活方式。例如埃及人在肚脐上擦抹椒木油(Moringa Oil)来表示对众神的崇敬,而在婚礼上使用烛坚果油(Kukui Nut Oil);某些非洲国家的人们则充分利用酪脂树(即牛油果树) 油(Shea Butter)的防晒功能等。

关键词：油脂防晒功能化妆品化学结构

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Parity Violating Electron Scattering at Jlab

Terrestrial ground temperature variations in relation to solar magnetic variability,including the present Schwabe cycle

China-US Symposium on Medium Energy Physics and Workshop

作者： Kees de jager Jefferson Lab

＜正＞Discribing the Strangeness in Nucleons, New results from G0 and HAPPEx,Status and plans for further measurements. The Neutron Skin of a Heavy Spinless Nucleus,A planned measurement of elastic WNC amplitude off 208pb, PV deep Inelastic Scattering at 11 GeV, Potential of precision studies of Charge Symmetry Violations at the parton level, nucleon structure at high x, Low-Energy Weak Mixing-Angle Measurements, final result from the E158 Experiment at SLAC and Possible new measurements at Jefferson Lab.

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Natural Science 2013年第10期5卷 1112-1120页

作者： C.de jager H.Nieuwenhuijzen Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Formerly Astronomical Institute and SRON Laboratory for Space ResearchSorbon-nelaan 2UtrechtThe Netherlands SRON Laboratory for Space Research Sorbonnelaan 2UtrechtThe Netherlands

We study the influence of solar activity on climate by investigating the relation between the long-term components of the total magnetic fluxes of both the equatorial and polar fields of the sun and the average terrestrial ground temperature. This is done for the period 1610 (beginning of systematic sunspot observations) till present with an extrapolation to 2015. It is found that from 1610 till about the first half of the 20th century the variation of the long-term average terrestrial ground temperatures is chiefly due to the variation of solar activity, with seemingly random, non-solar residuals. Around 2007, after the Grand Maximum of the 20th century, solar activity, after having gone through a remarkable transition period (~2005 to ~2010), entered into another Grand Episode. That Episode started with the present solar cycle, in shape comparable to the equally weak Schwabe cycle #14. The transition period, in combination with the present low Schwabe cycle causes that the solar contribution to the total terrestrial temperature variation is small during the on-going decade. It results in a slowing down of the rise of temperature after ~2005.

关键词： Solar Activity Climate Dynamo Toroidal field Poloidal field