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Exposure to cuticular bacteria can alter host behavior in a funnel-weaving spider

Current Zoology 2018年第3期64卷 721-726页

作者： Olivia B.PARKS Krishna S.KOTHAmASU michael J.ZIEmBA morgan BENNER madison CRISTINZIANO Serena KANTZ Daniel LEGER John LI devanshi PATEL William RABUSE Samantha SUTTON Amandi WILSON Priyanka BAIREDDY Aditi A.KAmAT mariah J.CALLAS matthew J.BORGES marysa N.SCALIA Emily KLENK Gabrielle SCHERER maria m.mARTINEZ Sarah R.GRUBS Nancy KAUfmANN Jonathan N.PRUITT Carl N.KEISER department of Biological Sciences University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15260USA department of Ecology Evolutionand Marine BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA Rice University Academy of fellows Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA department of BioSciences Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA

Contact with environmental microbes are arguably the most common species interaction in which any animal *** have noted diverse relationships between hosts and resident microbes,which can have strong consequences for host development,physiology,and behavior. many of these studies focus specifically on pathogens or beneficial microbes,while the benign microbes,of which the majority of bacteria could be described,are often ***,we explore the nature of the relationships between the grass spider Agelenopsis pennsylvanica and bacteria collected from their cuticles in ***,using culture-based methods,we identified a portion of the cuticular bacterial communities that are naturally associated with these ***,we topically exposed spiders to a subset of these bacterial monocultures to estimate how bacterial exposure may alter 3 host behavioral traits:boldness,aggressiveness,and activity *** conducted these behavioral assays 3 times before and 3 times after topical application,and compared the changes observed in each trait with spiders that were exposed to a sterile control *** identified 9 species of bacteria from the cuticles of 36 spiders and exposed groups of 20 spiders to 1 of 4 species of cuticular *** found that exposure to dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus was associated with a lo-fold decrease in the foraging aggressiveness of spiders toward prey in their *** bacterial exposure did not have survival consequences for hosts,these data suggest that interactions with cuticular bacteria,even non- pathogenic bacteria,could alter host behavior.

关键词： Agelenopsis pennsylvanica aggressiveness Araneae cuticular bacteria personality

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饲喂生长猪不同来源豆粕对氨基酸消化率、消化能值和代谢能值的影响

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饲料与畜牧（新饲料） 2009年第7期 62-62页

作者：刘冰 K.m.Baker H.H.Stein

本研究设计两个试验来测定5种豆粕的氨基酸消化率、消化能及代谢能值。5种豆粕来源为：萃取法生产高蛋白大豆粕（SBm-HP）；传统工艺生产的高蛋白大豆粕（SBm—CONV）；压榨法生产高蛋白大豆粕（EE-SBm—HP）；压榨法生产低聚糖大豆粕... 详细信息

本研究设计两个试验来测定5种豆粕的氨基酸消化率、消化能及代谢能值。5种豆粕来源为：萃取法生产高蛋白大豆粕（SBm-HP）；传统工艺生产的高蛋白大豆粕（SBm—CONV）；压榨法生产高蛋白大豆粕（EE-SBm—HP）；压榨法生产低聚糖大豆粕（EE—SBm.lo）；压榨法生产传统豆粕（EE-SBm-CONV）。试验1，5种日粮为无氮日粮，每种日粮添加一种上述来源豆粕。12头生长猪（已阉割，初体重：67．7±1．34kg），采用6×6拉丁方设计（6个试验阶段和6种日粮）。每个试验阶段7d，在第6d或7d收集回肠食糜。

关键词：氨基酸消化率能量高蛋白豆粕低聚糖豆粕猪

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欧洲与美国结直肠癌患者生存率差异的研究:分期对诊断和手术的意义

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2005年第6期1卷 46-46页

作者： Ciccolallo L. Capocaccia R. Coleman m.P. 雒向宁 Epidemiology Unit Ist. Naz. per lo Stud./Cura Tumori Via Venezian 1 20133 Milan Italy Dr.

Background: Population based colorectal cancer survival among patients diagnosed in 1985-89 was lower in Europe than in the USA (45%v 59%five year relative survival). Aims: To explain this difference in survival using a newanalytic approach for patients diagnosed between 1990 and 1991. Subjects: A total of 2492 European and 11 191 US colorectal adenocarcinoma patients registered by 10 European and nine US cancer registries. methods: We obtained clinical information on disease stage, number of lymph nodes examined, and surgical treatment. We analysed three year relative survival, calculating relative excess risks of death (RERs, referent category US patients) adjusted for age, sex, site, surgery, stage, and number of nodes examined, using a new multivariable approach. Results: We found that 85%of European patients and 92%of US patients underwent surgical resection. Three year relative survival was 69%for US patients and 57%for European patients. After adjustment for age, sex, and site, the RER was significantly high in all 10 European populations, ranging from 1.07 (95%confidence interval 0.86-1.32) (modena, Italy) to 2.22 (1.79-2.76) (Thames, UK). After further adjustment for stage, surgical resection, and number of nodes examined (a determinant of stage), RERs ranged from 0.77 (0.62-0.96) to 1.59 (1.28-1.97). for some European registries the excess risk was small and not statistically significant. Conclusions: US-Europe survival differences in colorectal cancer are large but seem to be mostly attributable to differences in stage at diagnosis. There are wide variations in diagnostic and surgical practice between Europe and the USA.

关键词：结直肠癌结直肠腺癌人群调查多变量统计临床资料死亡风险

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基于ADAmS旋耕刀工作参数优化及ANSYS仿真分析

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现代农业科技 2018年第2期 167-170页

作者：陈雪张周黄化刚符德龙张富贵吴雪梅贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司贵州毕节551700 贵州大学机械工程学院

为达到旋耕刀最佳工作状态,并对该状态下旋耕刀进行设计及校核验证,以复式作业机械为平台,对旋耕刀尺寸参数进行设计,确定旋耕刀外形尺寸参数为弯刀R240。采用UG三维软件结合设计尺寸参数建立旋耕刀三维模型,将模型导入ADAmS仿真软件进... 详细信息

为达到旋耕刀最佳工作状态,并对该状态下旋耕刀进行设计及校核验证,以复式作业机械为平台,对旋耕刀尺寸参数进行设计,确定旋耕刀外形尺寸参数为弯刀R240。采用UG三维软件结合设计尺寸参数建立旋耕刀三维模型,将模型导入ADAmS仿真软件进行运动学分析,得到旋耕刀最佳转速为ω=5 r/s,机组最佳前进速度为V=1.537 8 m/s。根据旋耕刀工作参数计算出旋耕刀工作载荷f=448.56 N,采用ANSYS软件在工作载荷的作用下分析校核旋耕刀。结果表明,刀尖变形量最大,为0.249 mm,刀柄所受的应力最大,为48.65 mPa,远小于许用应力300 mPa,满足工作要求。本研究为复式作业机械的旋耕部件改进设计提供了参考依据。

关键词：复式作业机械旋耕刀 ADAmS 参数优化运动学有限元分析

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黄斑裂孔术后视功能及主观视力知觉研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（眼科学分册） 2005年第5期1卷 24-24页

作者： Tranos P.G. Ghazi-Nouri S.m.S. Rubin G.S. 王海燕

To evaluate the functional and anatomical results of macular hole surgery and to explore its effect on patients’Health-Related Quality Of Life (HR-QOL) and to investigate the associations between self-reported HR-QOL and conventional measures of visual function. Case series. The National Eye Institute 25-Item V isual function Questionnaire (VfQ-25) and the 36-Item Short-form Health Surve y (Sf-36) were self-administered by 30 patients before and 4 months after macu lar hole surgery. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative clinical data were collected including visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and metamorphopsia . multi-item scales rating different aspects of HR-QOL were compared before an d after surgery, and their correlation with traditional methods of outcome evalu ation was analyzed. macular hole closure was achieved in 26 patients (87%). mea n logmAR visual acuity improved by 6±10 letters for distance and 7 ±12 letters for near. metamorphopsia was reduced by a mean of 35±70 squares on Amsler char t, and Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity decreased by a mean of -0.09 ±0.3 lo g units postoperatively. The VfQ-25 composite score as well as scale scores ass ociated with general vision, near vision, vision-related mental health, and rol e difficulties were significantly improved (P fter successful closure o f macular hole. Conversely out of the eight Sf-36 health concepts, limitation i n usual role activities because of emotional problems was the only one that sign ificantly improved postoperatively. Both baseline and postoperative best-correc ted visual acuity significantly correlated with most of the VfQ subscale scores before and after surgery, respectively. In this case-se-ries, macular hole sur gery appears to have a beneficial effect on patients’subjective perception of v isual function. The use of vision-targeted health status questionnaires in conj unction with detailed clinical examination provides a more comprehensive overvie w of indivi

关键词：黄斑裂孔视功能视物变形手术干预对比敏感度简明健康调查表功能恢复情况临床数据眼科研究所系列分析

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减肥期间低糖负荷饮食对静息能量消耗和心脏病危险因素的作用

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2005年第4期1卷 21-21页

作者： Pereira m. A. Swain J. Goldfine A. B. D. S. Ludwig 王亭忠 department of medicine Children's Hospital 300 Longwood Ave Boston MA 02115 United States Dr.

Context: Weight loss elicits physiological adaptations relating to energy inta ke and expenditure that antagonize ongoing weight loss. Objective: To test wheth er dietary composition affects the physiological adaptations to weight loss, as assessed by resting energy expenditure. design, Study, and Participants: A rando mized paralleldesign study of 39 over-weight or obese young adults aged 18 to 4 0 years who received an energy-restricted diet, either low-glycemic load or lo w-fat. Participants were studied in the General Clinical Research Centers of th e brigham and Women’s Hospital and the Children’s Hospital, Boston, mass, befo re and after 10%weightless. The study was conducted from January 4,2001, to may 6, 2003. main Outcome measures: Resting energy expenditure measured in the fast ing state by indirect calorimetry, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absor ptiometry, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and self-reported hunger. Resul ts: Resting energy expenditure decreased less with the low-glycemic load diet t han with the low-fat diet, expressed in absolute terms(mean[SE], 96 [24] vs 176 [27] kcal/d; P=.04) or as a proportion(5.9%[1.5%] vs 10.6%[1.7%]; P=.05). Pa rticipants receiving the low-glycemic load diet reported less hunger than those receiving the low-fat diet(P=.04). Insulin resistance(P=.01), serum triglyceri des(P=.01), C-reac-tive protein(P=.03), and blood pressure(P=.07 for both syst olic and diastolic) improved more with the low-gly-cemic load diet. Changes in body composition (fat and lean mass) in both groups were very similar(P=.85 and P=.45, respectively). Conclusions: Changes in dietary composition within prevai ling norms can affect physiological adaptations that defend body weight. Reducti on in glycemic load may aid in the prevention or treatment of obesity, cardiovas cular disease, and diabetes mellitus.

关键词：糖负荷静息能量消耗低脂饮食生理性代偿反应饥饿感空腹状态胰岛素抵抗临床研究中心儿童医院心血管疾病

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