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Design of a Novel Exoskeleton with Passive Magnetic Spring Self-locking and Spine Lateral Balancing

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第1期21卷 236-255页

作者： Jhon f.Rodríguez-León Betsy D.M.Chaparro-Rico Daniele Cafolla francesco Lago Eduardo Castillo-Castañeda Giuseppe Carbone Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada Unidad Querétaro MecatronicaInstituto Politécnico NacionalCerro Blanco 14176090 Colinas del CimatarioQuerétaroMexico Department of Mechanical Energy and Management EngineeringUniversity of CalabriaVia P.Bucci Cubo 46 C87036 RendeItaly faculty of Science and Engineering Department of Computer ScienceSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK CESTER University of Cluj-NapocaCluj-NapocaRomania

This paper proposes a new upper-limb exoskeleton to reduce worker physical *** proposed design is based on a novel PRRRP(P-Prismatic;R-Revolute)kinematic chain with 5 passive Degrees of freedom(Dof).Utilizing a magnetic spring,the proposed mechanism includes a specially designed locking mechanism that maintains any desired task *** proposed exoskeleton incorporates a balancing mechanism to alleviate discomfort and spinal torsional effects also helping in limb weight *** paper reports specific models and simulations to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed *** experimental characterization is performed to validate the performance of the mechanism in terms of forces and physical strain during a specific application consisting of ceiling-surface drilling *** obtained results preliminarily validate the engineering feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed exoskeleton in the intended operation task thereby requiring the user to exert significantly less force than when not wearing it.

关键词： Assistive mechanism Exoskeleton Locking mechanism Bionic robot

Bulking Up the Bay-Position Substituents Enables Enhanced Selectivity of C_(s)‑Symmetric Boron Subphthalocyanine−Subnaphthalocyanine Hybrids

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Precision Chemistry 2024年第4期2卷 161-181页

作者： Nina f.farac Alan J.Lough Timothy P.Bender Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3E5Canada Department of Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3H6Canada Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3E4Canada Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3G8Canada

The precise synthesis of subporphyrinoid hybrids withπ-expanded topologies and unique material properties plays a promising role in the design of functional ***,selective,and controllable routes to boron subphthalocyanine−subnaphthalocyanine hybrids,Bsub(Pc_(3‑p)-Nc_(p))s,are desirable for this purpose yet synthetically challenging due to random mixtures of C_(s-),C_(3v-),and,in some cases,C_(1)-symmetric compounds that form during traditional statistical mixed ***,we addressed this issue by developing a sterically driven mixed cyclotrimerization with enhanced selectivity for the targeted C_(s)-symmetric hybrid and complete suppression of sterically crowded macrocyclic *** process,coupled with a rationally designed precursor bearing bulky phenyl substituents,enabled the synthesis and characterization of bay-position phenylated Ph_(2)-(R_(p))_(8)Bsub(Pc_(2)-Nc_(1))hybrids with halogens(Rp=Cl or f)in their peripheral isoindole *** selectivity ranged between 59 and 72%with remarkable yields,significantly higher than that of conventional mixed *** findings were augmented by theoretical calculations on precursor Lewis basicity as guiding principles into hybrid macrocycle ***,the incorporation of unfused phenyl groups and halogen atoms into the hybrid framework resulted in fine-tuned optical,structural,electronic,and electrochemical *** straightforward approach achieved improved selectivity and controlled narrowing of the product distribution,affording the efficient synthesis of structurally sophisticated Bsub(Pc_(2)-Nc_(1))*** then expands the library of 3-dimensionalπ-extended macrocycles for use in a range of applications,such as in optoelectronic devices with precisely tailored optical properties.

关键词： subphthalocyanine hybrids low-symmetry aromatic macrocycle selective cyclotrimerization sterically driven chemistry broad absorption material properties

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Earthquake Science 2024年第6期37卷 514-528页

作者： Huang f. Bao X. Dai Q.A. Li X. Department of Earth and Space Sciences Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geophysical High-resolution Imaging Technology Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China School of Geophysics and Information Technology China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Beijing 100083 China

Existing lithospheric velocity models exhibit similar structures typically associated with the first-order tectonic features, with dissimilarities due to different data and methods used in model generation. The quantification of model structural similarity can help in interpreting the geophysical properties of Earth's interior and establishing unified models crucial in natural hazard assessment and resource exploration. Here we employ the complex wavelet structural similarity index measure (CW-SSIM) active in computer image processing to analyze the structural similarity of four lithospheric velocity models of Chinese mainland published in the past decade. We take advantage of this method in its multiscale definition and insensitivity to slight geometrical distortion like translation and scaling, which is particularly crucial in the structural similarity analysis of velocity models accounting for uncertainty and resolution. Our results show that the CW-SSIM values vary in different model pairs, horizontal locations, and depths. While variations in the inter-model CW-SSIM are partly owing to different databases in the model generation, the difference of tomography methods may significantly impact the similar structural features of models, such as the low similarities between the full-wave based fWEA18 and other three models in northeastern China. We finally suggest potential solutions for the next generation of tomographic modeling in different areas according to corresponding structural similarities of existing models. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Chinese mainland lithosphere structural similarity tomography velocity model

The Importance of Posterior Tibial Slope in TKR: Pre and Post-Operative Measurements in United States Osteoarthritic Patients

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第8期14卷 374-379页

作者： frederick f. Buechel Sr frederick f. Buechel Jr Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Newark USA Lenox Hill Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery New York USA

Background: Sagittal plane placement of the tibial component in total knee replacement (TKR) has important implications for maximizing the range of flexion motion, allowing collateral ligaments to function more normally, as well as providing ideal compressive loading on the tibial bone-prosthesis interface. This study attempts to quantify the normal posterior tibial slope (PTS) angle pre-operatively and post-operatively in osteoarthritic patients after using a conventional extramedullary tibial resection guide to assess its effectiveness. Methods: forty-nine primary cementless total knee replacements in 34 osteoarthritic patients were measured radiographically pre-operatively and one year post-operatively to determine the PTS and its effect on range of motion. Lateral X-rays, using the anterior cortical line of the tibia, were employed for all measurements. Results: Pre-operative PTS measured 11.83˚ (range 5˚ - 18˚), while post-operative PTS of implanted tibial components measured 11.30o (range 4˚ - 18˚). The pre-operative range of motion of 112˚ (range 30˚ to 135˚) was improved to 119˚ (range 90˚ to 135˚) post-operatively after 1 year. Conclusions: Anterior tibial shaft referencing using a conventional extramedullary tibial resection guide provides an easy and convenient method for reproducing the anatomical PTS during TKR. This methodology provided improvement in average range of motion from 112˚ pre-operatively to 119˚ post-operatively at one year.

关键词： Posterior Tibial Slope Posterior Tibial Inclination Extramedullary Tibial Resection Guide Total Knee Alignment

Promotion of structural plasticity in area V2 of visual cortex prevents against object recognition memory deficits in aging and Alzheimer's disease rodents

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1835-1841页

作者： Irene Navarro-Lobato Mariam Masmudi-Martín Manuel f.López-Aranda Juan f.López-Téllez Gloria Delgado Pablo Granados-Durán Celia Gaona-Romero Marta Carretero-Rey Sinforiano Posadas María E.Quiros-Ortega Zafar U.Khan Laboratory of Neurobiology Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias(CIMES)University of MalagaMalagaSpain Department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalagaMalagaSpain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas(CIBERNED) Institute of Health Carlos IIIMadridSpain the Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour Radboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands the Brain Metastasis Group National Cancer Research Centre(CNIO)MadridSpain the Department of Neurobiology University of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA

Memory deficit,which is often associated with aging and many psychiatric,neurological,and neurodegenerative diseases,has been a challenging issue for *** till now,all potential drug candidates have failed to produce satisfa ctory ***,in the search for a solution,we found that a treatment with the gene corresponding to the RGS14414protein in visual area V2,a brain area connected with brain circuits of the ventral stream and the medial temporal lobe,which is crucial for object recognition memory(ORM),can induce enhancement of *** this study,we demonstrated that the same treatment with RGS14414in visual area V2,which is relatively unaffected in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer s disease,produced longlasting enhancement of ORM in young animals and prevent ORM deficits in rodent models of aging and Alzheimer’s ***,we found that the prevention of memory deficits was mediated through the upregulation of neuronal arbo rization and spine density,as well as an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNf).A knockdown of BDNf gene in RGS14414-treated aging rats and Alzheimer s disease model mice caused complete loss in the upregulation of neuronal structural plasticity and in the prevention of ORM *** findings suggest that BDNf-mediated neuronal structural plasticity in area V2 is crucial in the prevention of memory deficits in RGS14414-treated rodent models of aging and Alzheimer’s ***,our findings of RGS14414gene-mediated activation of neuronal circuits in visual area V2 have therapeutic relevance in the treatment of memory deficits.

关键词： behavioral performance brain-derived neurotrophic factor cognitive dysfunction episodic memory memory circuit activation memory deficits memory enhancement object recognition memory prevention of memory loss regulator of G protein signaling

Uncovering the epidemiology of bladder cancer in the Arab world: A review of risk factors, molecular mechanisms, and clinical features

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第3期11卷 406-422页

作者： Noura f.Abbas Marc R.Aoude Hampig R.Kourie Humaid OAl-Shamsi Department of Hematology-Oncology Hotel Dieu De France HospitalSaint Joseph University of BeirutRiad El SolhLebanon Department of Oncology Burjeel Cancer InstituteBurjeel Medical CityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates Innovation and Research Center Burjeel Cancer InstituteBurjeel Medical CityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates College of Medicine University of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates Emirates Oncology Society DubaiUnited Arab Emirates College of Medicine Gulf Medical UniversityAjmanUnited Arab Emirates

Objective:Bladder cancer(BC)is a significant public health concern in the Middle East and North Africa,but the epidemiology and clinicopathology of the disease and contributors to high mortality in this region remain poorly *** aim of this systematic review was to investigate the epidemiological features of BC in the Arab world and compare them to those in Western countries in order to improve the management of this ***:An extensive electronic search of the PubMed/PMC and Cochrane Library databases was conducted to identify all articles published until May 2022,following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.A total of 95 articles were included in the final analysis after title,abstract,and full-text screening,with additional data obtained from the GLOBOCAN and WHO 2020 databases.

关键词： Bladder cancer Epidemiology Risk factor Biomarker Schistosomiasis Arab world Urology

GliomaCNN: An Effective Lightweight CNN Model in Assessment of Classifying Brain Tumor from Magnetic Resonance Images Using Explainable AI

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第9期140卷 2425-2448页

作者： Md.Atiqur Rahman Mustavi Ibne Masum Khan Md Hasib M.f.Mridha Sultan Alfarhood Mejdl Safran Dunren Che Department of Computer Science and Engineering Ahsanullah University of Science and TechnologyDhaka1208Bangladesh Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering The University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia Department of Computer Science American International University-BangladeshDhaka1229Bangladesh Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia School of Computing Southern Illinois UniversityCarbondale62901USA

Brain tumors pose a significant threat to human lives and have gained increasing attention as the tenth leading cause of global *** study addresses the pressing issue of brain tumor classification using Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).It focuses on distinguishing between Low-Grade Gliomas(LGG)and High-Grade Gliomas(HGG).LGGs are benign and typically manageable with surgical resection,while HGGs are malignant and more *** research introduces an innovative custom convolutional neural network(CNN)model,*** stands out as a lightweight CNN model compared to its *** research utilized the BraTS 2020 dataset for its *** with the gradient-boosting algorithm,GliomaCNN has achieved an impressive accuracy of 99.1569%.The model’s interpretability is ensured through SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)and Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping(Grad-CAM++).They provide insights into critical decision-making regions for classification *** challenges in identifying tumors in images without visible signs,the model demonstrates remarkable performance in this critical medical application,offering a promising tool for accurate brain tumor diagnosis which paves the way for enhanced early detection and treatment of brain tumors.

关键词： Deep learning magnetic resonance imaging convolutional neural networks explainable AI boosting algorithm ablation

Towards efficient strain engineering of 2D materials:A four-points bending approach for compressive strain

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5317-5325页

作者： Hao Li félix Carrascoso Ana Borrás Gloria P.Moreno francisco J.Aparicio Ángel Barranco Andrés Castellanos Gómez Campus de Cantoblanco Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de MadridC.Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz328049 MadridSpain Nanotechnology on Surfaces and Plasma Lab Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla(CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla).C/Americo Vespucio 49E-41092 SevilleSpain Departamento de física Aplicada I Escuela Politécnica SuperiorUniversidad de Sevillac/Virgen deÁfrica 7E-41011 SevilleSpain

Strain engineering,as a powerful strategy to tune the optical and electrical properties of two-dimensional(2D)materials by deforming their crystal lattice,has attracted significant interest in recent years.2D materials can sustain ultra-high strains,even up to 10%,due to the lack of dangling bonds on their surface,making them ideal brittle *** remarkable mechanical resilience,together with a strong strain-tunable band structure,endows 2D materials with a broad optical and electrical response upon ***,strain engineering based on 2D materials is restricted by their nanoscale and strain quantification *** this study,we have modified a homebuilt three-points bending apparatus to transform it into a four-points bending apparatus that allows for the application of both compressive and tensile strains on 2D *** approach allows for the efficient and reproducible construction of a strain system and minimizes the buckling effect caused by the van der Waals interaction by adamantane encapsulation *** results demonstrate the feasibility of introducing compressive strain on 2D materials and the potential for tuning their optical and physical properties through this approach.

关键词： uniaxial compressive strain polymer encapsulation differential reflectance spectroscopy exciton tunability

An intrinsically self-healing and anti-freezing molecular chains induced polyacrylamide-based hydrogel electrolytes for zinc manganese dioxide batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 565-578,I0013页

作者： Haiyang Liao Wenzhao Zhong Chen Li Jieling Han Xiao Sun Xinhui Xia Ting Li Abolhassan Noori Mir f.Mousavi Xin Liu Yongqi Zhang Institute of fundamental and frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731SichuanChina School of Mechanical Engineering Hunan University of TechnologyZhuzhou 412007HunanChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014ZhejiangChina Department of Chemistry Faculty of Basic SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehran 14117-13116Iran State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies Wuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200HubeiChina

The anti-freezing strategy of hydrogels and their self-healing structure are often contradictory,it is vital to break through the molecular structure to design and construct hydrogels with intrinsic anti-freezing/self-healing for meeting the rapid development of flexible and wearable devices in diverse service ***,we design a new hydrogel electrolyte(Af/SH-Hydrogel)with intrinsic anti-freezing/self-healing capabilities by introducing ethylene glycol molecules,dynamic chemical bonding(disulfide bond),and supramolecular interaction(multi-hydrogen bond)into the polyacrylamide molecular *** to the exceptional freeze resistance(84%capacity retention at-20℃)and intrinsic self-healing capabilities(95%capacity retention after 5 cutting/self-healing cycles),the obtained Af/SH-Hydrogel makes the zinc||manganese dioxide cell an economically feasible battery for the state-of-the-art *** Zn||Af/SH-Hydrogel||MnO_(2)device offers a near-theoretical specific capacity of 285 m A h g^(-1)at 0.1 A g^(-1)(Coulombic efficiency≈100%),as well as good self-healing capability and mechanical flexibility in an ice *** work provides insight that can be utilized to develop multifunctional hydrogel electrolytes for application in next generation of self-healable and freeze-resistance smart aqueous energy storage devices.

关键词： flexible aqueous battery Hydrogel electrolyte Anti-freezing Self-healing Dual-dynamic reversible bond