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CGR3： A Golgi-Localized Protein Influencing Homogalacturonan Methylesterification

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Molecular Plant 2011年第5期4卷 832-844页

作者： Michael A. Held evan Be Starla Zemelis Saunia Withers Curtis Wilkerson Federica Brandizzi Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Present address： Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ohio University Athens OH 45701 USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecuiar Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA

Plant cell walls are complex structures that offer structural and mechanical support to plant cells and are ultimately responsible for plant architecture and form. Pectins are a large group of complex polysaccharides of the plant cell wall that are made in the Golgi and secreted to the wall. The methylesterification of pectins is believed to be an important factor for the dynamic properties of the cell wall. Here, we report on a protein of unknown function discovered using an extensive proteomics analysis of cotton Golgi. Through bioinformatic analyses, we identified the ortholog of such protein, here named cotton Golgi-related 3 （CGR3） in Arabidopsis and found that it shares conserved residues with S- adenosylmethionine methyltransferases. We established that CGR3 is localized at the Golgi apparatus and that the expression of the CGR3 gene is correlated with that of several cell wall biosynthetic genes, suggesting a possible role of the protein in pectin modifications. Consistent with this hypothesis, immunofluorescence microscopy with antibodies for homogalacturonan pectins （HG） indicated that the celt wails of cgr3 knockout mutants and plants overexpressing CGR3 are decreased and increased in HG methylesterification, respectively. Our results suggest that CGR3 plays a role in the methylesterification of homogalacturonan in Arabidopsis.

关键词： Golgi methyltransferase homogalacturonan pectin.

The effects of elevated ozone and CO_(2) on growth and defense of native,exotic and invader trees

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第2期11卷 266-272页

作者： Hong Wang Ling Zhang Xiaochi Ma Jianwen Zou evan Siemann College of Resource and Environment Anhui Science and Technology University168 Shungeng RoadChuzhou 233100China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNo.1 WeigangNanjing 210095China College of Forestry Jiangxi Agricultural University1225 Zhimin AvenueNanchang 330045China Department of Biosciences Rice University6100 Main StreetHoustonTX 77005USA

Aims Elevated ozone and CO_(2) can differentially affect the performance of plant *** among native,exotic and invader spe-cies in their growth and defense responses to CO_(2) and ozone may shape CO_(2) and ozone effects on invasions,perhaps in part also due to variation between native and invasive populations of *** We manipulated ozone(control or 100 ppb)and CO_(2)(ambient or 800 ppm)in a factorial greenhouse experiment in replicated *** investigated growth and defense(tannins)of seedlings of Triadica sebifera from invasive(USA)and native(China)populations and pairs of US and China tree species within three genera(Celtis,Liquidambar and Platanus).Important Findings Overall,ozone reduced growth in ambient CO_(2) but elevated CO_(2) limited this *** plants from invasive populations had higher growth than those from native populations in control con-ditions or the combination of elevated CO_(2) and ozone in which invasive populations had greater increases in *** perfor-mances were similar in elevated CO_(2) because native populations were more responsive and their performances were similar with elevated ozone because invasive populations were more *** to other species,*** had high growth rates but low levels of tannin production that were insensitive to vari-ation in CO_(2) or *** China and US Platanus plants reduced tannins with increased CO_(2) and/or ozone and US Liquidambar plants increased tannins with the combination of elevated CO_(2) and *** growth results suggest that intraspecific variation in *** will reduce the effects of CO_(2) or ozone alone on inva-sions but increase their combined *** tannin results suggest that defense responses to CO_(2) and ozone will be variable across native and exotic *** effects of CO_(2) and ozone on growth and defense of native and exotic species indicate that the benefit or harm to species from these global

关键词： global change intraspecific variation invasions tannins Triadica sebifera

Soil Respiration and Litter Decomposition Increased Following Perennial Forb Invasion into an Annual Grassland

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Pedosphere 2016年第4期26卷 567-576页

作者： ZHANG Ling MA Xiaochi WANG Hong LIU Shuwei evan SIEMANN ZOU Jianwen College of Forestry Jiangxi Agricultural University College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Rice University

Exotic plant invasions may alter ecosystem carbon processes, especially when native plants are displaced by plants of a different functional group. Forb invasions into grasslands are common, yet little is known about how they impact carbon cycling. We conducted a field study over 2 years from April 2010 to March 2012 in China to examine changes in soil respiration （Rsoil） following invasion of exotic perennial forb species （Alternanthera philoxeroides or Solidago canadensis） into an annual grassland dominated by a native annual graminoid （Eragrostis pilosa）. Measurements of Rsoil were taken once a week in stands of the native annual graminoid or one of the forb species using static chamber-gas chromatograph method. Aboveground litterfall of each of the three focal species was collected biweekly and litter decomposition rates were measured in a 6-month litterbag experiment. The monthly average and annual cumulative Rsoil increased following invasion by either forb species. The increases in cumulative Rsoil were smaller with invasion of Solidago （36%） than Alternanthera （65%）. Both invasive forbs were associated with higher litter quantity and quality （e.g., C：N ratio） than the native annum graminoid. Compared to the native annual graminoid, the invasive forbs Altevnanthera （155%） and Solidago （361%） produced larger amounts of more rapidly decomposing litter, with the litter decay constant k being 3.8, 2.0 and 1.0 for Alternanthera, Solidago and Eragrostis, respectively. Functional groups of the invasive plants and the native plants they replaced appear to be useful predictors of directions of changes in Rsoil, but the magnitude of changes in Rsoil seems to be sensitive to variations in invader functional traits.

关键词： carbon cycling exotic plant functional group functional traits invasive plants litterfall native plants

UV-B has larger negative impacts on invasive populations of Triadica sebifera but ozone impacts do not vary

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第1期9卷 61-68页

作者： Hong Wang Xiaochi Ma Ling Zhang evan Siemann Jianwen Zou College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Department of Biosciences Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA College of Forestry Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China

Aims Abiotic stresses may interact with each other to determine impacts on plants so that their combined impact is less than or more than *** UV-B radiation and surface ozone(O3)are two major components of global change that may have such interactive ***,invasive and native populations of plants may respond differently to stresses as they can vary in primary and secondary *** Here,we conducted a factorial field experiment with open-top chambers assigned to an ozone treatment(ambient,100 ppb,or 150 ppb)and UV-B treatment(ambient or increased 20%).We grew seedlings of native and invasive populations of Triadica sebifera in these chambers for one growing *** Findings Invasive plants grew faster than native plants in ambient UV-B but they did not differ significantly in elevated *** production of invasive plants was especially sensitive to UV-B in a way that increased with UV-B for native plants but decreased for invasive plants which may be important for nutrient *** ambient UV-B,total mass decreased as ozone *** mass was lower with elevated UV-B but there was no additional impact of increasing *** area did not decrease with UV-B so SLA and LAR were lowest at ambient ozone *** results suggest that the effects of ozone will depend on UV-B conditions perhaps due to changes in foliar *** traits that allow invasive populations of plants to be successful invaders may make them especially sensitive to UV-B which may reduce their success in future climatic conditions.

关键词： invasive UV-B O3 cross-tolerance litter

Impact of elevated CO2 and increased temperature on Japanese beetle herbivory

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Insect Science 2013年第4期20卷 513-523页

作者： Olivia K. Niziolek May R. Berenbaum evan H. DeLucia Department of Plant Biology Institute of Genomic Biology Department of Entomology University of Illinois Urbana Illinois 61801USA

To examine how the major elements of global change affect herbivory in agroecosystems, a multifactorial experiment was conducted where soybeans were grown at two levels of carbon dioxide and temperature, including those predicted for 2050, under otherwise normal field conditions. Japanese beetles （Popillia japonica Newman） were enclosed on foliage for 24 h, after which the beetle survivorship, total and per capita leaf consumption, and leaf protease inhibitor activity were measured. The direct effect of temperature on beetle consumption and survivorship also was measured under controlled environmental conditions. No differences in total foliage consumption were observed; however, beetles forced to feed at elevated temperature in the field demonstrated greater per capita consmnption and reduced survivorship compared to beetles feeding at ambient temperature. Survivorship was also greater for beetles that consumed foliage grown under elevated CO2, but there were no interactive effects of CO2 and temperature, and no differences in leaf chemistry were resolved. Leaf consumption by beetles increased strongly with increasing temperature up to -37℃, above which increased mortality caused a precipitous decrease in consumption. An empirical model based on the temperature dependence of leaf consumption and flight suggests that the 3.5℃ increase in temperature predicted for 2050 will increase the optimal feeding window for the Japanese beetle by 290%. Elevated temperature and CO2 operating independently have the potential to greatly increase foliage damage to soybean by chewing insects, such as Popilliajaponica, potentially affecting crop yields.

关键词： carbon dioxide FACE (free-air concentration enrichment) Glycine max,herbivory Japanese beetles Popilliajaponica temperature dependence

Efficacy of boswellic acid on lysosomal acid hydrolases,lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidant status in gouty arthritic mice

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第2期2卷 128-133页

作者： evan Prince Sabina Haridas Indu Mahaboobkhan Rasool School of Bio Sciences and Technology VIT University Vellore-632 014

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of boswellic acid against monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in ***:The mice were divided into four experimental ***Ⅰserved as control;mice in groupⅡwere injected with monosodium urate crystal;groupⅢconsisted of monosodium urate crystal-induced mice who were treated with boswellic acid(30mg/kg/b.w.);groupⅣcomprised monosodium urate crystal-induced mice who were treated with indomethacin(3mg/kg/b.w.).Paw volume and levels/activities of lysosomal enzymes,lipid peroxidation,anti-oxidant status and inflammatory mediator TNF-αwere determined in control and monosodium urate crystal-induced *** addition,the levels ofβ-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase were also measured in monosodium urate crystal-incubated polymorphonuclear leucocytes(PMNL)in ***:The activities of lysosomal enzymes,lipid peroxidation,and tumour necrosis factor-αlevels and paw volume were increased significantly in monosodium urate crystal-induced mice,whereas the activities of antioxidant status were in turn ***,these changes were modulated to near normal levels upon boswellic acid *** vitro,boswellic acid reduced the level ofβ-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase in monosodium urate crystal-incubated PMNL in concentration dependent manner when compared with control ***:The results obtained in this study further strengthen the anti-inflammatory/antiarthritic effect of boswellic acid,which was already well established by several investigators.

关键词： Boswellic acid Gouty arthritis Indomethacin Lysosomal enzymes Polymorphonuclear leucocytes Monosodium urate Lipid peroxidation Antioxidant status Anti-inflammatory effect Antiarthritic effect Inflammation

Pelvic autonomic nerve preservation in radical rectal cancer surgery:changes in the past 3 decades

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Gastroenterology Report 2016年第3期4卷 173-185,I0001页

作者： Min-Hoe Chew Yu-Ting Yeh evan Lim Francis Seow-Choen Department of Colorectal Surgery Singapore General HospitalSingapore Singhealth Academy Singapore General HospitalSingapore Seow-Choen Colorectal Centre Singapore

The advent of total mesorectal excision(TME)together with minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopic colorectal surgery and robotic surgery has improved surgical ***,the incidence of bladder and sexual dysfunction remains *** may be particularly distressing for the patient and troublesome to manage for the surgeon when it does *** increased use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant radiotherapy is also associated with poorer functional *** this review,we evaluate current understanding of the anatomy of pelvic nerves which are divided into the areas of the inferior mesenteric artery pedicle,the lateral pelvic wall and dissection around the urogenital *** techniques in these areas are *** also discuss the results in functional outcomes of the various techniques including open,laparoscopic and robotic over the last 30 years.

关键词： total mesorectal excision pelvic autonomic nerve preservation urinary dysfunction sexual dysfunction

(Re)assessing Climate-Smart Agriculture practices for sustainable food systems outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa:The case of Bono East Region,Ghana

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Geography and Sustainability 2023年第2期4卷 112-126页

作者： Philip Tetteh Quarshie Seidu Abdulai evan D.G.Fraser Deparment of Geography Environment and Geomatics&Guelph Institute of Development StudiesCollege of Social and Applied Human ScienceUniversity of Guelph50 Stone Rd EGuelphON N1H 2W1 Canada Global Agri-Business Solutions INC.54-480 Grey Street BrantfordON N3S 7S5 Canada Deparment of Food Agricultural and Resource Economics Ontario Agriculture CollegeUniversity of Guelph50 Stone Rd EGuelphON N1G 2W1 Canada Department of Geography Environment and Geomatics&Arrell Food InstituteUniversity of Guelph50 Stone Rd EGuelphON N1H 2W1 Canada

This research paper assesses the reality of Climate-Smart Agriculture(CSA)practices’potential to promote the outcomes of sustainable food systems(SFS)within Ghana’s smallholding agriculture *** study demon-strates that rural farmers generally perceive CSA’s contribution to‘food and nutrition security’and‘economic performance’as more important than CSA’s contribution to‘social equity’and‘environmental stewardship’.From a narrow perspective,the study demonstrates that farmers perceive CSA’s potential to‘prevent pest and disease outbreaks’and‘increase human capital information’as the most important contribution of CSA to SFS *** contrast,CSA’s potential to promote environmental stewardship is perceived as the least important among Ghana’s rural *** enormity of displacement of smallholders’perceptions at large is motivated by de-mographic,socioeconomic and ecological ***,the CSA for SFS outcomes narratives is driven by farmers’self-apprise,social networks and other local information dissemination ***,research findings suggest farmers’awareness of CSA practices and interventions is deficient owing to unmet training and information needs for approximately 82%of the CSA practices and *** situation elucidates the dichotomy of CSA practices’narratives as tools for attaining food,nutrition security and economic performance to the detriment of critical issues such as increasing awareness and building farmers’capacity to engage with CSA practices while also managing socio-ecological trade-offs that emerge over time due to engagement with ***(re)orientation is needed across the scale to drive CSA practices and interventions that confine cli-mate adaptation and food production practices within safe planetary boundaries without undermining social,economic,food and nutrition security needs.

关键词： Climate adaptation Climate-Smart Agriculture Ghana Smallholder farmers Sustainable food systems Sub-Saharan Africa

Tallow tree allocates contrasting secondary chemicals in response to varying environments along elevational gradients

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第3期13卷 295-303页

作者： Li Xiao Jialiang Zhang Wei Huang Juli Carrillo evan Siemann Jianqing Ding CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanHubei 430074China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Core Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanHubei 430074China Faculty of Land and Food Systems Centre for Sustainable Food SystemsBiodiversity Research CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada Biosciences Department Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan 475004China

Aims Understanding how tree species regulate multiple types of secondary chemicals along elevational gradients is critical for elucidating the physiological and ecological strategies of plants in response to varying biotic and/or abiotic *** study aims to examine how Chinese tallow tree(Triadica sebifera)allocates resources to the production of different secondary chemicals in response to varying environments across elevational *** We conducted field surveys of different herbivore feeding guilds and their damage rates on Chinese tallow trees along an elevational gradient in China and measured secondary chemicals(tannins and flavonoids)in damaged and undamaged *** Findings The odds of a leaf being damaged(chewing or scarring)decreased with *** concentrations increased with elevation in undamaged leaves but decreased with elevation in damaged leaves,with quercitrin contributing most strongly to this pattern,likely as results of plant responding to changing biotic or abiotic stresses along elevational *** concentrations did not vary with elevation,so undamaged leaves had relatively lower tannin to flavonoid ratios at high elevation than at low *** study reveals variation in herbivory and contrasting trends in plant secondary metabolism along an elevation gradient and highlights the importance of simultaneously considering multiple types of secondary chemicals in plant physiological and ecological strategies.

关键词： herbivory climate elevation defence strategies secondary metabolites Chinese tallow tree