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从进化视角看亲代投资理论在马拉维的比较研究——特里弗斯假说VS本土资源假说

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从进化视角看亲代投资理论在马拉维的比较研究——特里弗斯假说VS...

作者： eunice Kaipsya 华中师范大学

学位级别：硕士

许多进化理论探究了父母在子女投资上的差异。这些理论在不同的种族中也不相同。这项研究旨在通过测试特里弗斯-威拉德假说和本土资源假说这两个相关的亲代投资理论中找出最适合马拉维的进化理论。这些预测是关于性别比例和亲代投资。... 详细信息

许多进化理论探究了父母在子女投资上的差异。这些理论在不同的种族中也不相同。这项研究旨在通过测试特里弗斯-威拉德假说和本土资源假说这两个相关的亲代投资理论中找出最适合马拉维的进化理论。这些预测是关于性别比例和亲代投资。这项研究既应用了定量数据,也应用了定性数据。定量数据是从870户主收集的样本。定性数据从870户家庭中的被有目的地挑选的10个关键访谈对象。所有的数据都不支持特里弗斯假说的两个预测。后代的性别比例与父母的社会地位没有显著的相关性,F(9.2102)=1.37,P=0.20,wilks’Λ=0.99,ηp2=0.005。另一方面,父母在儿女教育投资显著不同,F(9,1090)=3.615,P=0.0001,wilks’Λ=0.93,ηp2=0.024,但是这种父母在子女的教育上的差别并不是像特里弗斯假说那样。然而,这些数据都支持LRH的两个假说。亲代被发现会生育更多的生产成本更低的性别后代,t869=3.050,p=0.002,95% CI,r=0.1基于对性别资源需求的评估,儿子被假定为低成本的性别的后代。同样,亲代被发现更多地投资于低成本的儿子的教育而不是投资于女儿的教育,t472=8.03,p=0.0001,95% CI,r=0.47。基于这些发现,特里弗斯假说不能适当地解释马拉维国家尤其是Ngoni Ntcheu地区的进化取向的亲代投资,而LRH却更适合解释该地区的进化取向的亲代投资。这表明不同地区对特定性别的选择受到文化的影响。在马拉维进行田野调查的地区,其社会群体中的亲代之所以更加偏向于生育儿子似乎是通过生育儿子能够减少亲代对后代的资源投资的文化所影响,这样他们对后代的资源投资会更少。因此社会政策制定者需要采取适当的措施来解决性别偏见,以避免相关的文化持续对生育行为造成影响,已致社会下层阶级的女性无法接受到适当的教育,不利于国家的社会经济发展。

关键词：特里弗斯-威拉德假说本土资源假说性别比亲代投资自然选择后代

On the reliability of predictions on Covid-19 dynamics: A systematic and critical review of modelling techniques

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 258-272页

作者： Janyce eunice Gnanvi KolawoléValère Salako Gaëtan Brezesky Kotanmi Romain GlèlèKakaïPhD Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières Universitéd’Abomey-Calavi04 BP 1525CotonouBenin

Since the emergence of the novel 2019 coronavirus pandemic in December 2019(COVID-19),numerous modellers have used diverse techniques to assess the dynamics of transmission of the disease,predict its future course and determine the impact of different control *** this study,we conducted a global systematic literature review to summarize trends in the modelling techniques used for Covid-19 from January 1st,2020 to November 30th,*** further examined the accuracy and precision of predictions by comparing predicted and observed values for cumulative cases and deaths as well as uncertainties of these *** an initial 4311 peer-reviewed articles and preprints found with our defined keywords,242 were fully *** studies were done on Asian(78.93%)and European(59.09%)*** of them used compartmental models(namely SIR and SEIR)(46.1%)and statistical models(growth models and time series)(31.8%)while few used artificial intelligence(6.7%),Bayesian approach(4.7%),Network models(2.3%)and Agent-based models(1.3%).For the number of cumulative cases,the ratio of the predicted over the observed values and the ratio of the amplitude of confidence interval(CI)or credibility interval(CrI)of predictions and the central value were on average larger than 1 indicating cases of inaccurate and imprecise predictions,and large variation across *** was no clear difference among models used for these two *** 75%of predictions that provided CI or CrI,observed values fall within the 95%CI or CrI of the cumulative cases *** 3.7%of the studies predicted the cumulative number of *** 70%of the predictions,the ratio of predicted over observed cumulative deaths was less or close to ***,the Bayesian model made predictions closer to reality than classical statistical models,although these differences are only suggestive due to the small number of predictions within our dataset(9 in total).In addition,we found a significant neg

关键词： Predictions Accuracy Precision SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Ratio

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中非关系对美国外交政策的影响

中非关系对美国外交政策的影响

作者： wanyonyi,eunice Makhanu 浙江大学

学位级别：硕士

China's "developmental state" model has become a substitute to the western's market democracy ***,China has funded industrialization and infrastructure that the west has not funded since the colonization *** developments are likely to transform Africa,which has been a difficult dream to attain since *** China's increasing presence,the United States needs to create a comeback in a bid to reduce the possibility of conflict and safeguard its interest since China has become a tactical competitor in ***,globalization plays a notable part in world order,and China poses a challenge to the United States as a key international *** findings of this study show that the China-Africa relations challenge the political,economic,and security sectors of the United *** study's recommendations are that the United States ought to retrace its duty internationally,assess the opportunities for improvement,and control those areas where it can safeguard its principles,and work on promoting its interests to be advantageous rather than detrimental to other nations,especially *** a competitive strategy,the United States should defend its international interests to maintain its present global ***,it should work on creating a positive association and image with other ***,the ongoing China-African relationship will inspire the United States to restructure its goals and *** competition may cause the United States to adopt new strategies that make it interact with other countries in a more considerate and mindful *** most African countries have begun losing confidence in the approach used by the United States,China uses different tactics,and perpetually reviews them to realize what works best while interacting with African countries.

关键词： Africa 硕士学位论文美国外交政策 political 中非关系 engagement institutions infrastructure mutual officials

Cord Care Practices and Omphalitis among Neonates Aged 3 - 28 Days at Pumwani Maternity Hospital, Kenya

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2016年第1期4卷 27-36页

作者： Lucy Kinanu eunice Odhiambo James Mwaura Michael Habtu School of Nursing Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

Background: Omphalitis (umbilical cord infection) among new-borns is common and a major cause of neonatal deaths in developing countries. Annually about 4 million neonatal deaths occur around the world;of these, more than 30% are caused by infections. Majority of these infections start as umbilical cord infection. Objective: The aim of the present study was to establish cord care practices associated with omphalitis among neonates aged 3-28 days at Pumwani Maternity Hospital, Kenya. Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive study was employed among 178 mothers with neonates of 3-28 days. Participants were selected systematically and data was collected on new-born cord care practices. Omphalitis was defined as pus discharge, redness with or without pus and swelling of umbilical cord. Pearson’s chi-square test (P was performed to compare the significant discrepancies. Crude and adjusted odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence interval were also used to determine the strength of association between omphalitis and cord care practices. Results: Among 178 neonates, 67 (37.6%) were diagnosed with omphalitis. In logistic regression analysis, the main predictors of omphalitis were initiation of breastfeeding after one hour of delivery [AOR = 2.47;95%CI = 1.15 - 5.30;P within one hour and application of saliva to the cord [AOR = 6.59;95%CI = 2.02 - 21.46;P was high. Health workers need to participate in educating the mothers to initiate breastfeeding within one hour and to avoid application of harmful cord care practices.

关键词： Cord Care Neonates Omphalitis Practices

Using Annuli on the Opercula Bones and Scales of African Pike （Hepsetus odoe） for Age Determination in Ado Ekiti Reservoir, Nigeria

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Journal of Life Sciences 2010年第7期4卷 33-38页

作者： eunice Opeyemi Idowu Adiaha Alda Alex Ugwumba Department of Zoology University of Ado Ekiti Ekiti State 0234 Nigeria Department of Zoology University of lbadan Ibadan Oyo State 0234 Nigeria

Age of African pike Hepsetus odoe from Ado Ekiti Reservoir Ekiti State, Nigeria was studied. Annuli on the opercula bones and scales were used to determine the age. The standard length of specimens examined varied between 12.50 and 29.80 cm and body weight 10-385 g. Annuli （growth rings） observed on the opercula bones of specimens with mean standard lengths 21.70 ± 1.4 cm had one real annulus, 24.80 ± 1.1 cm had two real annuli, 27.4 ± 0.9 cm had three real annuli indicating age one, two, and three （1 ＋, 2＋, 3＋） respectively. Growth rings observed on scales appeared as interruptions in the normal pattems of scales. Specimens with mean standard lengths of 21.3 ± 1.5 cm, 24.7 ± 0.8 cm and 27.35 ± 11 cm were interpreted to be ages 1＋, 2＋, and 3＋ respectively. The maximum age of samples, derived from annuli on both opercula bones and scales was 3 years. Specimens below 18 cm standard length did not register any growth mark. The mean lengths at the estimated ages obtained using both opercula bones and scales were not significantly different （P 〉 0.05, P 〉 0.01）.

关键词： Annuli opercula bones scales Hepsetus odoe.

海口市江东新区河流及东寨港水质、重金属和浮游物群落评价

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海口市江东新区河流及东寨港水质、重金属和浮游物群落评价

作者： MUKUNA eunice MUTETHYA 海南大学

学位级别：硕士

东寨港及潭览河、迈雅河、道孟河、芙蓉河、演丰西河、演丰东河、罗雅河、演州河等河流在海南省作为水产养殖、灌溉和畜牧养殖的水源发挥着重要作用。然而,它们面临着人为和自然来源的污染。目前,关于这些水域水质、浮游植物状况的数据... 详细信息

东寨港及潭览河、迈雅河、道孟河、芙蓉河、演丰西河、演丰东河、罗雅河、演州河等河流在海南省作为水产养殖、灌溉和畜牧养殖的水源发挥着重要作用。然而,它们面临着人为和自然来源的污染。目前,关于这些水域水质、浮游植物状况的数据有限。为了弥补数据缺失,更好的保护东寨港及八脉的水环境,本研究调查了水质、重金属污染物含量和浮游植物。这将有助于生态环境的管理和保护。为了进行这项研究,我们使用标准方法在实验室中对2021年3月至4月在34个采样点收集的水和浮游植物样本进行了分析。主要监测了水质、重金属污染物和浮游植物相关指标,在研究其水质情况、污染风险及浮游植物组成的同时,也进一步分析了环境因子(包括污染物)对浮游植物群落组成的影响。具体结果如下:1.理化水质参数分析表明,江东新区的河流水体中的COD(27.3 mg/L)、Chl-a(17.2μg/L)、TN(0.32 mg/L)、BOD(9.5 mg/L)、TP(0.28 mg/L)和NH3-N(0.11mg/L)显著高于东寨港水体,河流下游的含量低于上游。表明江东新区河流上游的污染较严重。相比之下,东寨港表现出显著(p<0.05)的高盐度(30.7 ppt)。此外,聚类分析、主成分分析和皮尔逊相关性将COD、BOD、TN、NH3-N、Chl-a和TP分组,表明它们有共同的污染源。2.重金属分析表明,东寨港水体中Cr(0.88μg/L)、Fe(145.7μg/L)、Ni(8.27μg/L)、Se(65.7μg/L)、Zn(8.31μg/L)、Cu(2.13μg/L)、Cd(0.03μg/L)和(0.90μg/L)含量显著(p<0.05)高于河流,而江东新区河流水体中Mn(37.6μg/L)和Ba(25.5μg/L)含量较高。Fe和Se是本研究区域水体中含量最丰富的元素。多变量分析显示Cr、Ni、Se、Pb、Cu、Zn、Fe和Cd具有共同来源;而Mn、As和Ba则被聚在一起。3.本次调查浮游植物共鉴定出6门215种,包括绿藻门、硅藻门、裸藻门、蓝藻门、甲藻门和隐藻门,江东新区河流中浮游植物种类较东寨港多。研究中发现的耐盐种如菱形藻(Nitzschia sp.)、小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)、新月拟菱形藻(Nitzschiella closterium),等为东寨港的优势种,而耐营养性物种如舟形藻(Navicula sp.)、小球藻属(Chlorella sp.)、颤藻(Oscillatoria sp.)、隐藻(Cryptomonas sp.),等为江东新区河流中的优势种。东寨港浮游植物平均密度(60 Ind/L)低于河流水体(73-10050 Ind/L)。研究水域的平均浮游植物多样性指数在1.4至3.0之间。通过RDA分析,发现TP、TN、NH-N、p H、盐度、DO和温度对浮游植物群落有影响。总而言之,这项研究提供了有关江东新区河流及内湾水质、重金属污染和浮游植物群落的水环境调查的基础数据和分析评价。调查结果表明江东河流上游水体存在严重的营养物和有机物污染,需要引起管理者的关注。此外,东寨港水体若干种重金属含量超标,因此控制重金属污染对生态系统的健康至关重要。此外,健康风险评估表明Fe和Se会带来潜在的有害健康风险,因此应针对公共卫生问题进行监测。本调查的研究结果可为江东新区水域水环境的管理和保护提供理论和数据支持。

关键词：江东新区东寨港水质重金属浮游植物

Characterization of Thermo-Physical Properties of Cement-Based Blocks of Varied Sand Types Using Cost-Effective Enhancement Approach

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Open Journal of Energy Efficiency 2020年第1期9卷 14-30页

作者： eunice Akyereko Adjei Samuel Amos-Abanyie Siddig Omer Department of Mech. Eng. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Architecture Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Architecture and Built Environment University of Nottingham Nottingham UK

The dominant property of building envelope fabric which contributes significantly to minimize electricity utilization in building is the thermo-physical properties. There is inadequate literature on representative practical data of thermo-physical properties of the dominant building envelope components in Ghana. This study aims to use cost-effective approach to characterize the thermo-physical properties of only cement-based mortar and concrete blocks used in Ghana for building components specifically wall design. Mixed methods research design was employed to achieving the aim. A questionnaire survey was used among sampled building fabric components manufacturers to pick representative data on thermos-physical properties of their mortar and concrete blocks. Also, an experimental procedure employing a transient technique with a TCi Thermal Analyser was used to determine the thermo-physical properties of selected mortar and concrete blocks from Ghana in addition to designed parametric mortar and concrete blocks with varied ratios obtained from the survey were undertaken at University of Nottingham. From the study, a trend of decreasing thermal conductivity and thermal effusivity with corresponding decreasing sand content was observed with all the different sand types. The thermal conductivities of both mortar and concrete parametric blocks meet the range of expected standard values outlined in Chattered Institute of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) Guide A. The major limitation of the work is the dimension of the sample size;which is not inconsistent with standard block size due to the experimental setup used. It is expected that, the characterization of the predominant cement-based building fabrics components will contribute to improved building performance analysis with significant savings in electricity utilization for space cooling.

关键词： Building Envelop Thermal Conductivity Thermal Effusivity TCi Thermal Analyser Cement-Based Fabric Cost-Effective Enhancement Approach Ghana

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关于加纳为避免荷兰病所采取的石油政策研究

关于加纳为避免荷兰病所采取的石油政策研究

作者： Akpabli eunice Elorm 江西财经大学

学位级别：硕士

这项研究验证了石油的发现会导致荷兰疾病综合症发生的速度到底有多快,以及制定的政策是否有助于国家避免发生荷兰病。为了避免这种情况的发生,该研究揭示并提出了强有力的制度政策框架并严格的付诸执行。没有强有力的政策制度,将导致... 详细信息

这项研究验证了石油的发现会导致荷兰疾病综合症发生的速度到底有多快,以及制定的政策是否有助于国家避免发生荷兰病。为了避免这种情况的发生,该研究揭示并提出了强有力的制度政策框架并严格的付诸执行。没有强有力的政策制度,将导致行业表现不佳,忽视其他可能出现资源枯竭症状的行业。加纳的石油勘探并没有完全将经济带入荷兰病,但存在早期症状的表现,例如:农业部门导致国内生产总值的下降,其他可交易商品逆差扩大,以及制度政策薄弱。本文将通过从其他资源丰富的国家借用经验来避免加纳发生荷兰病,这些国家通过执行严格的政策,避免本国发生荷兰病。

关键词：荷兰病加纳石油政策制度质量

Effect of tibolone pretreatment on kinases and phosphatases that regulate the expression and phosphorylation of Tau in the hippocampus of rats exposed to ozone

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第3期13卷 440-448页

作者： Rodolfo Pinto-Almazán Julia J. Segura-Uribe Marvin A. Soriano-Ursúa eunice D. Farfán-García Juan M. Gallardo Christian Guerra-Araiza Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad Ixtapaluca Carretera Federal México-Puebla km 34.5 C.P. 56530. Ixtapaluca State of Mexico Mexico Institute for the Developing Mind Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA Department of Pediatrics Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Av. Cuauhtémoc 330 Col. Doctores. C. P. 06720. Mexico City Mexico Escuela Superior de Medicina Instituto Politécnico Nacional Plan de San Luis y Diaz Mirón Col. Casco de Santo Tomis. C. P. 11340. Mexico City Mexico Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Nefrológicas Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Av. Cuauhtémoc 330 Col. Doctores. C. P. 06720. Mexico City Mexico Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacologia Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Av. Cuauhtémoc 330 Col. Doctores. C. P. 06720. Mexico City Mexico

Oxidative stress （OS） is a key process in the development of many neurodegenerative diseases, memory disorders, and other pathological processes related to aging. Tibolone （TIB）, a synthetic hormone used as a treatment for menopausal ymptoms, decreases lipoperoxidation levels, prevents memory impairment and learning disability caused by ozone （O3） exposure. However, it is not clear if TIB could prevent the increase in phosphorylation induced by oxidative stress of the microtubule-associated protein Tau. In this study, the effects of TIB at different times of administration on the phosphorylation of Tau, the activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β （GSK3β）, and the inactivation of Akt and phosphatases PP2A and PTEN induced by O3 exposure were assessed in adult male wistar rats. Rats were divided into 10 groups： control group （ozone-free air plus vehicle [C]）, control ＋ TIB group （ozone-free air plus TIB 1 mg/kg [C ＋ TIB]）; 7,15, 30, and 60 days of ozone exposure groups [O3] and 7, 15, 30, and 60 days of TIB 1 mg/kg before ozone exposure groups [O3 ＋ TIB]. The effects of O3 exposure and TIB administration were assessed by western blot analysis of total and phosphorylated Tau, GSK3β, Akt, PP2A, and PTEN proteins and oxidative stress marker nitrotyrosine, and superoxide dismutase activity and lipid peroxidation of malondialdehyde by two different spectrophotometric methods （Marklund and TBARS, respectively）. we observed that O3 exposure increases Tau phosphorylation, which is correlated with decreased PP2A and PTEN protein levels, diminished Akt protein levels, and increased GSK3β protein levels in the hippocampus of adult male rats. The effects of O3 exposure were prevented by the long-term treatment （over 15 days） with TIB. Malondialdehyde and nitrotyrosine levels increased from 15 to 60 days of exposure to O3 in comparison to C group, and superoxide dismutase activity decreased. Furthermore, TIB administration limited the changes induced by O3 exposure. Our results

关键词： tibolone oxidative stress ozone exposure Tau GSK3 hippocampus neuroprotection