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Comparison of two remote sensing models for estimating evapotranspiration: algorith. evaluation and application in seasonally arid ecosystems in South.Africa

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第4期11卷 495-512页

作者： Sebinasi DZIKITI Nebo Z JOVANOVIC Rich.rd Dh.BUGAN Abel RAMOELO Nobuh.e P MAJOZI Alecia NICKLESS Moses A cho David C LE MAITRE Zanele NTSh.DI h.rrison h.PIENAAR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Natural Resources and Environment

Remote sensing tools are becoming increasingly important for providing spatial information on water use by different ecosystems. Despite significant advances in remote sensing based evapotranspiration(ET) models in recent years, important information gaps still exist on th. accuracy of th. models particularly in arid and semi-arid environments. In th.s study, we evaluated th. Penman-Monteith.based MOD16 and th. modified Priestley-Taylor(PT-JPL) models at th. daily time step against th.ee measured ET datasets. We used data from two summer and one winter rainfall sites in South.Africa. One site was dominated by native broad leaf and th. oth.r by fine leafed deciduous savanna tree species and C4 grasses. Th. th.rd site was in th. winter rainfall Cape region and h.d sh.ubby fynbos vegetation. Actual ET was measured using open-path.eddy covariance systems at th. summer rainfall sites wh.le a surface energy balance system utilizing th. large aperture boundary layer scintillometer was used in th. Cape. Model performance varied between sites and between years with.th. worst estimates(R20.80 mm/d) observed during years with.prolonged mid-summer dry spells in th. summer rainfall areas. Sensitivity tests on MOD16 sh.wed th.t th. leaf area index, surface conductance and radiation budget parameters h.d th. largest effect on simulated ET. MOD16 ET predictions were improved by:(1) reformulating th. emissivity expressions in th. net radiation equation;(2) incorporating representative surface conductance values;and(3) including a soil moisture stress function in th. transpiration sub-model. Implementing th.se ch.nges increased th. accuracy of MOD16 daily ET predictions at all sites. h.wever, similar adjustments to th. PT-JPL model yielded minimal improvements. We conclude th.t th. MOD16 ET model h.s th. potential to accurately predict water use in arid environments provided soil water stress and accurate biome-specific parameters are incorporated.

关键词： MOD16 ET drough. stress model validation Penman-Monteith Priestley-Taylor sensitivity analysis

Effect of spatial h.le burning on a dual-wavelength.mode-locked laser based on compactly combined dual gain media

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Ph.tonics Research 2014年第6期2卷 161-167页

作者： Y.J.h.ang Y.S.Tzeng h.h.cho Y.F.Ch.n Department of Electroph.sics National Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010Taiwan Department of Electronics Engineering National Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010Taiwan

Th. effect of spatial h.le burning(Sh.)on dual-wavelength.self-mode-locked lasers based on ph.sically combined Nd:YVO_(4)∕Nd:LuVO_(4)and Nd:YVO_(4)∕Nd:KGW composite active medium is comparatively *** length.of th. first Nd:YVO_(4)crystal is optimized to realize a h.gh.y compact and efficient TEM00-mode picosecond laser at 1.06μm with.optical conversion efficiency greater th.n 20%.Wh.n th. Sh. effect is enh.nced by decreasing th. separation between th. input end mirror and th. composite gain medium,it is experimentally found th.t not only th. pulse duration monotonically decreases,but also th. temporal beh.vior gradually displays a narrow-peak-on-a-pedestal sh.pe for th. Nd:YVO_(4)∕Nd:LuVO_(4)sch.me,wh.le th. multipulse operation can be obtained for th. Nd:YVO_(4)∕Nd:KGW *** ph.nomena are furth.r explored by numerically simulating mode-locked pulses from th. experimentally measured optical spectra.

关键词： laser mode dual

MOLECULAR DESIGN OF LIGh. EMITTING POLYMERS

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Ch.nese Journal of Polymer Science 2000年第3期18卷 227-237页

作者： J.W.Yu J.K.Kim J.Mh.ng Y.C.Kim h.N.cho D.Y.Kim C.Y.Kim Polymer Materials Laboratory Korea Institute of Science and TechnologyP.O.Box 131CheongryangSeoul 130-650.Korea

Fluorene-based alternating and statistical copolymers were synth.sized by employing reaction meth.ds of Wittig,h.ck and *** copolymers were classified into th.ee groups with.th. ph.toluminescence(PL)emission maxima at420,475 and 500 nm,*** copolymers with.two ch.omoph.res h.ving PL emission maxima at 420 and475 nm emitted ligh. with.th. emission maximum at 475 nm on ph.toexcitation at 365 nm and improved th. quantumefficiency by th. energy ***,th. intramolecular energy transfer was inefficient compared to th. intermolecularenergy transfer wh.n th. two ch.omoph.res were apart from each.oth.r in th. range of th. Forster critical ***-pyridinedivinylene alternating copolymer was synth.sized by th. Wittig reaction and found to h.ve ph.sical,electronic andelectroch.mical properties of th. individual units *** double-layered ligh. emitting diode(LED)with.th. statisticalcopolymer as an emitting layer and th. pyridine-containing copolymer as an electron transporting-h.le blocking layer,wh.ch.ere sandwich.d between ITO and Al,displayed a quantum efficiency of 0.1%.

关键词： Ligh. emitting polymers

Ch.racterization of Formacell Lignin Derived from Black Liquor as a Potential Green Additive for Advanced Biocomposites

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第6期11卷 2865-2879页

作者： Sri h.dayati eugenia Fonny Budiyanto h.di Saputra Sutopo h.di Apri h.ri Iswanto Nissa Nurfajrin Solih.t Petar Antov Lee Seng h.a Widya Fatriasari Moh.Sapuan Salit Agricultural Product Tech.ology Department Faculty of AgricultureThe University of LampungJl.Sumantri Brojonegoro No.1Bandar LampungIndonesia Department of Forest Product Faculty of ForestryUniversitas Sumatera UtaraKampus USU Padang BulanNorth SumatraIndonesia JATI-Sumatran Forestry Analysis Study Center Jl.Tridharma Ujung No.1Kampus USUMedanNorth SumatraIndonesia Research.Center for Biomass and Bioproducts National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Jl.Raya BogorCibinongIndonesia Faculty of Forest Industry University of ForestrySofiaBulgaria Department of Wood Industry Faculty of Applied SciencesUniversiti Teknologi MARA(UiTM)Cawangan Pahang Kampus JengkaLintasan SemarakBandar JengkaMalaysia Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products Universiti Putra MalaysiaSelangorMalaysia Research.Collaboration Center for Marine Biomaterials Jl.Ir.SukarnoJatinangorSumedangWest JavaIndonesia Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research.Centre Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSelangorMalaysia

Black liquor is obtained as a by-product of th. pulping process,wh.ch.is used to convert biomass into pulp by removing lignin,h.micelluloses and oth.r extractives from wood to free cellulose *** represents a major constituent in black liquor,with.quantities varying from 20%to 30%,of wh.ch.a very low sh.re is used for manufacturing value-added products,wh.le th. rest is mainly burned for energy purposes,th.s underestimating its great potential as a raw ***,it is essential to establish.new isolation and extraction meth.ds to increase lignin valorization in th. development of bio-based *** aim of th.s research.work was to determine th. effect of KOh.or eth.nol concentration as an isolation agent on lignin yields and th. ch.mical ch.racteristics of lignin isolated from formacell black liquor of oil palm empty fruit bunch.OPEFB).Isolation of lignin was carried out using KOh.with.various concentrations ranging from 5%to 15%(w/v).Eth.nol was also used to precipitate lignin from black liquor at concentrations varying from 5%to 30%(v/v).Th. results obtained sh.wed th.t th. addition of KOh.solution at 12.5%and 15%concentrations resulted in better lignin yield and ch.mical properties of lignin,i.e.,ph.values of 3.86 and 4.27,lignin yield of 12.78%and 14.95%,meth.xyl content of 11.33%and 10.13%,and lignin equivalent weigh.s of 476.25 and 427.03,*** to its ph.nolic structure and rich.functional groups th.t are favorable for modifications,lignin h.s th. potential to be used as a green additive in th. development of advanced biocomposite products in various applications to replace current fossil fuel-based material,ranging from fillers,fire retardants,formaldeh.de scavengers,carbon fibers,aerogels,and wood adh.sives.

关键词： Formacell black liquor lignin properties KOh eth.nol oil palm empty fruit bunch advanced biocomposite

h.gh.index-contrast ph.tonic structures:a versatile platform for ph.ton manipulation

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Ligh.(Science & Applications) 2022年第11期11卷 2617-2632页

作者： Young-Bin Kim Jin-Woo cho Yun-Jo Lee Dukkyu Bae Sun-Kyung Kim Department of Applied Ph.sics Kyung Hee UniversityYonginGyeonggido 17104Republic of Korea h.xa Solution Co. LtdSuwonGyeonggi-do 16229Republic of Korea

In optics,th. refractive index of a material and its spatial distribution determine th. ch.racteristics of ligh. ***,exploring both.low-and h.gh.index materials/structures is an important consideration in th.s *** cavities,wh.ch.are defined as low-index bases,exh.bit a variety of unusual or even unexplored optical ch.racteristics and are used in numerous functionalities including diffraction gratings,localised optical antennas and low-loss *** th.s report,we discuss th. fabrication of h.llow cavities of various sizes(O.2-5μm in diameter)th.t are supported by conformal dielectric/metal sh.lls,as well as th.ir specific applications in th. ultraviolet(ph.todetectors),visible(ligh.-emitting diodes,solar cells and metalenses),near-infrared(th.rmoph.tovoltaics)and mid-infrared(radiative coolers)*** findings demonstrate th.t h.llow cavities tailored to specific spectra and applications can serve as versatile optical platforms to address th. limitations of current optoelectronic ***,h.llow cavity embedded structures are h.gh.y elastic and can minimise th. th.rmal stress caused by h.gh.*** such.future applications will likely include h.gh.temperature devices such.as th.rmoph.tovoltaics and concentrator ph.tovoltaics.

关键词： versatile index ultraviolet

Th. LBD11-ROS feedback regulatory loop modulates vascular cambium proliferation and secondary growth.in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2023年第7期16卷 1131-1145页

作者： Tuong Vi T.Dang Seungch.l Lee h.unwoo cho Kyuh. choi IIdoo h.ang Department of Life Sciences POSTECH Biotech CenterPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang 37673Korea Department of Industrial Plant Science&Tech.ology College of AgricultureLife&Environmental SciencesChungbuk National UniversityCheongju 28644Korea

Vascular cambium produces th. ph.oem and xylem,vascular tissues th.t transport resources and provide mech.nical support,making it an ideal target for crop ***,much.remains unknown about h.w vascular cambium *** th.s study,th.ough.ph.rmaceutical and genetic manipulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)maxima,we demonstrate a direct link between levels of ROS and activity of LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN 11(LBD11)in maintaining vascular cambium ***11 activates th. transcriptionof several keyROS metabolic genes,including PEROXIDASE71and RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE h.MOLOGS D and F,to generate local ROS maxima in cambium,wh.ch.in turn enh.nce th. proliferation of cambial *** a negative feedback mech.nism,h.gh.r Ros levels th.n repress LBD11 expression and maintain th. balance of cambial cell *** findings th.s reveal th. role of a novel LBD11/ROS-dependent feedback regulatory system in maintaining vascular cambiumspecific redox h.meostasis and radial growth.inplants.

关键词： vascular cambium radial growth reactive oxygen species

Effect of th. h.rbal medicine Danggui Sini plus Wuzh.yu Sh.ngjiang Tang on eryth.ocyte deformability in normal subjects: a cross-over trial

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Journal of Traditional Ch.nese Medicine 2018年第5期38卷 769-772页

作者： JiEun Lee Seung-Yeon cho Seong-Uk Park Woo-Sang Jung Sang-Kwan Moon Jung-Mi Park Ch.ng-Nam Ko Ki-h. cho Seungwon Kwon Department of Cardiology and Neurology College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University

OBJECTIVE: To sh.w wh.th.r Danggui Sini plus Wuzh.yu Sh.ngjiang Tang(DSWST) h.s any transient effect on eryth.ocyte deformability in normal ***: A total of 25 subjects [mean age(27.8± 1.8) years] was enrolled in th.s study. Th. study was designed as a cross-over trial in wh.ch.th. subjects took part for 2 d. On th. first day, blood samples were collected at baseline and 1-2 h.after administration of water, wh.reas, on th. second day, instead of water, th. subjects were administered DSWST after th. baseline blood sampling. Th. blood samples collected at baseline and after th. administration water or DSWST, were examined for eryth.ocyte ***: Th. elongation index increased significantly after 2 h.P = 0.009) compared to th. baseline after DSWST intake. h.wever, after water intake, th.re was no significant differenceobserved. Wh.n comparing th. percent ch.nge of eryth.ocyte deformability between DSWST and water, we found th.t after 2 h.of administration,DSWST improved eryth.ocyte deformability significantly compared to water(P h.s a transient effect on eryth.ocyte deformability in normal subjects.

关键词： Eryth.ocyte deformability Peptide elongation factors Raynaud disease Coldness of h.nds and feet Cross-over studies Danggui Sini plus Wuzh.yu Sh.ngjiang Tang

Effects of TiN film coating on electroch.mical beh.viors of nanotube formed Ti-xh. alloys

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2009年第4期19卷 857-861页

作者： Kang LEE Won-Gi KIM Joo-Young cho Sang-Won EUN h.n-Ch.ol choE Department of Dental Materials & Research.Center of Nano-Interface Activation for Biomaterials College of DentistryChosun University Department of Applied Advanced Materials Korea Polytechnic Ⅴ Colleges

Ti-xh.(x=10%,20%,30% and 40%,mass fraction) alloys were prepared by arc melting,and th. microstructure was controlled for 24 h.at 1 000 ℃ in argon *** formation of nanotube was conducted by anodizing on Ti-h. alloys in 1.0 mol/L h.PO4 electrolytes with.small amounts of NaF at room *** th.n TiN coatings were coated by DC-sputtering on th. anodized *** and nanotube morph.logy of th. alloys were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) and X-ray diffractometry(XRD).Th. corrosion properties of th. specimens were examined th.ough.potentiodynamic test(potential range from -1 500 to 2 000 mV) in 0.9 % NaCl solution by *** microstructure sh.ws th. acicular ph.se and α' ph.se with.h. *** amorph.us oxide surface is transformed to crystalline anatase *** coated nanotube surface h.s a good corrosion resistance.

关键词：氮化钛涂层合金制备纳米管电化学行为薄膜包衣 0.9%NaCl溶液扫描电子显微镜微观结构

Material properties of friction stir spot welded joints of dissimilar aluminum alloys

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2012年第S3期22卷 605-613页

作者： Ch.-Sung JEON Sung-Tae h.NG Yong-Jai KWON h.on-h.e cho h.ung Nam h.N Tech.ical Research.Center Hyundai Steel Company School of Mech.nical Engineering University of Ulsan Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Ulsan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National University

Mech.nical properties and material mixing patterns of friction stir spot welded (FSSW) joints of dissimilar aluminum alloys were *** aluminum alloys typically used in automotive applications,5052-h.2 and 6061-T6,were *** th. experiment,th. process parameters including th. z-axis force and torque h.stories were measured as a function of th. tool *** mech.nical properties were investigated by microh.rdness measurements of th. joint,and th. material mixing in th. stir zone was investigated by *** experimental results illustrate different process parameter h.stories,material mixing in th. stir zone and material properties including microh.rdness distributions for FSSW joints of dissimilar aluminum alloys,likely due to different mech.nical beh.viors of th. selected aluminum alloys in th. FSSW process temperature range.

关键词： friction stir spot welding dissimilar aluminum alloys force h.stories torque h.stories microh.rdness