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Fiduciary Responsibility: Facilitating Public Trust in Automated Decision Making

Journal of social Computing 2022年第4期3卷 345-362页

作者： shannon B.Harper eric s.weber Department of sociology and Criminal Justice Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA. Department of Mathematics Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA.

Automated decision-making systems are being increasingly deployed and affect the public in a multitude of positive and negative *** and private institutions use these systems to process information according to certain human-devised rules in order to address social problems or organizational *** research and real-world experience indicate that the public lacks trust in automated decision-making systems and the institutions that deploy *** recreancy theorem argues that the public is more likely to trust and support decisions made or influenced by automated decision-making systems if the institutions that administer them meet their fiduciary ***,often the public is never informed of how these systems operate and resultant institutional decisions are made.A“black box”effect of automated decision-making systems reduces the public’s perceptions of integrity and ***,the institutions administering these systems are less able to assess whether the decisions are *** result is that the public loses the capacity to identify,challenge,and rectify unfairness or the costs associated with the loss of public goods or *** current position paper defines and explains the role of fiduciary responsibility within an automated decision-making *** formulate an automated decision-making system as a data science lifecycle(DsL)and examine the implications of fiduciary responsibility within the context of the *** responsibility within DsLs provides a methodology for addressing the public’s lack of trust in automated decision-making systems and the institutions that employ them to make decisions affecting the *** posit that fiduciary responsibility manifests in several contexts of a DsL,each of which requires its own mitigation of sources of *** instantiate fiduciary responsibility,a Los Angeles Police Department(LAPD)predictive policing case study is *** examine the de

关键词： trust artificial intelligence automated decision-making recreancy theorem fiduciary responsibility

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Plasma optics:A perspective for high-power coherent light generation and manipulation

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2023年第2期8卷 1-5页

作者： C.Riconda s.weber LULI Sorbonne UniversitéCNRSÉcole PolytechniqueCEA75252 ParisFrance Extreme Light Infrastructure eric ELI Beamlines Facility25241 Dolni BrezanyCzech Republic

Over the last two decades,the importance of fully ionized plasmas for the controlled manipulation of high-power coherent light has increased *** ideas have been put forward on how to control or change the properties of laser pulses such as their frequency,spectrum,intensity,and *** corresponding interaction with a plasma can take place either in a self-organizing way or by prior *** work has been done in theoretical studies and in simulations,but at present there is a backlog of demand for experimental veri-ﬁcation and the associated detailed characterization of plasma-optical *** proof-of-principle experiments need to be pushed to higher power *** is little doubt that plasmas have huge potential for future use in high-power *** introduction to the special issue of Matter and Radiation at Extremes devoted to plasma optics sets the framework,gives a short historical overview,and brieﬂy describes the various articles in this collection.

关键词： power optics coherent

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Physics of porous materials under extreme laser-generated conditions

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第3期9卷 1-3页

作者： V.T.Tikhonchuk s.weber Extreme Light Infrastructure eric ELI Beamlines Facility25241 DolníBrezanyCzech Republic CELIA University of Bordeaux33405 TalenceFrance

Porous materials offer unique possibilities for the production of plasmas with controlled density profiles for experiments on laser–matter *** are of growing relevance to many applications,such as inertial confinement fusion,fundamental research,and secondary *** the processes of transformation of a porous solid into a plasma is of fundamental interest and is needed for producing materials with desired properties.

关键词： interaction. properties. porous

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Collective coherent emission of electrons in strong laser fields and perspective for hard x-ray lasers

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 1-3页

作者： E.G.Gelfer A.M.Fedotov O.Klimo s.weber Extreme Light Infrastructure eric ELI Beamlines Facility25241 Dolní BřežanyCzech Republic HiLAsE Centre Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences25241 Dolní BřežanyCzech Republic National Research Nuclear University MEPhI Moscow 115409Russia FNsPE Czech Technical University in Prague11519 PragueCzech Republic

Coherent motion of particles in a plasma can imprint itself on *** recent advent of high-power lasers—allowing the nonlinear inverse Compton-scattering regime to be reached—has opened the possibility of looking at collective effects in laser–plasma *** certain conditions,the collective interaction of many electrons with a laser pulse can generate coherent radiation in the hard x-ray *** perspective paper explains the limitations under which such a regime might be attained.

关键词： laser scattering coherent

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Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery: Progress in humans since white paper

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第13期17卷 1655-1665页

作者： Byron F santos eric s Hungness Department of surgery Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 United States

since the first description of the concept of natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTEs), a substantial number of clinical NOTEs reports have appeared in the literature. This editorial reviews the available human data addressing research questions originally proposed by the white paper, including determining the optimal method of access for NOTEs, developing safe methods of lumenal closure, suturing and anastomotic devices, advanced multitasking platforms, addressing the risk of infection, managing complications, addressing challenges with visualization, and training for NOTEs procedures. An analysis of the literature reveals that so far transvaginal access and closure appear to be the most feasible techniques for NOTEs, with a limited, but growing transgastric, transrectal, and transesophageal NOTEs experience in humans. The theoretically increased risk of infection as a result of NOTEs procedures has not been substantiated in transvaginal and transgastric procedures so far. Development of suturing and anastomotic devices and advanced platforms for NOTEs has progressed slowly, with limited clinical data on their use so far. Data onthe optimal management and incidence of intraoperative complications remain sparse, although possible factors contributing to complications are discussed. Finally, this editorial discusses the likely direction of future NOTEs development and its possible role in clinical practice.

关键词： Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery Outcomes Complications Endoscopic surgery

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Management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage:Controversies and areas of uncertainty

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第11期18卷 1159-1165页

作者： eric P Trawick Patrick s Yachimski Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionVanderbilt University Medical Center

Upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage （UGIH） remains a common presentation requiring urgent evaluation and treatment. Accurate assessment, appropriate intervention and apt clinical skills are needed for proper management from time of presentation to discharge. The advent of pharmacologic acid suppression, endoscopic hemostatic techniques, and recognition of Helicobacter pylori as an etiologic agent in peptic ulcer disease （PUD） has revolutionized the treatment of UGIH. Despite this, acute UGIH still carries considerable rates of morbidity and mortality. This review aims to discuss current areas of uncertainty and controversy in the management of UGIH. Neoadjuvant proton pump inhibitor （PPI） therapy has become standard empiric treatment for UGIH given that PUD is the leading cause of non variceal UGIH, and PPIs are extremely effective at promoting ulcer healing. Howeve, neoadjuvant PPI administration has not been shown to affect hard clinical outcomes such as rebleeding or mortality. The optimal timing of upper endoscopy in UGIH is often debated. Upon completion of volume resuscitation and hemodynamic stabilization, upper endoscopy should be performed within 24 h in all patientswith evidence of UGIH for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. With rising healthcare cost paramount in today＇s medical landscape, the ability to appropriately triage UGIH patients is of increasing value. Upper en- doscopy in conjunction with the clinical scenario allows for accurate decision making concerning early discharge home in low risk lesions or admission for further moni toring and treatment in higher risk lesions. Concomitant pharmacotherapy with non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs （NsAIDs） and antiplatelet agents, such as clopidogrel, has a major impact on the etiology, severib/, and potential treatment of UGIH. Long term PPI use in patients taking chronic NsAIDs or clopidogrel is discussed thoroughly in this review.

关键词： Hemorrhage Proton pump inhibitors He/i-cobacter py/ori Prokinetic agents Hemostasis Thieno-pyridines

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Immunotherapeutic approaches in biliary tract carcinoma:Current status and emerging strategies

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2015年第11期7卷 338-346页

作者： eric I Marks Nelson s Yee Department of Medicine Penn State Milton S.Hershey Medical Center Division of Hematology-Oncology Program of Experimental TherapeuticsDepartment of MedicinePenn State Hershey Medical CenterPenn State Hershey Cancer Institute

For biliary tract carcinoma(BTC),complete surgical resection of tumor is only feasible in a minority of patients,and the treatment options for patients with unresectable or metastatic disease are *** in cancer immunology have led to identification of tumor-infiltrating immune cells as indicators of prognosis and response to treatment in *** has also facilitated development of immunotherapy that focuses on enhancing the immune system against biliary *** includes peptide- and dendritic cell-based vaccines that stimulate in-vivo immune responses against tumorspecific *** immunotherapy,which entails the ex-vivo expansion of tumor-infiltrating immune cells for subsequent reintroduction,and cytokinebased therapies have been developed in *** studies indicate that this type of therapy is generally well *** therapy with dendritic cell-based vaccines and adoptive immunotherapy has shown particularly good *** strategies through discovery of novel antigen targets and by reversal of tumor-associated immunosuppression are expected to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in *** efforts by integration of targeted immunotherapeutics with molecular profiling of biliary tumor will hopefully make a positive impact on advancing towards the goal of developing precision treatment of patients with this highly lethal disease.

关键词： Adoptive immunotherapy Cancer vaccines Biliary tra

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Molecular genetics and targeted therapeutics in biliary tractcarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第4期22卷 1335-1347页

作者： eric I Marks Nelson s Yee Department of Medicine Penn State Milton S.Hershey Medical CenterHersheyPA 17033United States Division of Hematology-Oncology Department of MedicinePenn State Hershey Medical CenterHersheyPA 17033United States Program of Experimental Therapeutics Penn State Hershey Cancer InstituteHersheyPA 17033United States

The primary malignancies of the biliary tract, cholangio-carcinoma and gallbladder cancer, often present at an advanced stage and are marginally sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy. Accumulating evidence indicates that molecularly targeted agents may provide new hope for improving treatment response in biliary tract carcinoma(BTC). In this article, we provide a critical review of the pathogenesis and genetic abnormalities of biliary tract neoplasms, in addition to discussing the current and emerging targeted therapeutics in BTC. Genetic studies of biliary tumors have identified the growth factors and receptors as well as their downstream signaling pathways that control the growth and survival of biliary epithelia. Target-specific monoclonal antibodies and small molecules inhibitors directed against the signaling pathways that drive BTC growth and invasion have been developed. Numerous clinical trials designed to test these agents as either monotherapy or in combination with conventional chemotherapy have been completed or are currently underway. Research focusing on understanding the molecular basis of biliary tumorigenesis will continue to identify for targeted therapy the key mutations that drive growth and invasion of biliary neoplasms. Additional strategies that have emerged for treating this malignant disease include targeting the epigenetic alterations of BTC and immunotherapy. By integrating targeted therapy with molecular profiles of biliary tumor, we hope to provide precision treatment for patients with malignant diseases of the biliary tract.

关键词： Biliary tract carcinoma Cholangiocarcinoma Gallbladder carcinoma Molecular genetics Personalizedtreatment Precision therapy Targeted therapy

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Natural Hazard-Induced Disasters and Production Efficiency:Moving Closer to or Further from the Frontier?

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2019年第2期10卷 166-178页

作者： Preeya s.Mohan Nekeisha spencer eric strobl sir Arthur Lewis Institute of social and Economic studies(sALIsEs) University of the West IndiesSt AugustineTrinidad and Tobago University of the West Indies MonaKingstonJamaica University of Bern 3012BernSwitzerland

Production efficiency is a key determinant of economic growth and demonstrates how a country uses its resources by relating the quantity of its inputs to its outputs. When a natural hazard-induced disaster strikes, it has a devastating impact on capital and labor, but at the same time provides an opportunity to upgrade capital and increase labor demand and training opportunities, thereby potentially boosting production efficiency. We studied the impact of natural hazard-induced disasters on countries’ production efficiency, using the case study of hurricanes in the Caribbean. To this end we built a country-specific,time-varying data set of hurricane damage and national output and input indicators for 17 Caribbean countries for the period 1940–2014. Our results, using a stochastic frontier approach, show that there is a short-lived production efficiency boost, and that this can be large for very damaging storms.

关键词： Caribbean Hurricanes Production efficiency

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The impact of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury on stem cell mobilization,migration,adhesion,and proliferation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第7期13卷 1125-1135页

作者： stephanie M.Parry eric s.Peeples Department of Pediatrics University of Nebraska Medical Center

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy continues to be a significant cause of death or neurodevelopmental delays despite standard use of therapeutic *** use of stem cell transplantation has recently emerged as a promising supplemental therapy to further improve the outcomes of infants with hypoxic-ischemic *** the injury,the brain releases several chemical mediators,many of which communicate directly with stem cells to encourage mobilization,migration,cell adhesion and *** manuscript reviews the biomarkers that are released from the injured brain and their interactions with stem cells,providing insight regarding how their upregulation could improve stem cell therapy by maximizing cell delivery to the injured tissue.

关键词： brain-derived neurotrophic hypoxia inducible erythropoietin factor matrix metalloproteinase neonatal stromal cell-derived vascular endothelial growth

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