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人力资本与发展中国家的经济增长

教育经济评论 2017年第1期2卷 3-19,128页

作者： eric hanushek 唐一鹏斯坦福大学胡佛研究院首都师范大学教育学院

人力资本是发展中国家经济增长的驱动力,对于发展中国家人力资本的关注已经导致学者们过于强调劳动力人口的受教育年限(school attainment)。发展中国家已经在学校受教育年限方面取得了相当大的进步,逐渐缩小了与发达国家之间的距离。但... 详细信息

人力资本是发展中国家经济增长的驱动力,对于发展中国家人力资本的关注已经导致学者们过于强调劳动力人口的受教育年限(school attainment)。发展中国家已经在学校受教育年限方面取得了相当大的进步,逐渐缩小了与发达国家之间的距离。但是,新近的研究强调认知技能对经济增长的重要作用。这一结果使学者们关注的焦点转向学校质量,而在这一方面,发展中国家并未能成功缩小其与发达国家之间的差距。如果没有学校质量的改进,发展中国家会发现想要改变其长期经济绩效是非常困难的。

关键词：人力资本经济增长认知技能受教育年限

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高质量教师的经济价值

教育学报 2013年第4期9卷 31-37页

作者：艾瑞克.A.汉纳谢克曹浩文斯坦福大学胡佛研究所北京师范大学教育学部北京100875

以往关于教师质量的研究都止于教师质量对学生学业成绩的影响,而没有进一步分析高质量教师的经济价值。高质量的教师能够带来学生学业成绩的提高,而学业成绩所反映的认知技能能够在劳动力市场上获得收益。因此,将教师效能的研究结果与... 详细信息

以往关于教师质量的研究都止于教师质量对学生学业成绩的影响,而没有进一步分析高质量教师的经济价值。高质量的教师能够带来学生学业成绩的提高,而学业成绩所反映的认知技能能够在劳动力市场上获得收益。因此,将教师效能的研究结果与认知技能回报率的研究结果相结合,可以估算出高质量教师的经济价值。结果表明,一位高于平均水平以上一个标准差的教师如果教授20人的班级,一年之内该教师能够带来学生未来工资收入的现值增加40万美元。如果该教师所教的班级人数更多,那么他的年度边际经济价值更大。

关键词：教师质量教师工资绩效工资教师效能

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经济学视角下的国际学生学业差距分析

教育学报 2013年第3期9卷 19-27页

作者：艾瑞克.A.汉纳谢克唐一鹏斯坦福大学胡佛研究所北京师范大学教育学部北京100875

在国际范围内,最有影响力的学业成就测试项目主要由IEA和OECD两大组织举办,截至2007年共有96个国家参加过该类测试,在世界范围内产生了广泛影响。利用此类数据进行跨国比较研究成为教育经济学的最新热点,以汉纳谢克为代表的学者对此进... 详细信息

在国际范围内,最有影响力的学业成就测试项目主要由IEA和OECD两大组织举办,截至2007年共有96个国家参加过该类测试,在世界范围内产生了广泛影响。利用此类数据进行跨国比较研究成为教育经济学的最新热点,以汉纳谢克为代表的学者对此进行了持续探索。国际数据分析表明,与资源投入、学校制度等因素相比,教师质量对学生学业成就的影响更加重要。不仅如此,学业成就对于一国宏观经济增长具有巨大的促进,如果正确而适时地推动教育改革,一国经济将呈现稳定的增长态势。因此,对于中国来说,促进基础教育优质均衡发展是整个社会平稳发展的重要保障。

关键词：国际学生测试教育质量经济增长

Taxonomy,distribution,and contemporary exposure of terrestrial mammals to floods and human pressure across different areas for biodiversity conservation in China

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 458-467页

作者： Roman SHARNUUD eric I.AMECA MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science&Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Climate Change Specialist Group Species Survival CommissionInternational Union for Conservation of NatureGlandSwitzerland

A significant research focus is placed on identifying animal species and areas at future risk to human-induced alterations of the environment and long-term changes in climatic ***,the extent to which exposure to extreme climatic events and intense human pressure can increase the risk of harmful impacts on species remains poorly *** on terrestrial mammals in China,one of the world’s megadiverse countries,we investigated patterns of contemporary exposure to floods and human pressures and determined their taxonomic representation and distribution across three major area-based conservation schemes,namely,national nature reserves(NNRs),priority areas for biodiversity conservation(PABCs),and key biodiversity areas(KBAs).Among the 440 species assessed with moderate or high exposure to floods,327(∼75%)also qualified as moderate or high in exposure to intense human *** species mainly belong to the orders Chiroptera,Eulipotyphla,and ***,there were 305,311,and 311 species with moderate or high exposure to flood and intense human pressure represented across NNRs,PABCs,and KBAs,*** findings support the prioritization of KBAs for expansion of site-based protection efforts such as NNRs in China,considering threats to species from exposure to adverse effects from both extreme climate and human pressure.

关键词： conservation floods human pressure mammals taxonomy

Multidimensional images and aberrations in STEM

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第9期33卷 68-74页

作者： eric R.Hoglund Andrew R.Lupini Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831United States

Recent advances in scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)have led to increased development of multidimensional STEM imaging modalities and novel image reconstruction *** interest arises because the main electron lens in a modern transmission electron microscope usually has a diffraction-space information limit that is significantly better than the real-space resolution of the same *** state-of-affairs is sometimes shared by other scattering methods in modern physics and contributes to a broader excitement surrounding multidimensional techniques that scan a probe while recording diffraction-space images,such as ptychography and scanning nano-beam ***,the contrasting resolution in the two spaces raises the question as to what is limiting their effective ***,we examine this paradox by considering the effects of aberrations in both image and diffraction planes,and likewise separate the contributions of pre-and post-sample *** consideration provides insight into aberration-measurement techniques and might also indicate improvements for super-resolution techniques.

关键词： scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) aberrations

Larval development and voracity of Eupeodes americanus (Diptera: Syrphidae): comparison of the focal prey Aphis gossypi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the banker prey Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 575-586页

作者： Arlette Fauteux Antonio Onofre Soares eric Lucas Laboratoire de lutte biologique Departement des sciences biologiquesUniversite du Quebec a Montreal(UQAM)MontrealQuebecCanada Faculty of Science and Technology Center for Ecology Evolution and Environmental ChangesAzorean Biodiversity Group(cE3c-ABG)&CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability InstitutePonta DelgadaPortugal

Unlike European species,the potential of Nearctic syrphids as biological control agents is still poorly ***,the American hoverfly,Eupeodes americanus(Wiedemann),has recently demonstrated promising traits as a biocontrol agent,notably against the foxglove aphid,Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach,on *** present study aims to extend our knowledge of the American hoverfly by evaluating its potential as a biocontrol agent in a banker plant system against the melon aphid,Aphis gossypi Glover,in a greenhouse cucumber *** preimaginal development and voracity of *** were compared when preying upon the focal prey/pest(***)or the banker prey(bird cherry-oat aphid,Rhopalosiphum padi L.)by daily observations of larvae from egg to *** development time,survival rate,and occurrence of deformation were similar on both prey *** weight of third instar and pupae,however,was higher for larvae that fed on the banker *** ad libitum voracity of the syrphid larvae was generally very high and did not significantly differ between prey species,except for the third-instar larvae which consumed more focal *** suggest that a banker plant system involving the bird cherry-oat aphid may be a promising tactic for utilizing *** for melon aphid biocontrol.

关键词： american hoverfly banker plant system biological control bird cherry-oat aphid greenhouse cucumber melon aphid

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国家的知识资本

Opto-fluidically multiplexed assembly and micro-robotics

作者： (美)埃里克·哈努谢克(eric A. hanushek) (德)卢德格尔·沃斯曼因(Ludger Woessmann)

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 544-554页

作者： Elena Erben Weida Liao Antonio Minopoli Nicola Maghelli eric Lauga Moritz Kreysing Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Dresden 01307Germany Center for Systems Biology Dresden 01307Germany Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems–Biological Information Processing.Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT) Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344Germany Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of CambridgeCambridge CB30WAUK

Techniques for high-definition micromanipulations,such as optical tweezers,hold substantial interest across a wide range of ***,their applicability remains constrained by material properties and laser *** while microfluidic manipulations have been suggested as an alternative,their inherent capabilities are limited and further hindered by practical challenges of implementation and *** we show that the iterative application of laser-induced,localized flow fields can be used for the relative positioning of multiple micro-particles,irrespectively of their material *** to the standing theoretical proposal,our method keeps particles mobile,and we show that their precision manipulation is non-linearly accelerated via the multiplexing of temperature stimuli below the heat diffusion *** resulting flow fields are topologically rich and mathematically *** represent unprecedented microfluidic control capabilities that are illustrated by the actuation of humanoid micro-robots with up to 30 degrees of freedom,whose motions are sufficiently well-defined to reliably communicate personal characteristics such as gender,happiness and *** results constitute high-definition micro-fluidic manipulations with transformative potential for assembly,micro-manufacturing,the life sciences,robotics and optohydraulically actuated micro-factories.

关键词： manipulation fluid assembly

Exploring the modulatory role of bovine lactoferrin on the microbiome and the immune response in healthy and Shiga toxin‑producing *** challenged weaned piglets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1278-1291页

作者： Matthias Dierick Ruben Ongena Daisy Vanrompay Bert Devriendt eric Cox Laboratory of Immunology Department of Translational PhysiologyInfectiology and Public HealthFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversitySalisburylaan 1339820 MerelbekeBelgium Laboratory for Immunology and Animal Biotechnology Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityCoupure links 6539000 GhentBelgium

Background Post-weaned piglets suffer from F18+Escherichia coli(***)infections resulting in post-weaning diar-rhoea or oedema *** used management strategies,including colistin and zinc oxide,have contrib-uted to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial *** antimicrobials capable of directly interacting with pathogens and modulating the host immune responses are being *** has shown promising results against porcine enterotoxigenic *** strains,both in vitro and in *** We investigated the influence of bovine lactoferrin(bLF)on the microbiome of healthy and infected weaned ***,we assessed whether bLF influenced the immune responses upon Shiga toxin-producing ***(STEC)***,2 in vivo trials were conducted:a microbiome trial and a challenge infection trial,using an F18+STEC *** did not affect theα-andβ-***,bLF groups showed a higher relative abundance(RA)for the Actinobacteria phylum and the Bifidobacterium genus in the ileal *** analysing the immune response upon infection,the STEC group exhibited a significant increase in F18-specific IgG serum levels,whereas this response was absent in the bLF *** Taken together,the oral administration of bLF did not have a notable impact on theα-andβ-diversity of the gut microbiome in weaned ***,it did increase the RA of the Actinobacteria phylum and Bifi-dobacterium genus,which have previously been shown to play an important role in maintaining gut ***,bLF administration during STEC infection resulted in the absence of F18-specific serum IgG responses.

关键词： E.coli Immune modulation Lactoferrin Microbiome