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Stem cell treatments for oropharyngeal dysphagia:rationale,benefits,and challenges

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2020年第9期12卷 1001-1012页

作者： eric K Tran Kevin O Juarez Jennifer L Long David Geffen School of Medicine University of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States Department of Otolaryngology Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06511United States Department of Head and Neck Surgery David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System Los AngelesCA 90073United States

Dysphagia,defined as difficulty swallowing,is a common symptom negatively impacting millions of adults *** prevalence ranges from 14 to 33 percent in those over age 65 to over 70 percent in a nursing home *** elderly,those with neurodegenerative diseases,head and neck cancer patients,and those with autoimmune conditions such as Sjögren's syndrome are disproportionately *** dysphagia refers specifically to difficulty in initiating a swallow due to dysfunction at or above the upper esophageal sphincter,and represents a large proportion of dysphagia *** treatments are limited and are often *** cell therapy is a new and novel advancement that may fill a much-needed role in our treatment ***,we review the current literature regarding stem cell treatments for oropharyngeal *** discussed include tissue regeneration advancements as a whole and translation of these principles into research surrounding tongue dysfunction,xerostomia,cricopharyngeal dysfunction,and finally an overview of the challenges and future directions for *** this field of study remains in its early stages,initial promising results show potential for the use of stem cell-based therapies to treat oropharyngeal dysphagia and warrant further research.

关键词： Dysphagia Xerostomia Hemiglossectomy Stem cells Myoblasts Mesenchymal stem cells

Assessing insulin effectiveness at the end of the day: Once-daily versus twice-daily insulin glargine injection

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2012年第2期2卷 203-207页

作者： Mark r. Burge eric r. Schroeder Stephen Mitchell Department of Medicine Endocrinology The Vancouver Clinic Vancouver USA Division of Cardiovascular Medicine South Miami Hospital Miami USA University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Albuquerque USA

Objective: Evidence supporting the twice-daily administration of insulin glargine as an approach to address its waning effectiveness at the end of a 24 hour period is sparse. We hypothesized that insulin concentrations determined during the last four hours of a 24 hour period would be greater when identical doses of insulin glargine were administered twice-daily as compared to once-daily among type 1 diabetes patients. research Methods: Ten subjects with insulin deficient type 1 diabetes were admitted for two 38-hour studies at least one week apart. Patients received full-dose insulin glargine once daily at 0800 and half-dose insulin glargine twice-daily at 0800 and 2000 for at least one week in random order prior to overnight studies. Overnight glucose was stabilized with intravenous insulin on the evening prior to study, and subjects fasted and did not receive short acting insulin during the study period. Insulin concentrations were assessed every 30 minutes with an ultrasensitive assay between study hours 20 and 24. results: Insulin concentrations for the final four hours of study period did not differ between once-daily and twice-daily insulin glargine administration (p = 0.38). home glucose testing results and overnight plasma glucose concentrations did not differ between study conditions. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that insulin concentrations are equivalent during the last four hours of a 24-hour period when insulin glargine is administered once- or twice-daily. These findings do not support a role for twice-daily insulin glargine in the management of patients with type 1 diabetes.

关键词： Insulin Injection Timing Insulin Glargine Basal Insulin Type 1 Diabetes

Management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage:Controversies and areas of uncertainty

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第11期18卷 1159-1165页

作者： eric P Trawick Patrick S Yachimski Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionVanderbilt University Medical Center

Upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage （UGIH） remains a common presentation requiring urgent evaluation and treatment. Accurate assessment, appropriate intervention and apt clinical skills are needed for proper management from time of presentation to discharge. The advent of pharmacologic acid suppression, endoscopic hemostatic techniques, and recognition of Helicobacter pylori as an etiologic agent in peptic ulcer disease （PUD） has revolutionized the treatment of UGIH. Despite this, acute UGIH still carries considerable rates of morbidity and mortality. This review aims to discuss current areas of uncertainty and controversy in the management of UGIH. Neoadjuvant proton pump inhibitor （PPI） therapy has become standard empiric treatment for UGIH given that PUD is the leading cause of non variceal UGIH, and PPIs are extremely effective at promoting ulcer healing. Howeve, neoadjuvant PPI administration has not been shown to affect hard clinical outcomes such as rebleeding or mortality. The optimal timing of upper endoscopy in UGIH is often debated. Upon completion of volume resuscitation and hemodynamic stabilization, upper endoscopy should be performed within 24 h in all patientswith evidence of UGIH for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. With rising healthcare cost paramount in today＇s medical landscape, the ability to appropriately triage UGIH patients is of increasing value. Upper en- doscopy in conjunction with the clinical scenario allows for accurate decision making concerning early discharge home in low risk lesions or admission for further moni toring and treatment in higher risk lesions. Concomitant pharmacotherapy with non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs （NSAIDs） and antiplatelet agents, such as clopidogrel, has a major impact on the etiology, severib/, and potential treatment of UGIH. Long term PPI use in patients taking chronic NSAIDs or clopidogrel is discussed thoroughly in this review.

关键词： Hemorrhage Proton pump inhibitors He/i-cobacter py/ori Prokinetic agents Hemostasis Thieno-pyridines

Patterns of antidepressant therapy and clinical outcomes among ischaemic stroke survivors

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第3期6卷 384-394,I0018-I0032页

作者： Mark r Etherton Shreyansh Shah Xu Haolin Ying Xian Lesley Maisch Deidre Hannah Brianna Lindholm Barbara Lytle Laine Thomas eric E Smith Gregg C Fonarow Lee H Schwamm Deepak L Bhatt Adrian F Hernandez Emily C O'Brien Neurology Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Neurology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Duke Clinical research Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA American Heart Association Inc DallasTexasUSA Clinical Neurosciences University of Calgary Cumming School of MedicineCalgaryAlbertaCanada Cardiology Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Cardiovascular Medicine Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Cardiology Duke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Population Health Duke Clinical Research InstituteDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Background and purpose Depression is common after stroke and is often treated with antidepressant medications(AD).ADs have also been hypothesised to improve stroke recovery,although recent randomised trials were *** investigated the patterns of in-hospital AD initiation after ischaemic stroke and association with clinical and readmission *** All Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 65 or older hospitalised for ischaemic stroke in participating Get With The Guidelines-Stroke hospitals between April and December 2014 were eligible for this *** measures included days alive and not in a healthcare institution(home time),all-cause mortality and readmission within 1-year *** score(PS)-adjusted logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between AD use and each outcome *** also compared outcomes in patients prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSrIs)AD versus those prescribed non-SSrI *** Of 21805 AD naive patients included in this analysis,1835(8.4%)were started on an AD at *** started on an AD had higher rates of depression and prior ischaemic stroke,presented with higher admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and were less likely to be discharged ***,patients started on an SSrI had lower rates of discharge to *** for stroke severity,patients started on an AD had worse all-cause mortality,all-cause readmission,major adverse cardiac events,readmission for depression and decreased ***,AD use was also associated with an increased risk for the sepsis,a falsification endpoint,suggesting the presence of residual *** Patients with ischaemic stroke initiated on AD therapy are at increased risk of poor clinical outcomes and readmission even after PS adjustment,suggesting that poststroke depression requiring medication is a poor prognostic *** research is needed to explore

关键词： prescribed admission founding

restricted cross-scale habitat selection by American beavers

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Current Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 703-710页

作者： robert A. FrANCIS Jimmy D. TAYLOr eric DIBBLE Bronson STrICKLAND Vanessa M. PETrO Christine EASTErWOOD Guiming WANG Department of Wildlife Fisheries and Aquaculture Thompson Hall Mississippi State University Starkville MS 39762 USA USDA APHIS Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Corvallis 3180 SW Jefferson Wav OR 97331 USA Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University 321 Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA Environmental Management Division US Army Garrison - Building 4488 Martin Rd SW Redstone Redstone Arsenal AL 35898 USA

Animal habitat selection, among other ecological phenomena, is spatially scale dependent. Habitat selection by American beavers Castor canadensis （hereafter, beaver） has been studied at singular spatial scales, but to date no research addresses multi-scale selection. Our objectives were to determine if beaver habitat selection was specialized to semiaquatic habitats and if variables explaining habitat selection are consistent between landscape and fine spatial scales. We built maximum entropy （MaxEnt） models to relate landscape-scale presence-only data to landscape variables, and used generalized linear mixed models to evaluate fine spatial scale habitat selection using global positioning system （GPS） relocation data. Explanatory variables between the landscape and fine spatial scale were compared for consistency. Our findings suggested that beaver habitat selection at coarse （study area） and fine （within home range） scales was congruent, and was influenced by increasing amounts of woody wetland edge density and shrub edge density, and decreasing amounts of open water edge density. Habitat suitability at the landscape scale also increased with decreasing amounts of grass frequency. As territorial, central-place foragers, beavers likely trade-off open water edge density （i.e., smaller non-forested wetlands or lodges closer to banks） for defense and shorter distances to forage and obtain construction material. Woody plants along edges and expanses of open water for predator avoidance may limit beaver fitness and subsequently determine beaver habitat selection.

关键词： Castor canadensis maximum entropy scale-dependent selection space use wetland

An Atlas Lion As a rising hope in African football, Moroccan forward Ayoub El Kaabi was quick to impress fans with his skills, proving that he already feels at home in China

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ChinAfrica 2019年第5期11卷 40-41页

作者： eric Vincent Fomo 不详

With two defeats and one victory in its first three games played in March 2019, Hebei China Fortune FC started the 2019 season of the Chinese Super League in a bittersweet manner. But the enthusiastic supporters in the Langfang Stadium in north China's Hebei Province, where the Hebei China Fortune is based, are full of hope for the future. Indeed, the local Chinese fans of the club are placing their hope on their new forward: Ttyoub El Kaabi from Morocco, who has been given the nickname “Atlas Lion”.

关键词： defeats victory club

COVID-19 status quo:Emphasis on gastrointestinal and liver manifestations

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第46期27卷 7969-7981页

作者： Abhishek Bhurwal Carlos D Minacapelli Evan Orosz Kapil Gupta Christopher Tait Ishita Dalal Clark Zhang eric Zhao Vinod K rustgi Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNJ 08901United States Center for Liver Diseases and Masses Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of MedicineNew BrunswickNJ 08901United States Department of Internal Medicine Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNJ 08901United States

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has caused one of the worst public health crises in modern *** though severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 primarily affects the respiratory tract,gastrointestinal manifestations are well described in *** review will discuss the epidemiology,virology,manifestations,immunosuppressant states,and lessons learned from ***:At the time of writing,COVID-19 had infected more than 111 million people and caused over 2.5 million deaths *** medical comorbidities including obesity,pre-existing liver condition and the use of proton pump inhibitor have been described as risk factor for severe ***-19 most frequently causes diarrhea(12.4%),nausea/vomiting(9%)and elevation in liver enzymes(15%-20%).The current data does not suggest that patients on immunomodulators have a significantly increased risk of mortality from *** current guidelines from American Gastroenterological Association and American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases do not recommend pre-emptive changes in patients on immunosuppression if the patients have not been infected with *** and relevance:The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a change in structure and shape of gastroenterology departmental *** should be performed only when necessary and with strict protective *** consultations in the form of telehealth services and home drug deliveries have revolutionized the field.

关键词： COVID-19 Status quo Epidemiology Virology Gastrointestinal manifestations Liver manifestations Immunosuppressed states

GCN2 deficiency protects mice from denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy via inhibiting FoxO3a nuclear translocation

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Protein & Cell 2018年第11期9卷 966-970页

作者： Yuting Guo Huiwen Wang Yinglong Tang Yue Wang Mengqi Zhang Zhiguang Yang eric Nyirimigabo Bin Wei Zhongbing Lu Guangju Ji College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy ofSciences Beijing 100049 China National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Dear Editor Several recent clinical studies have indicated that dietary supplementation with branched-chain amino acids （BCAA）, particularly with leucine, is an effective anti-atrophic therapy （Bauer et al., 2015; Tsien et al., 2015; English et al., 2016）. In animal models, BCAA can prevent denervation （ribeiro et al., 2015）, hindlimb suspension （Maki et al., 2012; Jang et al., 2015） or dexamethasone-induced （Yamamoto et al., 2010） muscle atrophy. General control nonderepressible 2 kinase （GCN2） is a well-known amino-acid sensor. Under conditions of amino-acid deprivation, the increased level of uncharged transfer rNA （trNA） activates GCN2 through binding to the histadyl-trNA synthetase-like domain （Wek et al., 1995）. Upon activation, GCN2 phosphorylates eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha at Ser51, which leads to translational arrest and restoration of amino acid home- ostasis （Wek et al., 1995; Sood et al., 2000）. As amino acids are potent modulators of protein turnover in skeletal muscle, we proposed that GCN2 may affect denervation-induced muscle atrol0hv, but the detail mechanism remains unclear.

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Preliminary results of Dementia Prevalence among Elderly People at home by Cognitive Disorder Adapted Test of Niamey (Niger)

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2023年第4期13卷 471-480页

作者： Abdoulkader Andia Maman Sani Bako Maiga Zara Garba Kané Karima r. Saïdou Daou Mamane Brah Souleymane eric Adehossi Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Niamey General Reference Hospital Niamey Niger Department of Internal Medicine Maradi General Reference Hospital de Maradi Maradi Niger Department of Internal Medicine Niamey National Hospital Niamey Niger

Introduction: Neurocognitive disorders are frequent with aging and are often seen at advancing stages in our context. It is really difficult to evaluate rapidly Nigerien elderly persons according to tools available on cognitive status while there is a great number of uneducated elderly people who suffer from cognitive deficiency. The purpose was to determine neurocognitive disorders prevalence in uneducated groups and Muslim elderly people by using the cognitive disorder examination (Codex) test adopted in the population living at home in Niamey (Niger). Materials and Methods: These are the results of a preliminary prospective study with simple three (3) random sampling concerning elderly people aged 60 and over living at home in whom the codex test adapted to Niamey was administered in uneducated Muslim elderly people for a total duration of four (4) minutes. This screen-adapted test should be completed by the mini-mental test of Senegal which is adapted globally to uneducated people in hospitals. The basic Codex test was developed in France for educated people, so we used this basic test in our educated people in the same study. results: A total of 198 patients had been collected, of which 51.5% were female with an average age of 68 years with extremes of 60 to 84 years. 40 were educated. Among educated persons, 62.5% had a very low probability of dementia and 5% had a very high probability of dementia in the first step of the Codex. In the second step, 12.5% had a low probability of dementia and 20% had a high probability in the same group, while 51.3% had a very low probability of dementia and 21.3% had a very high probability of dementia in the first step of CODEX in uneducated elderly. In the second step in the same group, 12.6% had a low probability and 14.5% had a high probability of dementia. Conclusion: The adapted codex test of Niamey is simple and could be rapidly used to screen dementia among uneducated elderly Muslim prayers, and then could confirm it

关键词： Dementia Elderly Adapted Codex of Niamey Prevalence Niger