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Extension of Chemoprevention of Seasonal Malaria to Five Cycles and to Children from the Age of 6 to 9 Years in Africa: Analysis of Its Acceptability, Feasibility, Cost and Impact A Systematic Review

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 74-86页

作者： N’Kpingou Théodore Nadakou Moussiliou Noel Paraïso Ounoussa Tapha Mahamane Moustapha Lamine Jean Blaise Yobo Salifou Ibrahim Alkassoum Fidel Tossou Hamidou Ramatoulaye Lazoumar eric omar adehossi Regional Instutte of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Ouidah Benin Pratical Institute of Public Health (IPSP) Niamey Niger Andre Salifou University of Zinder (UAS) Zinder Niger ABDOU Moumouni University of Niamey (UAM) Niamey Niger Medical and Health Researche Center (CERMES) Niamey Niger

Introduction: Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) aims at preventing malaria in children during the high transmission season. It has been recommended by the WHO since 2013 for children from the age of 3-59 months. However, despite the impact of this intervention, a peak in the prevalence and incidence of malaria is observed in children from the age of 5-9 years. The aim of this study is to determine from the current literature the feasibility, impact and cost-effectiveness of extending SMC to five cycles and to older children. Methods: A litterature search of PubMed/Medline, NCBI and Google scholar identified 1333 articles. After reading the titles and abstracts by two authors, 24 articles were selected and submitted for full reading. Random control studies on the extension of SMC, malaria, feasibility of SMC, impact of SMC and cost-effectiveness of SMC were selected. A total of 16 articles were included for the qualitative synthesis after excluding 8 studies. Results: Following the summary of the evidence, we conclude that the extension is feasible but will be confronted with the unavailability of older children. The intervention period coincides with field work. SMC is effective in reducing the prevalence and incidence of malaria and the parasite density in children. The financial cost of administering SMC is lower than that of treating a child suffering from malaria. Conclusion: After analysing the information, it was found that the majority of the African population supports the extension of the SMC to the number of cycles and the age group in order to alleviate the high mortality and morbidity rates among children due to malaria.

关键词： SMC Feasibility Impact Profitability and Africa

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Antibiotic Resistance in the Uropathogenic Enterobacteria Isolated from Patients Attending General Reference Hospital (GRH) of Niamey, Niger

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2023年第1期13卷 78-90页

作者： Alassane Halawen Mohamed René Dembélé Chaibou Salaou Alix Bénédicte Kagambèga Hiliassa Coulibaly Frédéric François Bado Alio Mahamadou Fody Laouali Boubou Alkassoum Ibrahim eric adehossi omar Mauricio Arcos Holzinger Nicolas Barro Microbiology Laboratory of the General Reference Hospital (GRH) Niamey Niger Laboratory of Molecular Biology Epidemiology and Surveillance of Foodborne Bacteria and Viruses (LaBESTA) University Joseph KI-ZERBO of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Training and Research Unit in Applied Sciences and Technologies University of Dedougou Dedougou Burkina Faso Superior Normal School University Abdou Moumouni of Niamey Niamey Niger Bacteriology Laboratory of the Niamey National Hospital (NNH) Niamey Niger Direction of Surveillance and Response to Epidemics Ministry of Public Health Niamey Niger Faculty of Health Sciences University Abdou Moumouni of Niamey Niamey Niger Center for Medical and Health Research Niamey Niger Instituto de Ciencias Médicas Las Tablas Panama

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a frequent reason for consultation and lead to a significant and sometimes inappropriate prescription of antibiotics. The latter favors antibiotic resistance and an increase in mortality as well as the cost of treatment. The present study aims to contribute to the fight against antibiotic resistance of enterobacteria. Methods: This is a prospective study from January to December, 2021 in the Microbiology laboratory of the General Reference Hospital (GRH) of Niamey including 3369 urine samples. The antibiotic resistance of enterobacteria was determined using the Viteck-2 method. Results: At least 280 strains of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from the patient’s urine. Among these strains, Escherichia coli was the most predominant (74.64%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.07%) and Enterobacter cloacae (7.14%) and other enterobacteria 2.15%. These Enterobacteriaceae are more common in community patients than in hospitalized patients. The average age of patients is 52 years and the age group most affected by these enterobacteria is 46 - 60 years (23.33%). The female sex is the most affected sex with (51.07%) against (48.97%) for the male sex with 1.04 as sex ratio. The hospitalization departments most affected by these enterobacteria are Nephrology (29.23%) and Endocrinology (21.54%). Up to 75% of the Enterobacteriaceae isolates show high resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ticarcillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefoxitin, cefixime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid and ofloxacin. Conclusion: The high rate of antibiotic resistance among enterobacteria in urine is of concern. Only a few Enterobacteriaceae show low resistance to ertapenem, imipenem, amikacin, gentamicin, fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin. Therefore, these antibiotics are recommended as first line treatment for urinary tract infections.

关键词： Antibiotic Resistance Urinary Tract Infections Enterobacteriaceae Viteck-2 Niger

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Assessing the Nutritional Status of Hemodialysis Patients in Sub-Saharan Africa: Experience of Two Hemodialysis Centers in Niger

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2016年第4期6卷 161-166页

作者： Hassan Diongole Moussa Zeinabou Maiga Moussa Tondi Yaya Kane Mahamane Aminou Mahamane Sani Ide Abdou Illiassou Touré Aichatou Illa adehossi eric omar Nephrology Department of Zender University Zender Niger Nephrology Department and Internal Medecine of Abdou Moumouni University Niamey Niger Nephrology Department of Assane Seck University Ziguinchor Senegal Hospital Center of Cahors

Introduction: Patients with end-stage chronic renal failure (ESKD) have a significant impairment in their nutritional status. Our study is aiming at evaluating the nutritional status based on clinical and biological parameters. Patient and method: This is a prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study carried out in two departments of nephrology/dialysis in Niger from 1 December 2014 to 31 March 2015. The assessment of nutritional status relied on the Body Mass Index (BMI), albuminemia, serum phosphate, hemoglobin, CRP, urea, creatinine levels. Results: Sixty-five patients were involved in the study. The mean age was 44.35 ± 13 years with a sex ratio of 2.09 in favor of men and an average dialysis duration of 43.47 ± 36.55 months. The mean BMI was 21.60 ± 4.47 kg/m2. Undernutrition was noted in 19 patients (29.23%), hypoalbuminemia was found in 13 patients, C-reactive protein (CRP) level was high in 11 patients. In comparative analysis according to the BMI, several parameters were significantly related to undernutrition: hypo-albuminemia, hyperphosphatemia, high CRP, hyperazotemia, anorexia, MUAC, comorbidities, central venous catheter. Conclusion: The prognostic value of undernutrition in chronic hemodialysis patients fosters early recognition and management of all nutritional disturbances in these patients. Assessment and monitoring of nutritional status in chronic hemodialysis require the simultaneous determination of several markers in order to weight the limits of each of the criteria taken in isolation.

关键词： Nutrition Hemodialysis Niger

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SEIR-SW, Simulation Model of Influenza Spread Based on the Small World Network

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2015年第5期20卷 460-473页

作者： Fatima-Zohra Younsi Ahmed Bounnekar Djamila Hamdadou omar Boussaid Department of Computer Science Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Oran the eric(Entrepts Reprèsentation et Ingènierie des Connaissances)Lab University of Lumire Lyon 2Lyon 69676 France Polytechnic School University of Claude Bernard Lyon1 Lyon 69622 France

This study modeled the spread of an influenza epidemic in the population of Oran, Algeria. We investigated the mathematical epidemic model, SEIR（Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed）, through extensive simulations of the effects of social network on epidemic spread in a Small World（SW） network, to understand how an influenza epidemic spreads through a human population. A combined SEIR-SW model was built, to help understand the dynamics of infectious disease in a community, and to identify the main characteristics of epidemic transmission and its evolution over time. The model was also used to examine social network effects to better understand the topological structure of social contact and the impact of its properties. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the combined SEIR-SW model. Simulation results were analyzed to explore how network evolution influences the spread of desease, and statistical tests were applied to validate the model. The model accurately replicated the dynamic behavior of the real influenza epidemic data, confirming that the susceptible size and topological structure of social networks in a human population significantly influence the spread of infectious diseases. Our model can provide health policy decision makers with a better understanding of epidemic spread,allowing them to implement control measures. It also provides an early warning of the emergence of influenza epidemics.

关键词： SEIR-SW(Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed within Small World network) statistical analysis methods Social Network Analysis(SNA) visualization of SNA disease outbreaks

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Physiological and druggable skipping of immunoglobulin variable exons in plasma cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第10期16卷 810-819页

作者： Mohamad omar Ashi Nivine Srour Jean-Marie Lambert Anne Marchalot Ophelie Martin Sandrine Le Noir eric Pinaud Maria Victoria Ayala Christophe Sirac Jerome Sauliere Jerome Moreaux Michel Cogne Laurent Delpy Unite Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7276 INSERM U1262-Controle de la Reponse Immune B et LymphoproliferationsUniversitede LimogesLimogesFrance Institute of Human Genetics CNRS-UM UMR9002Department of Biological HaematologyCHU MontpellierUniversity of MontpellierUFR MedecineMontpellierFrance Institut Universitaire de France Universitede LimogesLimogesFrance Present address:Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research McGill University3755 Cote Ste-Catherine RoadMontrealQC H3T 1E2Canada

The error-prone V(D)J recombination process generates considerable amounts of nonproductive immunoglobulin(Ig)*** recently demonstrated that aberrant Ig chains lacking variable(V)domains can be produced after nonsense-associated altered splicing(NAS)***,the expression of these truncated Ig polypeptides heightens endoplasmic reticulum stress and shortens plasma cell(PC)*** questions remain regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying this new truncated Ig exclusion(TIE-)checkpoint and its restriction to the ultimate stage of B-cell *** address these issues,we evaluated the extent of NAS of Ig pre-mRNAs using an Ig heavy chain(IgH)knock-in model that allows for uncoupling of V exon skipping from TIE-induced *** found high levels of V exon skipping in PCs compared with B cells,and this skipping was correlated with a biallelic boost in IgH transcription during PC *** analysis further revealed that the skipped V exon turned into a ***,we showed that hypertranscription of Ig genes facilitated V exon skipping upon passive administration of splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides(ASOs).Thus,V exon skipping is coupled to transcription and increases as PC differentiation proceeds,likely explaining the late occurrence of the TIE-checkpoint and opening new avenues for ASO-mediated strategies in PC disorders.

关键词： Immunoglobulin Exon skipping Plasma cells Antisense Oligonucleotides Nonsense-associated altered splicing

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Effects of Monsoon Winds and Topographical Features on the Vertical Thermohaline and Biogeochemical Structure in the Gulf of Tadjourah (Djibouti)

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2016年第3期6卷 440-455页

作者： Youssouf Moussa omar Laurent Memery Xavier Carton Abdourahman Daher eric Duvielbourg Centre d’Etude et de Recherche de Djibouti Route de l’aéroport Djibouti Djibouti Laboratoire des sciences de l’environnement Marin (LEMAR) Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM) Technopole Brest Iroise Plouzané France Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) Laboratoire de physique de l’Océan Brest France

The vertical thermohaline and biogeochemical structures of the upper layer (0 - 200 m) were studied in the Gulf of Tadjourah using high-resolution hydrographic data collected in July-August 2013, September 2013 and February 2014. During summer, the superficial layer consisted of the mixed layer (ML) extending to a depth of about 20 - 30 m followed by the thermocline located between 30 and 50 m depth. The ML was thicker in the west and the southeast where the thermal gradient and chlorophyll a concentrations were particularly high. During September, this stratification persisted but the ML became warmer and saltier and the thermocline moved slightly deeper. In February, the ML extended to about 120 m, and the thermocline was less pronounced. A comparison of the directly measured currents to the wind induced Ekman current and to geostrophic velocity profiles revealed that the thermohaline and the biogeochemical features in summer were related to the southwest monsoon (SWM). The SWM drives surface water from the Gulf of Tadjourah to the Gulf of Aden and thus induces westward intrusion of the high salinity thermocline water from the Gulf of Aden;this near surface flow mixes surface waters in the extreme west of the Gulf of Tajourah. In contrast, the northeast monsoon (NEM), predominant in winter, brings cold water toward the Gulf of Tadjourah and thickens the ML through convective mixing. Our study shows that the SWM plays a crucial role in the stratification of the water column during summer but bathymetry influences its effects. The bowl-shape of the basin and its elongated slope in the west enhance the upwelling in this area where negative sea surface temperature anomalies and high chlorophyll a concentrations were observed.

关键词： Thermohaline Biogeochemical Structures Mixed Layer Depth Thermocline Monsoon Wind Topography

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东非两国公共卫生体系的新探索与启示

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中国卫生政策研究 2021年第8期14卷 60-66页

作者：富晓星程峰 eric Josephat Mgina omar Juma 周梦戈高良敏中国人民大学社会学理论与方法研究中心中国人民大学人类学研究所北京100872 清华大学万科公共卫生与健康学院北京100084 坦桑尼亚国家医学研究所穆希比利中心坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆市3436 坦桑尼亚依法卡拉健康研究所坦桑尼亚巴加莫约65013 清华大学国际与地区研究院北京100084

东非面临传染病、慢性病、新发传染病流行的多重健康威胁,但其公共卫生体系仍偏向应对传染病问题,亟待探索建立一个综合性更强的公共卫生体系。本文通过东非坦桑尼亚和肯尼亚两国的案例发现,两国长期以来实行的是依赖西方援助的传染病... 详细信息

东非面临传染病、慢性病、新发传染病流行的多重健康威胁,但其公共卫生体系仍偏向应对传染病问题,亟待探索建立一个综合性更强的公共卫生体系。本文通过东非坦桑尼亚和肯尼亚两国的案例发现,两国长期以来实行的是依赖西方援助的传染病单病种垂直公共卫生体系,存在很大局限,忽视了当下健康问题的综合性和长期性。对此,东非两国针对艾滋病患者中存在一定比例的慢性病患者和具有相对完善的艾滋病防治网络的事实基础,开展了将慢性病防治工作纳入艾滋病防治体系中的探索实践。正在建设中的非洲疾病预防控制系统,有着改变长期以来非洲公共卫生体系格局的可能。因此,中国参与建设非洲疾病预防控制系统的积极行动具有建设性意义。

关键词：公共卫生体系全球卫生治理坦桑尼亚肯尼亚

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Sediment Transport and Its Impacts on Lake Kivu, Gihira Water Treatment Plant and Various Hydropower Plants along Sebeya River in Rwanda

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2020年第11期12卷 934-950页

作者： Félicien Majoro Umaru Garba Wali omar Munyaneza François-Xavier Naramabuye eric Derrick Bugenimana Concilie Mukamwambali Department of Civil Environmental and Geomatics Engineering College of Science and Technology University of Rwanda Kigali Rwanda College of Agriculture Science and Veterinary Medicine University of Rwanda Kigali Rwanda Faculty of Agriculture and Rural Development University of Kibungo Kibungo Rwanda Department of Mathematics Science and Physical Education College of Education University of Rwanda Rwamagana Rwanda

Complex processes of sediment transport in a river impact on overall aquatic system and result in the productivity decrease of socio-economic development projects taking the river as a source of water. The present study was designed to estimate Sebeya river sediment load and assess its impacts on Lake Kivu, Gihira water treatment plant and various hydropower plants constructed in Sebeya catchment located in Western Province of Rwanda. Water samples were hand-collected from five different sampling points along Sebeya river during rainy and dry seasons. Laboratory analysis for turbidity, total suspended solids, sieve analysis for bed load materials and NPK content of water samples were conducted. The results revealed that the average turbidity was found to be high during rainy season compared to dry season. The same trend was found in total suspended solids concentrations. At all 5 sampling sites and during rainy season compared to dry season, the average mass flowrates of bed load materials were 7.84 and 2.96 kg/hr respectively. Sieve analysis results showed that all bed load sediments were mainly composed of high proportions of fine sand of more than 70% which adversely causes damages on hydropower turbines and the effect of high soil erosion rates on Gihira water treatment plant was traduced by high turbidity of raw water and excessive costs of reagents. At Sebeya outlet, nutrients load and high turbidity reduce significantly the aesthetic quality of Lake Kivu, having a harmful impact on recreation and tourism, aquatic life and affect the livelihoods of people living in the vicinity. Researchers recommend two options of reducing the amount of sediment load in Sebeya river: either to prevent soil erosion or to trap eroded sediment at the upstream of the hydropower and the water treatment plants. Assessing the sediment load fluctuations in Sebeya river is useful for water managers and planners to adjust operations accordingly at water treatment and hydropower plants.

关键词： Sebeya River Impacts of Sediment Load Lake Kivu Rwanda

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Sanguinarine-Mediated Sensitization of Cervical Cancer SiHa Cells to TRAIL

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2017年第6期8卷 624-635页

作者： eric Romney Whitney Wilson Justin Chen Trung Nguyen omar Jawhar Aniket Mody Shaleen Korch Vinay J Nagaraj Corpus Christi Medical Center Corpus Christi Texas USA John C Lincoln Health Network Phoenix Arizona USA Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine Midwestern University Glendale Arizona USA Department of Pharmacology Midwestern University Glendale Arizona USA Department of Biochemistry Midwestern University Glendale Arizona USA

Introduction: Cervical cancer is primarily caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV), which transforms normal cervical cells into cancerous cells that are highly resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. Induction of apoptosis in transformed cells is a key strategy in successfully treating HPV-induced cervical cancer. TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand) has been shown to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells by binding to death receptors and activating extrinsic pathways for apoptosis. However, certain cervical cancers—such as the cultured cell line SiHa—are remarkably resistant to TRAIL. In this study, SiHa cells were sensitized to TRAIL by using sanguinarine—derived from the plant Sanguinaria Canadensis—which is known to induce oxidative stress and lead to the upregulation of receptors for TRAIL. Methods: Cultured SiHa cells were exposed to sub-lethal doses of sanguinarine in combination with TRAIL. Cell viability changes as well as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed. The induction of apoptosis was investigated by assays for caspase activation. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze expression of death receptors 4/5. Results: Treatment of SiHa cells with a combination of sanguinarine and TRAIL led to a significant reduction in cell viability. Significant increase in ROS was observed and caspase activation assays confirmed the induction of apoptosis. Conclusions: The observed synergistic effect of sanguinarine and TRAIL on SiHa cells is promising for the treatment of cervical, and possibly other, HPV-induced cancers. Oxidative stress caused by sanguinarine seems to play a central role in this synergy. The precise link between reactive oxygen species and the possible upregulation of death receptors needs further investigation. This knowledge will enable us to devise more effective treatments for those who suffer from this devastating disease.

关键词： Cervical Cancer SiHa Cells Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Sanguinarine TRAIL (Tumor Necrosis Factor Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand)

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