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Association between fundamental motor skills and physical activity in the early years:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第6期9卷 542-552页

作者： Dan Jones Alison Innerd emma L.Giles Liane B.Azevedo School of Health and Life Sciences Teesside UniversityMiddlesbrough TS13BXUK

Background:Physical activity(PA)in the early years is associated with a range of positive health *** motor skill(FMS)competence is associated with PA and is theorized to be driven by PA in the early years and vice versa in mid to late ***,to date,no studies have meta-analyzed the association between PA and FMS in the early ***:Six electronic databases were searched for articles published up to April ***-sectional and longitudinal studies were included if they targeted children(ages 3-6 year)as the population of the study and assessed the association between objectively measured PA and *** FMS,total physical activity(TPA),and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)data were meta-analyzed using a random effects ***:We identified 24,815 titles and *** total,19 studies met the inclusion criteria,including 14 cross-sectional and 4 longitudinal studies,as well as 1 study with cross-sectional and longitudinal *** was a significant but small positive association between FMS and MVPA(r=0.20,95%confidence interval(CI):0.13-0.26)and TPA(r=0.20,95%CI:0.12-0.28).Findings from longitudinal studies revealed that PA drives FMS in early *** was explored in 1 study,which found that perceived motor competence did not mediate the association between FMS and ***:Using a meta-analysis,this study is the first to show a positive association between FMS,MVPA,and TPA in the early years of childhood,suggesting that the association begins at an early *** evidence from longitudinal studies supports the theory that PA drives FMS in the early years of *** evidence is needed from large studies to track PA and FMS until mid to late childhood and to explore the mediators of this association.

关键词： Early years Fundamental motor skills Physical activity

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Effects of L-arginine,guanidinoacetic acid and L-citrulline supplementation in reduced-protein diets on bone morphology and mineralization of laying hens

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 225-234页

作者： Hiep Thi Dao Amy F.Moss emma J.Bradbury Robert A.Swick School of Environmental and Rural Science Faculty of ScienceAgricultureBusiness and LawUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South Wales2351Australia Faculty of Animal Science Vietnam National University of AgricultureTrau Quy TownGia Lam DistrictHanoi100000Vietnam Baiada Poultry Pty Limited Pendle HillNew South Wales2145Australia

The alterations in feed ingredients and the nutrient matrix to produce reduced-protein diets may affect bone morphology and mineralization in laying *** study was implemented to determine the effects of L-arginine(Arg),guanidinoacetic acid(GAA),and L-citrulline(Cit)supplementation to Argdeficient reduced-protein diets on bone morphology,strength,and mineralization status of laying *** housed Hy-Line Brown laying hens were evenly distributed to five dietary treatments with 25 replicates per treatment from 20 to 40 wk of *** consisted of a standard protein diet(17%crude protein,SP),a reduced-protein diet deficient in Arg(13%crude protein,RP),and RP supplemented with Arg(0.35%Arg,RP-Arg),GAA(0.46%GAA equivalent to 0.35%Arg,RP-GAA),or Cit(0.35%Cit equivalent to 0.35%Arg,RP-Cit)to reach the Arg level of SP *** fed the SP diet had similar bone weight,ash,length,width,Seedor index,breaking strength,and serum mineral concentration,but higher toe B level(P<0.001)compared to those fed the RP diet at wk *** fed the SP diet consumed more but also excreted more K and B compared to those fed the RP diet(P<0.01).Birds fed the SP diet had lower Cu digestibility(P=0.01)and higher B retention(P<0.01)compared to those offered the RP *** of Arg,GAA,and Cit to the RP diet increased relative femur weight and length(P<0.001).Citrulline supplementation also increased relative tibia and femur ash,and Zn digestibility(P<0.05).Supplementation of GAA to the RP diet decreased serum Ca,P,and Mg levels,decreased tibia Fe and Mg levels and toe Mg level,but increased Al,Fe,Zn,and Mn digestibility(P<0.05).The current findings demonstrated the capacity of laying hens to adapt to low mineral intake by increasing mineral ***,bone morphology and breaking strength,and serum mineral level in laying hens were not influenced by dietary CP *** Arg,GAA,or Cit supplementation were effective in improving bone morphology and

关键词： Ash Breaking strength Femur Low protein Minerals Digestibility

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Graphene-loaded metal wire grating for deep and broadband THz modulation in total internal reflection geometry

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Photonics Research 2018年第12期6卷 1151-1157页

作者： YIWEN SUN RICCARDO DEGLJINNOCENTI DAVID A.RITCHIE HARVEY E.BEERE LONG XIAO MICHAEL RUGGIERO J.AXEL ZEITLER RAYKO I.STANTCHEV DANNI CHEN ZHENGCHUN PENG emma macpherson XUDONG LIU National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound ImagingDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of MedicineShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeJ J Thomson AvenueCambridge CB30HEUK Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA Department of Chemistry University of Vermont82 University PlaceBurlingtonVermont 05405USA Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgePembroke StreetCambridge CB2 3RAUK Department of Electronic Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Devices and Systems College of Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen University Shenzhen 518060China Department of Physics University of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventry CV4 7ALUK

We employed a metallic wire grating loaded with graphene and operating in total internal reflection (TIR) geometry to realize deep and broadband THz modulation. The non-resonant field enhancement effect of the evanescent wave in TIR geometry and in the subwavelength wire grating was combined to demonstrate a ～77% modulation depth (MD) in the frequency range of 0.2–1.4 THz. This MD, achieved electrically with a SiO_2∕Si gated graphene device, was 4.5 times higher than that of the device without a metal grating in transmission geometry. By optimizing the parameters of the metallic wire grating, the required sheet conductivity of graphene for deep modulation was lowered to 0.87 mS. This work has potential applications in THz communication and real-time THz imaging.

关键词： modulation depth (MD) graphene Wire grating

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Outage Detection for Distribution Networks Using Limited Number of Power Flow Measurements

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2020年第2期8卷 315-324页

作者： Basel Alnajjab Ananth Narayan Samudrala Chen Chen Rick S.Blum Soummya Kar emma M.Stewart the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPA18015USA the School of Electrical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049 the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburgh.PA15213USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA94550USA

Accurate topology estimation is crucial for effectively operating modern distribution *** outages in a distribution network change the network topology by disconnecting some parts of the network from the main *** this paper,an outage detection(or topology estimation)algorithm for radial distribution networks is *** algorithm utilizes noisy power flow measurements collected from a subset of lines in the network,and statistical information characterizing errors in forecasting load ***,a sensor placement scheme is *** sensor placement provides critical sensing for the outage detection algorithm so that any number of possible outages in the network can be *** performance of the proposed outage detection algorithm using the proposed sensor placement is demonstrated through several numerical results on the IEEE 123-node test feeder.

关键词： Outage detection distribution networks maximum likelihood(ML)detection sensor placement

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Spatiotemporal modeling of mid-infrared photoluminescence from terbium(Ⅲ) ion doped chalcogenide-selenide multimode fibers

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Journal of Rare Earths 2019年第11期37卷 1157-1163页

作者： Slawomir Sujecki Lukasz Sojka Zhuoqi Tang Dinuka Jayasuriya David Furniss emma Barney Trevor Benson Angela Seddon Telecommunications and Teleinformatics Department Wroclaw University of Science and TechnologyWroclawPoland Mid-Infrared Photonics Group George Green Institute for Electromagnetics ResearchFaculty of EngineeringThe University of NottinghamNottinghamUK

A numerical model was developed to study the time dynamics of photo luminescence emitted by Tb^3+doped multimode chalcogenide-selenide glass fibers pumped by laser light at approximately 2μ*** model consists of a set of partial differential equations(PDEs),which describe the temporal and spatial evolution of the photon density and level populations within the *** order to solve numerically the PDEs a method of lines was *** modeling parameters were extracted from measurements and from data available in the *** numerical results obtained support experimental *** particular,the developed model reproduces the discrepancies that are observed between the photoluminescence decay curves obtained from different points along the *** numerical analysis was also used to explain the source of these discrepancies.

关键词： Chalcogenide glass fiber Numerical modeling Photoluminescence Mid-infrared light Rare earths

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Smelling fit： scent marking exposes parasitic infection status in the banded mongoose

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Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 237-247页

作者： Jessica MITCHELL Michael A. CANT emma I.K. VITIKAINEN Hazel J. NICHOLS School of Natural Sciences and Psychology Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool L3 AF UK Centrefor Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn Campus TRIO 9FE UK

Preference for uninfected mates is presumed beneficial as it minimizes one＇s risk of contracting an infection and infecting one＇s offspring. In avian systems, visual ornaments are often used to indi- cate parasite burdens and facilitate mate choice. However, in mammals, olfactory cues have been proposed to act as a mechanism allowing potential mates to be discriminated by infection status. The effect of infection upon mammalian mate choice is mainly studied in captive rodents where ex- perimental trials support preference for the odors of uninfected mates and some data suggest scent marking is reduced in individuals with high infection burdens. Nevertheless, whether such effects occur in nonmodel and wild systems remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the interplay between parasite load （estimated using fecal egg counts） and scent marking behavior in a wild population of banded mongooses Mungos mungo. Focusing on a costly protozoan parasite of the genus Isospora and the nematode worm Toxocara, we first show that banded mongooses that engage in frequent, intensive scent marking have lower Isospora loads, suggesting marking behavior may be an indicator trait regarding infection status. We then use odor presentations to demonstrate that banded mongooses mark less in response to odors of opposite sexed individuals with high Isospora and Toxocara loads. As both of these parasites are known to have detrimental effects upon the health of preweaned young in other species, they would appear key targets to avoid during mate choice. Results provide support for scent as an important ornament and mechanism for advertising parasitic infection within wild mammals.

关键词： Isospora olfaction parasite scent scent preferences Toxocara.

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Does the scent of a potential mate prevent the resorption of oocytes by apoptosis in Nauphoeta cinerea？

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Insect Science 2009年第5期16卷 393-398页

作者： emma L. B. Barrett Allen J. Moore Patricia J. Moore Centre for Ecology and Conservation School of Biosciences University of Exeter Cornwall Campus Penryn Cornwall UK

We expect organisms to have evolved mechanisms to gather and use the information available within their environments, to steer resource investment decisions toward the traits that will give the greatest fitness returns. Pheromones are social signals, a common purpose of which is to act as indicators of mate presence. Consequently, pheromones have the potential to act as signals to increase or maintain reproductive investment over that of competing life-history traits. In the cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea （Oliver）, females pay costs of maintaining investment in reproduction when there are no males, and males produce pheromones that are known to effect female reproductive outcomes. Whether the pheromones have an influence on resource physiology is unknown. We subjected newly eclosed females to either a synthetic blend of male pheromones or control. We dissected females at 7, 12, 17 or 22 days. We measured apoptosis levels and size of all oocytes within the vitellerium, and measured dry fat body mass. Synthetic male pheromone blend did not have an effect on any measure of female reproductive or somatic resource physiology. Although negative results are always problematic, the success of the synthetic pheromone method in the past suggests that females may be insensitive to male pheromones in the pre-oviposition period, and may rely on mating stimulus rather than pheromone as the cue for oocyte maintenance and growth. Previous studies reporting effects of male pheromones on female reproduction suggest that the period of pheromone sensitivity may be between mating and birth.

关键词： apoptosis environment oocyte ovary pheromone predictable trade-off

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Progresses in restoration of post-mining landscape in Africa

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第2期30卷 381-396页

作者： emma Sandell Festin Mulualem Tigabu Mutale N.Chileshe Stephen Syampungani Per Christer Oden Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Science School of Natural Resources Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copperbelt University

Mining alters the natural landscape and discharges large volumes of wastes that pose serious pollution hazards to the environment, to human health and to agriculture. As a result, the recent 2 decades have witnessed a global surge in research on post-mining landscape restoration, yielding a suite of techniques including physical, chemical, biological(also known as phytoremediation) and combinations. Despite the long history of mining in Africa, no systematic review has summarized advances in restoration research and practices after mining disturbance. Thus, the aim of this review was to document the state-of-knowledge and identify gaps in restoration of postmining landscape in Africa through literature review. We found that:(1) there has been substantial progress in identifying species suitable for phytoremediation;(2) few studies evaluated the feasibility of organic amendments to promote autochthonous colonization of mine wastelands or growth of planted species; and(3) restoration of limestone quarries in Kenya, sand mining tailings in South Africa,and gold mine wasteland in Ghana are successful cases of large-scale post-mining restoration practices in ***, the pace of post-mining landscape restoration research and practice in Africa is sluggish compared to other parts of the global south. We recommend:(1)mainstreaming the restoration of mine wastelands in national research strategies and increased development planning to make the mining sector ‘‘Green'';(2) inventory of the number, area, and current status of abandoned mine lands;(3) expanding the pool of candidate species for phytostabilization;(4) further evaluating the phytostabilization potential of organic amendments, e.g., biochar;(5)assessing the impacts of mining on regional biodiversity.

关键词： Phytoremediation Phytostabilization Reclamation Remediation Tailing dams

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Mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第2期5卷 304-316页

作者： Mylena Ortiz emma Wabel Kerry Mitchell Sachi Horibata Precision Health Program Michigan State University766 Service RoadEast LansingMI 48824USA. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Human MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA.

Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecologic *** standard therapy for ovarian cancer has been the same for the past two decades,a combination treatment of platinum with ***,the FDA approved three new therapeutic drugs,two poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitors(olaparib and niraparib)and one vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor(bevacizumab)as maintenance therapies for ovarian *** this review,we summarize the resistance mechanisms for conventional platinum-based chemotherapy and for the newly FDA-approved drugs.

关键词： Drug resistance ovarian cancer cisplatin carboplatin paclitaxel olaparib niraparib bevacizumab

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I’m Nervous about Sharing This Secret with You:Youtube Influencers Generate Strong Parasocial Interactions by Discussing Personal Issues

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Journal of Data and Information Science 2022年第2期7卷 31-56页

作者： Mike Thelwall emma Stuart Amalia Mas-Bleda Meiko Makita Mahshid Abdoli Statistical Cybermetrics Research Group University of WolverhamptonUK

Purpose:Performers may generate loyalty partly through eliciting illusory personal connections with their audience,parasocial relationships(PSRs),and individual illusory exchanges,parasocial interactions(PSIs).On social media,semi-PSIs are real but imbalanced exchanges with audiences,including through comments on influencers’videos,and strong semi-PSIs are those that occur within *** article introduces and assesses an automatic method to detect videos with strong PSI ***/methodology/approach:Strong semi-PSIs were hypothesized to occur when commenters used a variant of the pronoun“you”,typically addressing the *** on the videos of UK female influencer channels were used to test whether the proportion of you pronoun comments could be an automated indicator of strong PSI potential,and to find factors associating with the strong PSI potential of influencer *** highest and lowest strong PSI potential videos for 117 influencers were classified with content analysis for strong PSI potential and evidence of factors that might elicit ***:The you pronoun proportion was effective at indicating video strong PSI potential,the first automated method to detect any type of *** at the camera,head and shoulders framing,discussing personal issues,and focusing on the influencer associated with higher strong PSI potential for influencer *** social media factors found include requesting feedback and discussing the channel *** limitations:Only one country,genre and social media platform was *** implications:The method can be used to automatically detect YouTube videos with strong PSI potential,helping influencers to monitor their ***/value:This is the first automatic method to detect any aspect of PSI or PSR.

关键词： Parasocial interaction Parasocial relationships Influencers YouTube Social media semi-PSI

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