检索结果-南通市图书馆

Pedosphere 2021年第2期31卷 342-352页

作者： emma m.docherty Andrew D.THOmAS Department of Geography and Earth Sciences Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth SY233DB(UK) School of Geography University of LeedsLeeds LS29JT(UK)

Seasonally flooded várzea forests of Western Amazonia are one of the most productive and biodiverse wetland forests in the ***,data on their soil CO_(2)emissions,soil organic matter decomposition rates,and soil C stocks are *** is a concern because hydrological changes are predicted to lead to increases in the height,extent,and duration of seasonal floods,which are likely to have a significant effect on soil C stocks and ***,with no empirical data,the impact of altered flood regimes on várzea soil C cycles remains *** study quantified the effects of maximum annual flood height and soil moisture on soil CO_(2)efflux rate(R_(s))and soil organic matter decomposition rate(k)in the várzea forests of Pacaya Samiria National Reserve,*** study was conducted between may and August *** results showed that R_(s)(10.6–182.7 mg C m^(-2)h^(-1))and k(0.016–0.078)varied between and within sites,and were considerably lower than the values reported for other tropical *** addition,R_(s)was negatively affected by flood height(Pmoisture(Pmentioned *** moisture was the dominant factor influencing R_(s),and it was significantly affected by maximum flood height,even after the floods had subsided(Pmain unchanged but with decomposition processes becoming more anaerobic.

关键词： C cycle climate change greenhouse gas soil CO_(2)emissions soil moisture soil organic matter decomposition rate tropical forest

Hear no evil： The effect of auditory warning signals on avian innate avoidance, learned avoidance and memory

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 197-207页

作者： emma C. SIDDALL Nicola m. mARPLES School of Natural Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland

many aposematic insect species advertise their toxicity to potential predators using olfactory and auditory signals, in addition to visual signals, to produce a multimodal warning display. The olfactory signals in these displays may have interesting effects, such as eliciting innate avoidance against novel colored prey, or improving learning and memory of defended prey. However, little is known about the effects of such ancillary signals when they are auditory rather than olfactory. The few studies that have investigated this question have provided conflicting results. The current study sought to clarify and extend understanding of the effects of prey auditory signals on avian predator responses. The domestic chick Gallus gallus domesticus was used as a model avian predator to examine how the defensive buzzing sound of a bumblebee Bombus terrestris affected the chick＇s innate avoidance behavior, and the learning and memory of prey avoidance. The results demonstrate that the buzzing sound had no effect on the predator＇s responses to unpalatable aposematically colored crumbs, suggesting that the agitated buzzing of B. terrestris may provide no additional protection from avian predators .

关键词： Aposematism Auditory signals Dietary conservatism Avoidance learning memorability multimodal signaling

The effect of pyrazine odor on avoidance learning and memory in wild robins Erithacus rubecula

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 208-214页

作者： emma C. SIDDALL Nicola m. mARPLES School of Natural Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland

Toxic insects advertise their defended state to potential predators using warning displays. Frequently these displays use cues through more than one sensory modality, and combine color, smell and sound to produce a multimodal warning display. Signalling through more than one sensory pathway may enhance the rate of avoidance learning, and the memorability of the learned avoidance. A common insect warning odor, pyrazine, has previously been shown to increase the rate of learned avoidance of unpalatable yellow prey by domestic chicks （GaUus gallus domesticus）, and the odor also improved memory of this learned avoidance. However, to date no research has examined this response to pyrazine odor using wild birds under natural conditions. This study used wild robins （Erithacus rubecula） to investigate whether wild birds avoided yellow baits that smelled of pyrazine more strongly than those presented with no odor. The results provide some evidence that pyrazine odor does increase the level of protection an aposematic insect gains from a wild avian predator, but that the effect of pyrazine on learned avoidance was much weaker than was found with domestic chicks .

关键词： Aposematism Learned avoidance memory multimodal warning display Pyrazine Robins

The birth hour of mammals:insights from intra-specific variation in wild blue monkeys

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Current Zoology 2022年第5期68卷 499-506页

作者： marina Cords emma Gometz Department of Ecology Evolution and Environmental BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology 695 Park AvenueNew YorkNY 10065USA

While most mammals show birth hour peaks at times of the 24-h cycle when they are less active,there are exceptions to this general *** exceptions have been little explored,but may clarify evolutionary reasons for the diel timing of *** investigated intraspecific variation in birth hour in wild blue monkeys Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni,a diurnal primate,to identify factors that differentiated daytime versus nighttime *** and life history data from 14 groups over 14 years revealed that 4%of 484 births occurred during the *** of daytime birth varied with mother’s age,peaking at 15.7 *** whose annual timing deviated most from the population’s peak birth months were 5 times more likely to occur during daytime than those that deviated *** was no evidence that mother’s rank or infant sex influenced birth hour,and mixed evidence that daytime births were more probable in larger *** did not differ significantly for infants born during the day versus ***-aged mothers may be able to handle the consequences of an unusual birth hour more successfully than mothers with less experience or those weakened by *** birth may be more advantageous in the off-season because nights are colder at that time of *** findings are consistent with hypotheses relating birth hour to the risk of losing social protection in group-living animals,but are not consistent with those emphasizing risk of conspecific *** of within-species variation can help in evaluating evolutionary hypotheses for non-random birth hour.

关键词： birth timing Cercopithecus mitis circadian pattern diel cycle guenon parturition

Indirect traumatic optic neuropathy:modeling optic nerve injury in the context of closed head trauma

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第4期14卷 593-594页

作者： emma G.Burke Shelby m.Cansler Nathan K.Evanson medical College of Georgia Augusta University Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation medicine Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati

Traumatic optic neuropathy:Traumatic brain injury is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality in the United *** impacts people of all ages and demographics,particularly younger males and members of the *** loss is commonly associated with traumatic brain injuries of all severities and can leave patients permanently *** vision loss can be caused by injury to the visual system at multiple levels,including the eyes,optic nerves,and many different sites in the brain and brainstem(Sen,2017).Despite the far-reaching effects of visual impairment after traumatic brain injury,its incidence after traumatic brain injury is not well measured,and few successful treatments have been identified or implemented.

关键词： Traumatic optic neuropathy Traumatic brain injury disability and mortality

Insights on the crosstalk between dendritic cells and helper T cells in novel genetic etiology for mendelian susceptible mycobacterial disease

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Cellular & molecular Immunology 2018年第12期15卷 1091-1094页

作者： emma Rey-Jurado magdalena S.Pizarro-Ortega Alexis m.Kalergis millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy Departamento de Genética Molecular y MicrobiologíaFacultad de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago 8330644Chile Departamento de Endocrinología Facultad de MedicinaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago 8330644Chile

mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease(mSmD)is an inherited predisposition to infections by Bacille-Calmette Guérin(BCG)vaccine or by environmental *** etiology of mSmD has been associated with up to nineteen different genetic mutations in interferon(IFN)-γ-related genes.1 Although mycobacteria susceptibility-associated genetic mutations are rare in the population,their diagnosis is crucial for an efficient and timely *** et al.2 have recently described an autosomal recessive deficiency in the signal peptidase-like 2 A(SPPL2-a)as a new genetic etiology for mSmD in three patients that had suffered BCG dissemination disease.

关键词： mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease SPPL2a deficiency cDC2 mycobacterial-specific priming IFN-γ

Outage Detection for Distribution Networks Using Limited Number of Power Flow measurements

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2020年第2期8卷 315-324页

作者： Basel Alnajjab Ananth Narayan Samudrala Chen Chen Rick S.Blum Soummya Kar emma m.Stewart the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPA18015USA the School of Electrical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049 the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburgh.PA15213USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA94550USA

Accurate topology estimation is crucial for effectively operating modern distribution *** outages in a distribution network change the network topology by disconnecting some parts of the network from the main *** this paper,an outage detection(or topology estimation)algorithm for radial distribution networks is *** algorithm utilizes noisy power flow measurements collected from a subset of lines in the network,and statistical information characterizing errors in forecasting load ***,a sensor placement scheme is *** sensor placement provides critical sensing for the outage detection algorithm so that any number of possible outages in the network can be *** performance of the proposed outage detection algorithm using the proposed sensor placement is demonstrated through several numerical results on the IEEE 123-node test feeder.

关键词： Outage detection distribution networks maximum likelihood(mL)detection sensor placement

The Representation of Soil moisture−Atmosphere Feedbacks across the Tibetan Plateau in CmIP6

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第11期40卷 2063-2081页

作者： Joshua TALIB Omar V.mÜLLER emma J.BARTON Christopher m.TAYLOR Pier Luigi VIDALE U.K.Centre of Ecology and Hydrology WallingfordOX108BBU.K. National Centre for Atmospheric Science ReadingRG66BBU.K. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Centro de Estudios de Variabilidad y Cambio Climático(CEVARCAM)Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias HídricasUniversidad Nacional del LitoralSanta FeArgentina National Centre for Earth Observation WallingfordOX108BBU.K. Department of meteorology University of ReadingReadingRG66BBU.K.

Thermal processes on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)influence atmospheric conditions on regional and global *** this,previous work has shown that soil moisture−driven surface flux variations feed back onto the *** soil moisture is a source of atmospheric predictability,no study has evaluated soil moisture−atmosphere coupling on the TP in general circulation models(GCms).In this study,we use several analysis techniques to assess soil moisture−atmosphere coupling in CmIP6 simulations including:instantaneous coupling indices;analysis of flux and atmospheric behaviour during dry spells;and a quantification of the preference for convection over drier *** these metrics we partition feedbacks into their atmospheric and terrestrial *** with previous global studies,we conclude substantial inter-model differences in the representation of soil moisture−atmosphere coupling,and that most models underestimate such *** on dry spell analysis,most models underestimate increased sensible heat during periods of rainfall *** example,the model-mean bias in anomalous sensible heat flux is 10 W m−2(≈25%)smaller compared to *** dry-spell sensible heat fluxes lead to a weaker atmospheric *** also find that most GCms fail to capture the negative feedback between soil moisture and deep *** poor simulation of feedbacks in CmIP6 experiments suggests that forecast models also struggle to exploit soil moisture−driven *** improve the representation of land−atmosphere feedbacks requires developments in not only atmospheric modelling,but also surface processes,as we find weak relationships between rainfall biases and coupling indexes.

关键词： model evaluation land-atmosphere feedbacks Tibetan Plateau precipitation surface energy balance

Can gene editing reduce postharvest waste and loss of fruit, vegetables, and ornamentals?

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 51-71页

作者： emma N.Shipman Jingwei Yu Jiaqi Zhou Karin Albornoz Diane m.Beckles Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Plant Biology Graduate Group University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Graduate Group of Horticulture&Agronomy University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Departamento de Produccion Vegetal Universidad de ConcepcionRegion del BioBioConcepcionChile

Postharvest waste and loss of horticultural crops exacerbates the agricultural problems facing humankind and will continue to do so in the next *** and vegetables provide us with a vast spectrum of healthful nutrients,and along with ornamentals,enrich our lives with a wide array of pleasant sensory *** commodities are,however,highly *** 33%of the produce that is harvested is never consumed since these products naturally have a short shelf-life,which leads to postharvest loss and *** loss,however,could be reduced by breeding new crops that retain desirable traits and accrue less damage over the course of long supply *** gene-editing tools promise the rapid and inexpensive production of new varieties of crops with enhanced traits more easily than was previously *** aim in this review is to critically evaluate gene editing as a tool to modify the biological pathways that determine fruit,vegetable,and ornamental quality,especially after *** provide brief and accessible overviews of both the CRISPR-Cas9 method and the produce supply ***,we survey the literature of the last 30 years,to catalog genes that control or regulate quality or senescence traits that are"ripe"for gene ***,we discuss barriers to implementing gene editing for postharvest,from the limitations of experimental methods to international *** conclude that in spite of the hurdles that remain,gene editing of produce and ornamentals will likely have a measurable impact on reducing postharvest loss and waste in the next 5-10 years.

关键词： crops editing harvest

Examination of the molecular control of ruminal epithelial function in response to dietary restriction and subsequent compensatory growth in cattle

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第1期8卷 107-118页

作者： emma O＇Shea Sinead m. Waters Kate Keogh Alan K. Kelly David A. Kenny School of Agriculture and Food Science University College DublinBelfield Dublin 4Ireland Animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre Teagasc Grange Dunsany Co Meath Ireland UCD Earth Institute University College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland

Background： The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary restriction and subsequent compensatory growth on the relative expression of genes involved in volatile fatty acid transport, metabolism and cell proliferation in ruminal epithelial tissue of beef cattle. Sixty Holstein Friesian bulls（mean liveweight 370 ± 35 kg;mean age 479 ± 15 d） were assigned to one of two groups：（i） restricted feed allowance（RES; n = 30） for 125 d（Period 1） followed by ad libitum access to feed for 55 d（Period 2） or（ii） ad libitum access to feed throughout（ADLIB; n = 30）. Target growth rate for RES was 0.6 kg/d during Period 1. At the end of each dietary period, 15 animals from each treatment group were slaughtered and ruminal epithelial tissue and liquid digesta harvested from the ventral sac of the rumen. Real-time q PCR was used to quantify m RNA transcripts of 26 genes associated with ruminal epithelial function. Volatile fatty acid analysis of rumen fluid from individual animals was conducted using gas ***： Diet × period interactions were evident for genes involved in ketogenesis（BDH2, P = 0.017）, pyruvate metabolism（LDHa, P = 0.048; PDHA1, P = 0.015） and cellular transport and structure（DSG1, P = 0.019; CACT, P = 0.027）. Ruminal concentrations of propionic acid（P = 0.018） and n-valeric acid（P = 0.029） were lower in RES animals, compared with ADLIB, throughout the experiment. There was also a strong tendency（P = 0.064）toward a diet × period interaction for n-butyric with higher concentrations in RES animals, compared with ADLIB, during Period ***： These data suggest that following nutrient restriction, the structural integrity of the rumen wall is compromised and there is upregulation of genes involved in the production of ketone bodies and breakdown of pyruvate for cellular energy. These results provide an insight into the potential molecular mechanisms regulating ruminal epithelial absorptive metabolism and growth following nutri

关键词： Beef cattle Compensatory growth Feed efficiency Nutrient restriction Rumen epithelium