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Exercise training improves long-term memory in obese mice

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life Metabolism 2024年第1期3卷 37-50页

作者： Oliver K.Fuller casey l.Egan Tina l.Robinson Nimna Perera Heidy K.latchman lauren V.Terry emma D.Mclennan carolina chavez emma l.Burrows John W.Scott Robyn M.Murphy Henriette van Praag Martin Whitham Mark A.Febbraio Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoria3052Australia la Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoria3086Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria3052Australia Department of Biomedical Sciences Charles E.Schmidt College of Medicineand Stiles-Nicholson Brain InstituteFlorida Atlantic UniversityJupiterFL 33458United States college of life and Environmental Sciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom

Obesity has been linked to a range of pathologies,including *** contrast,regular physical activity is associated with the prevention or reduced progression of ***,physical activity can improve memory and spatial cognition,reduce age-related cognitive decline,and preserve brain volume,but the mechanisms are not fully ***,we investigated whether any detrimental effects of high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obesity on cognition,motor behavior,adult hippocampal neurogenesis,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)could be mitigated by voluntary exercise training in male c57Bl/6 ***-induced impairment of motor function was not reversed by ***,voluntary wheel running improved long-term memory and increased hippocampal neurogenesis,suggesting that regular physical activity may prevent cognitive decline in obesity.

关键词： obesity exercise cognition

The Ornithodolite as a tool to quantify animal space use and habitat selection: a case study with birds diving in tidal waters

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第1期14卷 4-16页

作者： emma-louise cOlE James J WAGGITT Anders HEDENSTROM Marco PIANO Mark D.HOlTON luca BÖRGER Emily l.c.SHEPARD Department of Biosciences Swansea UniversitySwanseaUK School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeUK Department of Biology Lund UniversityEcology BuildingSweden centre for Applied Marine Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeUK

Animal-attached technologies can be powerful means to quantify space use and behavior;however,there are also ethical implications associated with capturing and instrumenting ***,tagging approaches are not necessarily well-suited for examining the movements of multiple individuals within specific,local areas of ***,we assess a method of quantifying animal space use based on a modified theodolite with an inbuilt laser *** a database of>4200 tracks of migrating birds,we show that detection distance in-creases with bird body mass(range 5 g to>10 kg).The maximum distance recorded to a bird was 5500 m and measurement error was≤5 m for targets within this distance range:a level comparable to methods such as GPS *** go on to present a case study where this method was used to assess habitat selection in seabirds operating in dynamic coastal waters close to a tidal *** positional data with outputs from a hydrographic model revealed that great cormorants(Phalacrocorax carbo)appeared to be highly selective of current characteristics in space and time,exploiting areas where mean current speeds werelent energy levels were *** birds also oriented into tidal currents during *** together,this suggests that collision risks are low for cormorants at this site,as the 2 conditions avoided by cormorants(high mean current speeds and turbulence levels)are associated with operational tidal ***-all,we suggest that this modified theodolite system is well-suited to the quantification of movement in small areas associated with particular development strategies,including sustainable energy devices.

关键词： GPS habitat use movement ecology seabird tidal turbine

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided portal pressure gradient identifies patients with previously undiagnosed clinically significant portal hypertension

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Portal Hypertension & cirrhosis 2024年第2期3卷 67-74页

作者： Jerome c.Edelson Scott F.D.Edelson John G.Quiles cyrus V.Edelson Eric M.Montminy christian l.Horn John P.Magulick Don c.Rockey Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Brooke Army Medical CenterFort Sam HoustonTexasUSA Department of Medicine Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMarylandUSA Department of Medicine Brooke Army Medical CenterFort Sam HoustonTexasUSA John H.Stroger Jr.Hospital of cook county ChicagoIllinoisUSA Digestive Disease Research center Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA

Aims:Portal hypertension(PH)is a complication of cirrhosis that leads to hepatic *** the portal pressure gradient(PPG)provides valuable information for disease assessment,staging,and *** this study,we aimed to report the utilization of endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided PPG(EUS-PPG)measurements in a real-world ***:This retrospective analysis included patients at a tertiary care center who underwent EUS-PPG between February 2021 and May *** most common indication was to establish or exclude the diagnosis of cirrhosis,followed by an assessment of surgical risk in the setting of suspected *** demographic and clinical data were collected,and statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t ***:Eighteen patients underwent *** success was achieved in 17 of the 18 *** complications were *** mean scores of child-Pugh,Model for End-Stage liver Disease-Sodium,and Fibrosis-4 scores were 5.1±0.5,9.0±3.0,and 3.7±4.5,*** the 18 patients,two presented with esophageal varices and six with portal hypertensive *** mean PPG was 5.8±4.5 mmHg,and five patients exhibited clinically significant PH(cSPH).Of the 18 patients,15 underwent concurrent EUS-liver biopsy,which was 100%successful and provided diagnostic histology for all *** PPG data led to changes in the clinical management of 17 ***:EUS-PPG is safe and technically *** child-Pugh score did not correlate well with the presence of cSPH;however,PPG measurements resulted in changes in the management of almost all *** studies correlating EUS-PPG with other assessments of liver diseases are required.

关键词： EUS portal hypertension portal pressure gradient

Impact of pre-existing cardiometabolic diseases on metastatic cancer stage at diagnosis:a prospective multinational cohort study

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cancer communications 2024年第5期44卷 593-597页

作者： Anna Jansana Aviane Auguste Marina Kvaskoff Agnès Fournier emma Fontvieille laia Peruchet-Noray carine Biessy Reynalda cordova Kristina Elin Nielsen Petersen Anne Tjoneland Verena Katzke Rudolf Kaaks Fulvio Ricceri Salvatore Panico Paolo contiero Maria-Jose Sánchez Jesus castilla Marta crous-Bou Alicia Heath Elom Kouassivi Aglago Elisabete Weiderpass Marc James Gunter Pietro Ferrari Elio Riboli Vivian Viallon Heinz Freisling International Agency for Research on cancer(IARc-WHO) LyonFrance Paris-Saclay University University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-YvelineUniversity Paris-SudFrench National Institute for Health and Medical Research(Inserm)Gustave Roussy“Exposome and Heredity”TeamCESPVillejuifFrance Department of Nutritional Sciences University of ViennaViennaAustria Danish cancer Society Research center CopenhagenDenmark Department of Public Health University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Division of cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research CentreHeidelbergGermany Department of clinical and Biological Sciences University of TurinTurinItaly Unit of Epidemiology Regional Health Service ASL TO3GrugliascoTurinItaly Department of clinical Medicine and Surgery Federico II UniversityNaplesItaly Environmental Epidemiology Unit Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(IRCCS)-Istituto Nazionale dei TumoriMilanItaly cancer Registry of Granada Institute for Biosanitary Research of Granada(ibs.GRANADA)GranadaSpain Epidemiology and control of chronic Diseases Group Epidemiology and Public Health Networking Biomedical Research CentreMadridSpain Navarra Public Health Institute PamplonaSpain Unit of Nutrition and cancer Cancer Epidemiology Research ProgramCatalan Institute of Oncology(ICO)-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute(IDIBELL)L’Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain Department of Epidemiology Harvard Tseng-Hsi Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthImperial College LondonSt Mary’s CampusNorfolk PlaceLondonUK

Owing to shared risk factors between cardiometabolic diseases(cMDs)and cancer,coupled with population aging,the lifetime risk of an individual developing cancer after a cMD is ***,biological mechanisms such as insulin resistance or inflammation may not only predispose individuals withcMDto an elevated risk of certain types of cancer but also to a diagnosis of cancer at an advanced stage[1,2].

关键词： diagnosis diseases cancer

clinical-based phenotypes in children with pediatric post-cOVID-19 condition

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第7期20卷 682-691页

作者： lieke c.E.Noij Jelle M.Blankestijn coen R.lap Marlies A.van Houten Giske Biesbroek Anke-Hilse Maitland-van der Zee Mahmoud I.Abdel-Aziz Johannes B.van Goudoever Mattijs W.Alsem caroline l.H.Brackel Kim J.Oostrom Simone Hashimoto Suzanne W.J.Terheggen-lagro Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Amsterdam UMCLocation AMCEmma Children’s HospitalAmsterdam University Medical CenterRoom G2-222Meibergdreef 91105AZAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Pulmonary Medicine Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Pediatrics Spaarne GasthuisHoofddorpThe Netherlands Department of Pediatrics Emma Children’s HospitalAmsterdam University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Amsterdam Movement SciencesMeibergdreef 9AmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Paediatric Pulmonology Department of PaediatricsTergooi MCHilversumThe Netherlands Department of child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial care Amsterdam UMCAmsterdam Reproduction and DevelopmentAmsterdamThe Netherlands

Background Pediatric post coronavirus disease 2019(cOVID-19)condition(PPcc)is a heterogeneous syndrome,which can significantly affect the daily lives of *** study aimed to identify clinically meaningful phenotypes in children with PPcc,to better characterize and treat this *** Participants were children with physician-diagnosed PPcc,referred to the academic hospital Amsterdam UMc in the Netherlands between November 2021 and March *** factors and information on post-cOVID symptoms,comorbidities,and impact on daily life were *** clusters were identified using an unsupervised and unbiased approach for mixed data *** Analysis of 111 patients(aged 3–18 years)revealed three distinct clusters within *** 1(n=62,median age=15 years)predominantly consisted of girls(74.2%).These patients suffered relatively more from exercise intolerance,dyspnea,and smell *** 2(n=33,median age=13 years)contained patients with an even gender distribution(51.5%girls).They suffered from relatively more sleep problems,memory loss,gastrointestinal symptoms,and *** 3(n=16,median age=11 years)had a higher proportion of boys(75.0%),suffered relatively more from fever,had significantly fewer symptoms(median of 5 symptoms compared to 8 and 10 for clusters 1 and 2 respectively),and experienced a lower impact on daily *** This study identified three distinct clinical PPcc phenotypes,with variations in sex,age,symptom patterns,and impact on daily *** findings highlight the need for further research to understand the potentially diverse underlying mechanisms contributing to post-cOVID symptoms in children.

关键词： Adolescents clusters long cOVID Pediatric Phenotypes Post-cOVID syndrome

Tight junctions in inflammatory bowel diseases and inflammatory bowel disease associated colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第11期22卷 3117-3126页

作者： Jonathan landy emma Ronde Nick English Sue K clark Ailsa l Hart Stella c Knight Paul J ciclitira Hafid Omar Al-Hassi IBD Unit St Mark's Hospital Harrow London HA1 3UJ United Kingdom Antigen Presentation Research Group Department of Immunology Imperial College London HA1 3UJ United Kingdom Department of Biosurgery and Surgical Technology Imperial College London HA1 3UJ United Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology The Rayne Institute St Thomas' Hospital London HA1 3UJ United Kingdom

Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterised by inflammation that compromises the integrity of the epithelial barrier. The intestinal epithelium is not only a static barrier but has evolved complex mechanisms to control and regulate bacterial interactions with the mucosal surface. Apical tight junction proteins are critical in the maintenance of epithelial barrier function and control of paracellular permeability. The characterisation of alterations in tight junction proteins as key players in epithelial barrier function in inflammatory bowel diseases is rapidly enhancing our understanding of critical mechanisms in disease pathogenesis as well as novel therapeutic opportunities. Here we give an overview of recent literature focusing on the role of tight junction proteins, in particular claudins, in inflammatory bowel diseases and inflammatory bowel disease associated colorectal cancer.

关键词： claudin Tight junction Ulcerative colitis Pouchitis crohn’ s disease

Monitoring magnesium degradation using microdialysis and fabric-based biosensors

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Science china Materials 2018年第4期61卷 643-651页

作者： M.Su Natasha Radha S.P.Malon Dedy H.B.Wicaksono emma P.córcoles Hendra Hermawan Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology Swiss German University Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-cNM) CSIC Campus UAB Department of Mining Metallurgical and Materials Engineering & CHU de Québec Research Center

This paper describes the development of a monitoring system capable of detecting the concentration of magnesium ions(Mg^(2+)) released during the degradation of magnesium implants. The system consists of a microdialysis probe that samples fluid adjacent to the implant and a catalytic biosensor specific to Mg^(2+)ions. The biosensor was fabricated on a cotton fabric platform, in which a mixture of glycerol kinase and glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase enzymes was immobilized on the fabric device via a simple matrix entrapment technique of the cotton fibers. Pure magnesium was used as the implant material. Subsequently, the concentration of ions released from the degradation of the magnesium specimen in Ringer's solution was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry technique. The device demonstrated a pseudo-linear response from 0.005 to 0.1 mmol l^(-1) with a slope of 67.48 μA mmol^(-1) l. Detectable interfering species were lesser than 1%indicating a high selectivity of the fabric device. Furthermore,the device requires only 3 μl of fluid sample to complete the measurement compared to spectroscopic method(±50 μl),hence providing a higher temporal resolution and reduced sampling time. The system could potentially provide a real time assessment of the degradation behavior, a new studied aspect in biodegradable metals research.

关键词： biodegradable metal biosensor fabric device magnesium microdialysis

Baseline effects of lysophosphatidylcholine and nerve growth factor in a rat model of sciatic nerve regeneration after crush injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第5期13卷 846-853页

作者： Ryan l.Wood Keaton S.Karlinsey Austin D.Thompson Mark N.Rigby Greggory D.Boatright William G.Pitt Beverly l.Roeder Scott c.Steffensen Alonzo D.cook Department of chemical Engineering Brigham Young University Neuroscience center Brigham Young University Department of Biology Brigham Young University Department of Psychology Brigham Young University

Schwann cells play a major role in helping heal injured nerves. They help clear debris, produce neurotrophins, upregulate neurotrophin receptors, and form bands of Büngner to guide the healing nerve. But nerves do not always produce enough neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors to repair themselves. Nerve growth factor（NGF） is an important neurotrophin for promoting nerve healing and lysophosphatidylcholine（lPc） has been shown to stimulate NGF receptors（NGFR）. This study tested the administration of a single intraneural injection of lPc（1 mg/ml for single lPc injection and 10 mg/ml for multiple lPc injections） at day 0 and one（day 7）, two（days 5 and 7）, or three（days 5, 7, and 9） injections of NGF（160 ng/ml for single injections and 80 ng/ml for multiple injections） to determine baseline effects on crush ed sciatic nerves in rats. The rats were randomly divided into four groups： control, crush, crush-NGF, and crush-lPc-NGF. The healing of the nerves was measured weekly by monitoring gait; electrophysiological parameters： compound muscle action potential（cMAP） amplitudes; and morphological parameters： total fascicle areas, myelinated fiber counts, fiber densities, fiber packing, and mean g-ratio values at weeks 3 and 6. The crush, crush-NGF, and crush-lPc-NGF groups statistically differed from the control group for all six weeks for the electrophysiological parameters but only differed from the control group at week 3 for the morphological parameters. The crush, crush-NGF, and crush-lPc-NGF groups did not differ from each other over the course of the study. Single injections of lPc and NGF one week apart or multiple treatments of NGF at 5, 7 and 9 days post-injury did not alter the healing rate of the sciatic nerves during weeks 1-6 of the study. These findings are important to define the baseline effects of NGF and lPc injections, as part of a larger effort to determine the minimal dose regimen of NGF to regenerate peripheral nerves.

关键词： lysophosphatidylcholine neurotrophic factor growth factor sciatic nerve crush peripheral nerve regeneration

Indicators of success for smart law enforcement in protected areas:A case study for Russian Amur tiger(Panthera tigris altaica)reserves

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第1期11卷 2-15页

作者： Michiel H.H.HÖTTE Igor A.KOlODIN Sergei l.BEREZNUK Jonathan c.SlAGHT linda l.KERlEY Svetlana V.SOUTYRINA Galina P.SAlKINA Olga Y.ZAUMYSlOVA emma J.STOKES Dale G.MIQUEllE Wildlife conservation Society BronxNew YorkUSA Phoenix Fund VladivostokRussian Federation Zoological Society of london Regent’s ParkLondonEngland Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik Primorskii KraiRussian Federation lazovskii State Nature Zapovednik Primorskii KraiRussian Federation Department of Ecology Far Eastern Federal UniversityAyaksRusski Island

Although considerable conservation resources have been committed to develop and use law enforcement monitoring and management tools such as SMART,measures of success are ill-defined and,to date,few reports detail results ***,we present 4 case studies from protected areas with Amur tigers(Panthera tigris altaica)in Russia,in which indicators of success were defined and evaluated at *** ultimate goal was an increase in tiger numbers to 1 individual/100 km^(2)at each *** predicted that improvements in law enforcement effectiveness would be followed by increases in prey numbers and,subsequently,tiger *** used short-term and long-term indicators of success,including:(i)patrol team effort and effectiveness;(ii)catch per unit effort indicators(to measure reductions in threats);and(iii)changes in target species *** addition to implementing a monitoring system,we focused on improving law enforcement management using an adaptive management *** 4 years,we noted clear increases in patrol effort and a partial reduction in *** we did not detect clear trends in ungulate numbers,tiger populations remained stable or increased,suggesting that poaching of tigers may be more limiting than prey *** effectiveness is needed before a clear reduction in threats can be noted,and more time is needed before detecting responses in target ***,delineation of concrete goals and indicators of success provide a means of evaluating progress and *** monitoring should be a central component of law enforcement strategies for protected areas.

关键词： adaptive patrol management Amur tiger anti-poaching law enforcement monitoring SMART