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Therapeutic approaches to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: past achievements and future challenges

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2013年第2期12卷 125-135页

作者： Jia Xiao Rui Guo Man Lung Fung emily c liong George L Tipoe Departments of Anatomy Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Gene and cell Engineering Research center Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Departments of Physiology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Research centre of Heart Brain Hormone and Healthy Aging CentreLi Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong

BAcKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver injury and mortality in Western countries and china. However, as to date, there is no direct and effective therapy for this disease. The aim of this review is to analyze the key progress and challenges of main current therapeutic approaches in NAFLD. DATA SOURcE: We carried out a PubMed search of English-language articles relevant to NAFLD therapy. RESULTS: There are two major therapeutic strategies for NAFLD treatment: (1) lifestyle interventions (including weight reduction, dietary modification and physical exercise) and (2) pharmaceutical therapies. Lifestyle interventions, particularly chronic and moderate intensity exercise, are the most effective and recognized clinical therapies for NAFLD. For pharmaceutical therapies, although their effects and mechanisms have been extensively investigated in laboratory studies, they still need further tests and investigations in clinical human trials. cONcLUSION: Future advancement of NAFLD therapy should focus on the mechanistic studies on cell based and animal models and human clinical trials of exercise, as well as the combination of lifestyle intervention and pharmaceutical therapy specifically targeting main signaling pathways related to lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation.

关键词： non-alcoholic fatty liver disease therapy pharmaceuticals exercise

A review of public health guidelines for postpartum physical activity and sedentary behavior from around the world

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 472-483,F0003页

作者： Kelly R.Evenson Wendy J.Brown Alison K.Brinson emily Budzynski-Seymour Melanie Hayman Department of Epidemiology Gillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599-8050USA Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine Bond UniversityGold CoastQLD 4226Australia School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Department of Anthropology University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599-3115USA carolina Population center University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599-8120USA Faculty of Sport Health and Social SciencesSolent UniversitySouthamptonSO140YNUK Appleton Institute School of HealthMedical and Applied SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQLD 4701Australia

Background:The period following pregnancy is a critical time window when future habits with respect to physical activity(PA) and sedentary behavior(SB) are established;therefore,it warrants *** purpose of this scoping review was to summarize public health-oriented country-specific postpartum PA and SB guidelines ***:To identity guidelines published since 2010,we performed a(a) systematic search of 4 databases(cINAHL,Global Health,PubMed,and SPORTDiscus),(b) structured repeatable web-based search separately for 194 countries,and(c) separate web-based *** the most recent guideline was included for each ***:We identified 22 countries with public health-oriented postpartum guidelines for PA and 11 countries with SB *** continents with guidelines included Europe(n=12),Asia(n=5),Oceania(n=2),Africa(n=1),North America(n=1),and South America(n=1).The most common benefits recorded for PA included weight control/management(n=10),reducing the risk of postpartum depression or depressive symptoms(n=9),and improving mood/well-being(n=8).Postpartum guidelines specified exercises to engage in,including pelvic floor exercises(n=17);muscle strengthening,weight training,or resistance exercises(n=13);aerobics/general aerobic activity(n=13);walking(n=11);cycling(n=9);and swimming(n=9).Eleven guidelines remarked on the interaction between PA and breastfeeding;several guidelines stated that PA did not impact breast milk quantity(n=7),breast milk quality(n=6),or infant growth(n=3).For SB,suggestions included limiting long-term sitting and interrupting sitting with ***:country-specific postpartum guidelines for PA and SB can help promote healthy behaviors using a culturally appropriate context while providing specific guidance to public health practitioners.

关键词： Breastfeeding caesarean section Guidelines Postnatal Recommendations

Artificial cavernosa-like tissue based on multibubble Matrigel and a human corpus cavernous fibroblast scaffold

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第3期26卷 260-267页

作者： Yu-Zhuo chen Yi-Hong Zhou Min-Bo Yan Ming Xiao Biao Liu Ying-Hao Yin Xiao-Li Tan Yong-Quan Huang Yu-Hong Lin Ting Xie Jia-Li Tian Qi Wang Jian-Ying Li Zi-Zhou Meng Zheng Li emily Xing Yu-Xin Tang Ya-Wei Li Zhong-Zhen Su Liang-Yu Zhao Department of Ultrasound The Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000China Department of Interventional Medicine Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical ImagingThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000China Department of Urology The Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000China Department of Andrology the Center for Men’s HealthUrologic Medical CenterShanghai Key Laboratory of ReproductiveMedicineShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200080China cedars-Sinai Medical center Los AngelesCA 90024USA

Ex vivo tissue culture of the human corpus cavernosum(cc)can be used to explore the tissue structural changes and complex signaling *** present,artificial cc-like tissues based on acellular or three-dimensional(3D)-printed scaffolds are used to solve the scarcity of primary penis tissue ***,inconvenience and high costs limit the wide application of such ***,we describe a simple,fast,and economical method of constructing artificial cc-like *** cc fibroblasts(FBs),endothelial cells(Ecs),and smooth muscle cells(SMcs)were expanded in vitro and mixed with Matrigel in specific proportions.A large number of bubbles were formed in the mixture by vortexing combined with pipette blowing,creating a porous,spongy,and spatial *** cc FBs produced a variety of signaling factors,showed multidirectional differentiation potential,and grew in a 3D grid in Matrigel,which is necessary for cc-like tissue to maintain a porous structure as a cell *** the c-like tissue,Ecs covered the surface of the lumen,and SMcs were located inside the trabeculae,similar to the structure of the primary *** cell components remained stable for 3 days in vitro,but the Ec content decreased on the 7th ***/integrated(WNT)signaling activation led to lumen atrophy and increased tissue fibrosis in cc-like tissue,inducing the same changes in characteristics as in the primary *** study describes a preparation method for human artificial cc-like tissue that may provide an improved experimental platform for exploring the function and structure of the cc and conducting drug screening for erectile dysfunction therapy.

关键词： artificial tissue corpus cavernosum ex vivo fibroblasts

Runoff sensitivity to climate changes in the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region （LRGR）： An example of the Longchuan Basin in the Upper Yangtze

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chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第B11期51卷 88-96页

作者： ZHU Yunmei LU Xixi ZHOU Yue liong Shie-Yui Department of Environmental Science Kunming University of Science & Technology Kunming 650093 China Department of Geography National University of Singapore 119260 Singapore Institute of Tropical Marine Science National University of Singapore 119260 Singapore

The sensitivity of runoff to the climate change in the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region (LRGR) in southwest china was investigated with a case study in the Longchuan Basin of the upper Yangtze River, where the climate change is more complex due to the influences from both global warming and local topography. Non-updating artificial neural networks were calibrated and validated at the baseline condition and were used to predict the response of runoff under 25 hypothetical climate scenarios, which were generated by adjusting the baseline temperature by -1, 0, 1, 2 and 3 degrees c and by scaling rainfall by 0%, +/-+/- 10% and +/- 20%. The results indicated that runoff is more sensitive to the increase in rainfall. The annual and seasonal runoff changes were determined by the interaction between temperature and rainfall. At seasonal scale, the direction of change in runoff is more determined by temperature in winter and spring; whereas it is more determined by rainfall in summer and autumn. The LRGR in southwest china may experience a higher frequency of floods in the wet season and more serious droughts in the dry season, if a wetter summer and warmer winter is the trend of future climate change, as predicted by many GcMs.

关键词：径流气候变化人工神经网络中国西南部水文学

Perception of Potential Health Risk of climate change and Utilization of Fans and Air conditioners in a Representative Population of Hong Kong

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第1期11卷 105-118页

作者： Yang Gao emily Y.Y.chan Holly c.Y.Lam Aiwei Wang Department of Sport and Physical Education Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina collaborating centre for Oxford University and cUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary CareThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

climate change, especially as reflected in heat waves, is a rising threat worldwide. Appropriate use of cooling devices can protect people from health impacts during a heat wave. A population-based telephone survey was conducted in a representative sample of residents in Hong Kong to investigate ownership and use of domestic cooling devices, identify correlates, and examine their associations with risk perception of potential health impact of climate change. More than 90% of the 1002 respondents owned and used cooling devices at home. The majority(57.7%) perceived the potential health risk of climate change at a high level. However, risk perception had no relationship with ownership and utilization of cooling devices. Old people(≥ 65 years), the low-educated, those with low income, and those with chronic diseases were more likely not to use air conditioners when feeling *** findings suggest that there are no signs showing people have taken more protective actions although half of respondents recognized climate change as a threat. Familial economic condition may be a major determinant in ownership and use of air conditioners at home. Old people and those with chronic diseases are at high risk of adverse exposure to climate change and therefore should be equipped with appropriate measures to use cooling devices.

关键词： climate change Domestic cooling device Heat wave health impact Hong Kong Risk perception

Towards precision medicine:advances in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine cancer biomarker discovery in liquid biopsy

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cancer communications 2019年第1期39卷 113-121页

作者： chang Zeng emily Kunce Stroup Zhou Zhang Brian c-Hchiu Wei Zhang Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611USA Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine680 N.Lake Shore Dr.Suite 1400ChicagoIL 60611USA Department of Public Health Sciences University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637USA The Robert H.Lurie comprehensive cancer center Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611USA Institute of Precision Medicine Jining Medical UniversityJining 272067ShandongP.R.China.

Robust and clinically convenient biomarkers for cancer diagnosis,early detection,and prognosis have great potential to improve patient survival and are the key to precision *** advent of next-generation sequencing technologies enables a more sensitive and comprehensive profiling of genetic and epigenetic information in tumor-derived *** are now able to monitor the dynamics of tumorigenesis in new dimensions,such as using circulating cell-free DNA(cfDNA)and tumor DNA(ctDNA).Mutation-based assays in liquid biopsy cannot always provide consistent results across studies due partly to intra-and inter-tumoral heterogeneity as well as technical *** contrast,epigenetic analysis of patient-derived cfDNA is a promising alternative,especially for early detection and disease surveillance,because epigenetic modifications are tissue-specific and reflect the dynamic process of cancer ***,cfDNA-based epigenetic assays are emerging to be a highly sensitive,minimally invasive tool for cancer diagnosis and prognosis with great potential in future precise care of cancer *** major obstacle for applying epigenetic analysis of cfDNA,however,has been the lack of enabling techniques with high sensitivity and technical *** this review,we summarized the advances in epigenome-wide profiling of 5-hydroxymethyl-cytosine(5hmc)in cfDNA,focusing on the detection approaches and potential role as biomarkers in different cancer types.

关键词： Liquid biopsy cell-free DNA Epigenetics cancer biomarker 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine

Spinal Motion Segments-Ⅰ:concept for a Subject-specific Analogue Model

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第4期17卷 747-756页

作者： constantinos Franceskides emily Arnold Ian Horsfall Gianluca Tozzi Michael cGibson Peter Zioupos Musculoskeletal and Medicolegal Research Group Cranfield Forensic InstituteCranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK Impact and Armour Group Centre for Defence EngineeringCranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK School of Engineering University of PortsmouthPortsmouthPO13DJUK centre for Simulation&Analytics Cranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK

Most commercial spine analogues are not intended for biomechanical testing,and those developed for this purpose are expensive and yet still fail to replicate the mechanical performance of biological ***-specific analogues that address these limitations and avoid the ethical restrictions surrounding the use of human cadavers are therefore *** present a method for the production and characterisation of biofidelic,patient-specific,Spine Motion Segment(SMS=2 vertebrae and the disk in between)analogues that allow for the biological variability encountered when dealing with real *** spine segments(L1-LA)were scanned by computed tomography,and 3D models were printed in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS).Four biological specimens and four ABS motion segments were tested,three of which were further segmented into two Vertebral Bodies(VBs)with their intervertebral disc(IVD).All segments were loaded axially at 0.6 mm·min-1(strain-rate range 6×10-4 s-1-10×10-4 s-1).The artificial VBs behaved like biological segments within the elastic region,but the best two-part artificial IVD were^15%less stiffthan the biological ***-speed images recorded during compressive loading allowed full-field strains to be *** compression of the spine motion segments,IVDs experienced higher strains than VBs as *** method allows the rapid,inexpensive and reliable production of patient-specific 3D-printed analogues,which morphologically resemble the real ones,and whose mechanical behaviour is comparable to real biological spine motion segments and this is their biggest asset.

关键词： spine bone analogue micro-cT 3D printing Digital Image correlation(DIc)

Spinal Motion Segments-Ⅱ:Tuning and Optimisation for Biofidelic Performance

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第4期17卷 757-766页

作者： constantinos Franceskides emily Arnold Ian Horsfall Gianluca Tozzi Michael cGibson Peter Zioupos Musculoskeletal and Medicolegal Research Group Cranfield Forensic InstituteCranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK centre for Defence Engineering Cranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK School of Engineering University of PortsmouthPortsmouthPO13DJUK centre for Simulation&Analytics Cranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK

Most commercially available spine analogues are not intended for biomechanical testing,and the few that are suitable for using in conjunction with implants and devices to allow a hands-on practice on operative procedures are very expensive and still none of these offers patient-specific analogues that can be accessed within reasonable time and price ***-made spine analogues would also avoid the ethical restrictions surrounding the use of biological specimens and complications arising from their inherent biological *** we sought to improve the biofidelity and accuracy of a patient-specific motion segment analogue that we presented *** models were made by acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS)in 3D printing of porcine spine segments(T12-L5)from microcT scan data,and were tested in axial loading at 0.6 ***-1(strain rate range 6×10^-4 s^-1-10×10^-4 s^-1).In this paper we have sought to improve the biofidelity of these analogue models by concentrating in improving the two most critical aspects of the mechanical behaviour:the material used for the intervertebral disc and the influence of the facet *** deformations were followed by use of Digital Image correlation(DIc)and consequently different scanning resolutions and data acquisition techniques were also explored and compared to determine their *** found that the selection of an appropriate intervertebral disc simulant(PT Flex 85)achieved a realistic force/displacement response and also that the facet joints play a key role in achieving a biofidelic behaviour for the entire motion *** have therefore overall confirmed the feasibility of producing,by rapid and inexpensive 3D-printing methods,high-quality patient-specific spine analogue models suitable for biomechanical testing and practice.

关键词： spine bone analogue micro-cT 3D printing Digital Image correlation(DIc)

Paths out of poverty:International experience

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第4期20卷 857-867页

作者： FAN Sheng-gen emily EunYoung cHO college of Economics and Management China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083P.R.China International Food Policy Research Institute WashingtonD.C.20005USA

The global community has committed,as the first priority of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),to end poverty in all its forms *** the decline of global poverty continues,progress has slowed and remains uneven through different parts of the *** ensure that no one is left behind in china and beyond,research will be critical to inform paths out of *** this regard,it is valuable to take stock of international experiences and the various pathways out of poverty with a focus on ***'s agricultural growth has been largely driven by land expansion and poverty reduction has been the slowest among all *** Asia agriculture has been led by diversification of smallholder agriculture and its poverty reduction impact has been large,but its future poverty reduction is limited by rural–urban migration and lack of formal jobs in urban *** protection programs have been used by many Latin American countries as the region is more urbanized than any other developing ***'s agricultural and economic success was driven by agriculture-led reforms and rural *** changes brought significantly higher incomes among rural residents,which accounted for highest initial levels of poverty and hunger,and in increased availability of food at affordable *** in nutrition,health,education,clean water,and good sanitation also complemented *** foremost lesson is that smallholder-led agriculture growth in land scarce countries often have the largest impact on poverty ***,nonfarm employment and rural–urban migration must follow once agricultural productivity has reached a certain ***,premature exiting from agriculture can do more ***,even before large scale poverty reduction through sectoral and regional development is exhausted,social safety nets must be established to cover those who have not benefited from growth and *** social safety nets hav

关键词： poverty agriculture food systems sustainable development agricultural transformation