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Using data from‘visible’populations to estimate the size and importance of‘hidden’populations in an epidemic:A modelling technique

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Infectious Disease modelling 2020年第1期5卷 798-813页

作者： Anna m.Foss Holly J.Prudden Kate m.mitchell michael Pickles Reynold Washington Anna E.phillips michel Alary marie-Claude Boily Stephen moses Charlotte H.Watts Peter T.Vickerman Department of Global Health and Development and Centre for mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine15-17 Tavistock PlaceLondonWC1H 9SHUK Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology School of Public HealthImperial College LondonMedical School BuildingSt Mary’s CampusNorfolk PlaceLondonW21PGUK St John’s Research Institute 100 Feet RoadJohn NagarKoramangalaBangalore560034KarnatakaIndia Department of Community Health Sciences Max Rady College of MedicineRady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaS113-750 Bannatyne AvenueWinnipegManitobaR3E 0W3Canada Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-UniversitéLaval 1050 Chemin Ste-FoyQuébec(Qc)G1S 4L8Canada Département de médecine sociale et préventive Facultéde médecineUniversitéLaval1050avenue de la MédecineQuébec(Qc)G1V 0A6Canada

We used reported behavioural data from cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women(mSm/TGW)in Bangalore,mainly collected from‘hot-spot’locations that attract mSm/TGW,to illustrate a technique to deal with potential issues with the representativeness of this sample.A deterministic dynamic model of HIV transmission was developed,incorporating three subgroups of mSm/TGW,grouped according to their reported predominant sexual role(insertive,receptive or versatile).Using mathematical modelling and data triangulation for‘balancing’numbers of partners and role preferences,we compared three different approaches to determine if our technique could be useful for inferring characteristics of a more‘hidden’insertive mSm subpopulation,and explored their potential importance for the HIV *** for 2009 across all three approaches suggest that HIV prevalence among insertive mSm was likely to be less than half that recorded in the surveys(4.5e6.5%versus 13.1%),but that the relative size of this subgroup was over four times larger(61e69%of all mSm/TGW versus 15%).We infer that the insertive mSm accounted for 10e20%of all prevalent HIV infections among urban males aged *** modelling can be used with data on‘visible’mSm/TGW to provide insights into the characteristics of‘hidden’mSm.A greater understanding of the sexual behaviour of all mSm/TGW is important for effective HIV *** broadly,a hidden subgroup with a lower infectious disease prevalence than more visible subgroups,has the potential to contain more infections,if the hidden subgroup is considerably larger in size.

关键词： HIV Infectious diseases mathematical modelling men who have sex with men Transgender women India

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采用Kalman滤波器的实时混合试验方法

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结构工程师 2011年第B01期27卷 52-56页

作者：史鹏飞吴斌 Billie F. Spencer, Jr. Brian m. phillips Chia-ming Chang 哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院黑龙江哈尔滨150090 美国伊利诺伊大学香槟建筑与环境工程学院伊利诺伊61801

等效力控制方法采用力反馈控制代替隐式积分方法中的迭代过程,从而使等效力控制方法在避免隐式积分方法的迭代过程的同时仍具有隐式积分方法的无条件稳定性。利用该力反馈控制,等效力控制方法还具有对实时子结构试验中的时滞进行补偿的... 详细信息

等效力控制方法采用力反馈控制代替隐式积分方法中的迭代过程,从而使等效力控制方法在避免隐式积分方法的迭代过程的同时仍具有隐式积分方法的无条件稳定性。利用该力反馈控制,等效力控制方法还具有对实时子结构试验中的时滞进行补偿的作用。但是,在实际的实时子结构试验中,能够影响等效力控制方法时滞补偿效果的因素有很多,噪声就是其中之一。本文研究了噪声对等效力控制方法稳定性的影响。提高等效力PID控制器的比例增益可对系统时滞起到补偿作用,但是当比例增益较大时,等效力反馈中的噪声会降低等效力控制方法的稳定性。为了对等效力反馈中的噪声进行滤波,本文采用了基于作动器模型设计的Kalman滤波器,并通过实时子结构实验方法对其滤波效果进行研究。研究结果表明此滤波器能够有效地过滤噪声,消除噪声对等效力控制方法稳定性的影响。

关键词：实时子结构实验等效力控制 Kalman滤波器磁流变阻尼器

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Prescription for Obesity: Eat Less and move more. Is It Really That Simple?

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Open Journal of Nursing 2014年第9期4卷 656-662页

作者： Karen m. Deck Beth Haney Camille F. Fitzpatrick Susanne J. phillips Susan m. Tiso Core Faculty Graduate Nursing Programs University of California Irvine Irvine CA USA

“Obesity is a disease.” This is the declaration by the American medical Association in June, 2013. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of options for patients who meet the criteria of obesity. Primary care nurse practitioners are urged to confront obesity head on, with early, individualized intervention to reduce associated morbidity and mortality. Options for weight loss and maintenance are abundant and often confusing or unattractive to the patient. Working with patients to achieve realistic, reasonable, and patient-tailored goals for weight loss and exercise programs are paramount to achieving a healthy weight and lifestyle.

关键词： Obesity management Options

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Impact of deforestation on habitat connectivity thresholds for large carnivores in tropical forests

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 214-224页

作者： miriam A.Zemanova Humberto L.Perotto-Baldivieso emily L.Dickins Andrew B.Gill John P.Leonard David B.Wester School of Energy Environment and AgrifoodCranfield UniversityCranfield MK430ALUK Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of BernBaltzerstrasse 63012 BernSwitzerland Caesar Kleberg Wildlife Research Institute Texas A&M University-Kingsville700 University Blvd.MSC 218KingsvilleTX 78363USA museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff mercado Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene MorenoAvenida Irala 565Santa Cruz de la SierraBolivia Hensmans Farm Nearton EndSwanbourne MK170SLUK Cape Eleuthera Institute EleutheraBahamas

Introduction:Deforestation significantly impacts large carnivores that depend on large tracts of interconnected forest habitat and that are sensitive to human *** the relationship between habitat use and spatial distribution of such species across human modified landscapes is critical when planning effective conservation *** study assessed the presence of potential landscape connectivity thresholds resulting from habitat fragmentation associated with different deforestation patterns using a scale-based approach that links species-specific home ranges with the extent of anthropogenic *** objectives were(1)to quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of natural vegetation for five common deforestation patterns and(2)to evaluate the connectivity associated with these patterns and the existence of potential thresholds affecting jaguar *** Bolivian lowlands,located within jaguar conservation units,were analysed with landscape metrics to capture the spatial and temporal changes within deforested areas and to determine potential impact on jaguar connectivity and connectivity thresholds for ***:Over the period of 1976–2005,the amount of natural vegetation has decreased by more than 40%in all locations with the biggest changes occurring between 1991 and *** spatial structure around jaguar locations showed that jaguars used areas with mean proportion of natural areas=83.14%(SE=3.72%),mean patch density=1.16 patches/100 ha(SE=0.28 patches/100 ha),mean patch area=616.95 ha(SE=172.89 ha)and mean edge density=705.27 m/ha(SE=182.19 m/ha).We observed strong fragmentation processes in all study locations,which has resulted in the connectivity of jaguar habitat decreasing tomentation and connectivity for carnivores within the extent of human-modified la

关键词： Bolivian lowlands Habitat fragmentation Landscape metrics Panthera onca Threshold

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庭园小景图集 1 1

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2001年

作者：（美）艾米莉·菲力普斯（emily phillips）刘德江曹首光译

本书分“预备篇”、“灵感篇”、“激情篇”和“照明篇”四部分，收录了“棚架玫瑰”、“踏地有声”、“园中烛光”、“湖畔流萤”等三十余个庭园小景设计方案。

ISBN: (纸本)7535927718

关键词：庭院学科:景观学科:环境设计景观环境设计

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庭园小景图集 2 1

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2001年

作者：（美）艾米莉·菲力普斯（emily phillips）刘德江曹首光译

本书分“栽培篇”和“欢乐篇”两部分，收录了“红杏出墙”、“特别的信箱”、“双层植物架”、“现代稻草人”等四十余个庭园小景设计方案。

ISBN: (纸本)7535927726

本书分“栽培篇”和“欢乐篇”两部分，收录了“红杏出墙”、“特别的信箱”、“双层植物架”、“现代稻草人”等四十余个庭园小景设计方案。

关键词：庭园装饰设计

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microfungi on Tamarix

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Fungal Diversity 2017年第1期82卷 239-306页

作者： Kasun m.Thambugala Dinushani A.Daranagama Alan J.L.phillips Timur S.Bulgakov Darbhe J.Bhat Erio Camporesi Ali H.Bahkali Prapassorn D.Eungwanichayapant Zuo-Yi Liu Kevin D.Hyde Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006GuizhouPeople’s Republic of China Centre of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand State Key Laboratory of mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesNo 31st West Beichen RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100101People’s Republic of China Faculty of Sciences Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute(BioISI)University of LisbonCampo Grande1749-016 LisbonPortugal Academy of Biology and Biotechnology Southern Federal UniversityRostov-on-Don344090 Rostov RegionRussia Formerly Department of Botany Goa UniversityGoaIndia Curca No.128/1–JAzad Housing SocietyGoa VelhaIndia A.m.B.Gruppo micologico ForliveseBAntonio Cicognani^ Via Roma 18ForlìItaly A.m.B.Circolo micologico BGiovanni Carini^ C.P.314BresciaItaly Department of Botany and microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box:2455Riyadh 1145Saudi Arabia

Tamarix species are small trees that grow in various natural habitats and have a wide geographic *** species previously found on Tamarix and recently collected in Italy and Russia were identified based on morphological characters and analyses of gene sequence *** sexual morph of the coelomycetous genus Homortomyces was collected for the first time and is described and illustrated.A new family,Homortomycetaceae(Dothideomycetes,families incertae sedis)is introduced to accommodate *** new genera Neomicrosphaeropsis(Didymellaceae)and Tamaricicola(Pleosporaceae)are introduced in this *** tamaricicola was recollected and is placed in Neomicrosphaeropsis based on morphology and molecular *** new species,Cytospora italica,***,Diaporthe ravennica,Eutypella tamaricis,Neomicrosphaeropsis italica,***,***,Keissleriella tamaricicola,Paracamarosporium tamaricis and Tamaricicola muriformis are introduced,while Alternaria tenuissima,Dothiorella sarmentorum,Neofusicoccum luteum,Paraepicoccum amazonense,Pleospora herbarum and Pseudocamarosporium propinquum are reported for the first time on Tamarix *** descriptions and ***-gene analyses show that Paraepicoccum amazonense should be placed in Pleosporineae,Pleosporales,where it is closely related to Camarosporium sensu *** herbarium specimens were studied to illustrate other fungal species recorded on Tamarix species.A comprehensive account of microfungi on Tamarix is provided,which includes a list with data from the literature,as well as those identified in the present *** taxonomic placement of most taxa discussed in this study is based on a modern taxonomic framework based on analysis of multi-gene sequence data.

关键词： Dothideomycetes Homortomycetaceae Incertae sedis New species Phylogeny Pleosporales Sordariomycetes Tamaricaceae Taxonomy

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moving fast, thinking fast:The relations of physical activity levels and bouts to neuroelectric indices of inhibitory control in preadolescents

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第4期8卷 301-314页

作者： Dominika m.Pindus Eric S.Drollette Lauren B.Raine Shih-Chun Kao Naiman Khan Daniel R.Westfall morgan Hamill Rebecca Shorin emily Calobrisi Dinesh John Arthur F.Kramer Charles H.Hillman Department of Kinesiology and Community Health University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA School of Health and Human Sciences University of North Carolina GreensboroGreensboroNC 6170USA Department of Psychology Northeastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Department of Health and Kinesiology Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Department of Health Sciences Northeastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Department of Physical Therapy Movement&Rehabilitation SciencesNortheastern UniversityBostonMA 02115USA

Background:Structured vigorous physical activity(VPA)can improve cognitive control in children,but studies relating daily physical activity(PA)to cognitive control have yielded conflicting *** objectively measured daily PA summarizes all occurrences of PA within a registered period,a minimum duration of continuous PA is required for registration of a PA *** brief bouts of high-intensity PA can account for a large proportion of children’s daily activity-related energy expenditure,this study assessed whether daily and bouted VPA were selectively related to cognitive control in preadolescents relative to other PA ***:A total of 75 children between the ages of 8 and 10 years(49%girls)wore an ActiGraph wGT 3 X+on the hip for 7 *** acceleration signal from the vertical axis was summarized over 1 s,5 s,and 15 s *** and boutecd modercate PA,moderate-to-vigorous PA,and VPA were *** bouts were expressed as the frequency and time spent in 2 different continuous PA bouts,one lasting≥10 s and the other lasting≥30 s at a given *** control was assessed using behavioral responses to a modified flanker task(mean reaction time(RTmean)and accuracy).Attentional resource allocation and co gnitive processing speed were measured using the amplitude and latency of the P3 component of event-related brain potentials,*** between PA,behavioral indices of inhibitory control,P3 amplitude,and latency were assessed using hierarchical regression ***:Daily VPA was not related to RTmean or accuracy on either congruent or incongruent *** contrast,more time spent in VPA bouts lasting≥30 s predicted shorter P3 latency across epochs and flanker congruencies(allβ≤-0.24,all p≤0.04).The associations between shorter P3 latency and the time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA bouts lasting≥30 s were less consistent and largely limited to congruent trials(congruent:β(-0.3 1,-0.34)).No significant asso

关键词： Accelerometry Bouts Children ERPs Inhibitory control P3 Physical activity

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Lymphocyte phenotypes in wild-caught rats suggest potential mechanisms underlying increased immune sensitivity in post-industrial environments

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2012年第2期9卷 163-174页

作者： Ashley m Trama Zoie E Holzknecht Anitra D Thomas Kuei-Ying Su Sean m Lee emily E Foltz Sarah E Perkins Shu S Lin William Parker Department of Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA Cardiff School of Biosciences Cardiff CFIO 3AX UK Department of Immunology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA

The immune systems of wild rats and of laboratory rats can been utilized as models of the human immune system in pre-industrial and post-industrial societies, respectively. In this study, lymphocyte phenotypes in wild rats were broadly characterized, and the results were compared to those obtained by us and by others using cells derived from various strains of laboratory rats. Although not expected, the production of regulatory T cells was not apparently different in wild rats compared to laboratory rats. On the other hand, differences in expression of markers involved in complement regulation, adhesion, signaling and maturation suggest increased complement regulation and decreased sensitivity in wild-caught rats compared to laboratory rats, and point toward complex differences between the maturation of T cells. The results potentially lend insight into the pathogenesis of post-industrial epidemics of allergy and autoimmune disease.

关键词： allergy autoimmunity biome hygiene immune regulation

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Overexpression of SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE-LIKE (SVL) in Populus delays onset and reduces abundance of flowering in field-grown trees

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 2404-2415页

作者： Greg S.Goralogia Glenn T.Howe Amy m.Brunner emily Helliwell michael F.Nagle Cathleen ma Haiwei Lu Amanda L.Goddard Anna C.magnuson Amy L.Klocko Steven H.Strauss Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Department of Biology University of Colorado Colorado SpringsColorado SpringsCOUSA

The spread of transgenes and exotic germplasm from planted crops into wild or feral species is a difficult problem for public and regulatory acceptance of genetically engineered plants,particularly for wind-pollinated trees such as *** report that overexpression of a poplar homolog of the floral repressor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE-LIKE(SVL),a homolog of the Arabidopsis mADS-box repressor SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE(SVP),delayed the onset of flowering several years in three genotypes of field-grown transgenic *** expression of SVL correlated with a delay in flowering onset and lower floral abundance,and did not cause morphologically obvious or statistically significant effects on leaf characteristics,tree form,or stem *** effects on reproductive and vegetative phenology in spring was modest and *** results suggest that use of SVL and related floral repressors can be useful tools to enable a high level of containment for vegetatively propagated short-rotation woody energy or pulp crops.

关键词： field planted crops

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