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Geographic variation in sexual selection and implications for speciation in the Barn Swallow

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Chinese Birds 2015年第1期5卷 30-42页

作者： elizabeth SC Scordato Rebecca j Safran Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology The University of Colorado

Barn Swallows(Hirundo rustica), a group of passerine birds comprised of six closely related subspecies, are well known throughout their nearly worldwide distribution, in part because of their close association with human settlements.A tractable species for both individual-based and population-level studies, Barn Swallows are a prominent model system in evolutionary, ecological, and behavioral research. Here we review work on sexual selection and population divergence in this species complex, focusing on comparative studies among populations and *** summarize variation in the targets of mate choice and in the information conveyed by sexually selected traits, and conclude that the benefits advertised by different traits may vary geographically. Finally, we consider the role of sexual selection as a driver of population divergence in this widespread and phenotypically variable species complex.

关键词： Barn Swallow Geographic variation Natural selection Sexual selection Speciation Tail streamers Ventral color

CHO cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity analyses of disinfection by-products： An updated review

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 64-76页

作者： elizabeth D.Wagner Michael j.Plewa Safe Global Water Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1101 W Peabody Dr. Urbana IL 61801 United States Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1101 W Peabody Dr. Urbana IL 61801 United States

The disinfection of drinking water is an important public health service that generates high quality, safe and palatable tap water. The disinfection of drinking water to reduce waterborne disease was an outstanding public health achievement of the 20 th *** unintended consequence is the reaction of disinfectants with natural organic matter,anthropogenic contaminants and bromide/iodide to form disinfection by-products（DBPs）.A large number of DBPs are cytotoxic, neurotoxic, mutagenic, genotoxic, carcinogenic and teratogenic. Epidemiological studies demonstrated low but significant associations between disinfected drinking water and adverse health effects. The distribution of DBPs in disinfected waters has been well defined by advances in high precision analytical chemistry. Progress in the analytical biology and toxicology of DBPs has been *** objective of this review was to provide a detailed presentation of the methodology for the quantitative, comparative analyses on the induction of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of103 DBPs using an identical analytical biological platform and endpoints. A single Chinese hamster ovary cell line was employed in the assays. The data presented are derived from papers published in the literature as well as additional new data and represent the largest direct quantitative comparison on the toxic potency of both regulated and emerging *** data may form the foundation of novel research to define the major forcing agents of DBP-mediated toxicity in disinfected water and may play an important role in achieving the goal of making safe drinking water better.

关键词： DBPs Mammalian cell cytotoxicity Mammalian cell genotoxicity

Unleashing strategies to mitigate methane emissions in rice fields and livestock systems

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Molecular Plant 2024年第12期17卷 1787-1790页

作者： Ezhilmathi Angela joseph Fernando Michael Selvaraj.jacobo Arango The Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture(CIAT) Km 17 Recta Cali-PalmiraApartado Aereo 6713763537 CaliColombia

The intense heatwaves of 2023 and 2024 underscored the serious health,food security,and well-being risks posed by extreme heat,emphasizing the urgent need to curb greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,especially methane(CH_(4)),which is 28 times more potent than carbon dioxide and primarily emitted through agriculture,fossil fuels,and waste(*** Protection Agency,2024).Cattle alone contribute approximately 231 billion pounds of CH_(4)annually,and rice cultivation is expected to increase by 9.9 billion tonnes by 2050(*** Protection Agency,2020).To effectively address this challenge,it is essential to balance microbial processes involved in CH_(4)production with sustainable agricultural practices—such as cultivating low-emission rice varieties,leveraging methanotrophs,and adopting efficient,low-methane livestock diets—as highlighted by the American Academy of Microbiology’s Microbes&Climate Change colloquium(2022).Achieving the COP28 Global CH_(4)Pledge’s 30%reduction goal by 2030 necessitates prioritizing these strategies.

关键词： methane annually livestock

Quantification of changes in zero valent iron morphology using X-ray computed tomography

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第11期25卷 2344-2351页

作者： Ping Luo elizabeth H.Bailey Sacha j.Mooney Division of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington CampusSutton Bonington

Morphological changes within the porous architecture of laboratory scale zero valent iron （ZVI） permeable reactive barriers （PRBs）, after exposure to different groundwater conditions, have been quantified experimentally for different ZVI/sand ratios （10%, 50% and 100%, W/W） with the aim of inferring porosity changes in field barriers. Column studies were conducted to simulate interaction with different water chemistries, a synthetic groundwater, acidic drainage and deionised （DI） water as control. Morphological changes, in terms of pore size and distribution, were measured using X-ray computed tomography （CT）. CT image analysis revealed significant morphological changes in columns treated with different water chemistries. For example, 100% ZVI （W/W） columns had a higher frequency of small pores （0.6 mm） was observed in ZVI grains reacted with typical groundwater, resulting in a porosity of 27%, compared to 32% when exposed to DI water. In comparison, ZVI grains treated with the acidic drainage had higher porosity （44%） and larger average pore size （2.8 mm）. 10% ZVI PRB barrier material had the highest mean porosity （56%） after exposure to any water chemistry whilst 100% ZVI （W/W） columns always had the lowest （34%） with the 50% ZVI （W/W） in between （40%）. These results agree with previously published PRB field data and simultaneously conducted geochemical monitoring and mass balance calculation, indicating that both the geochemical and hydraulic environment of the PRB play an important role in determining barrier lifespan. This study suggests that X-ray CT image analysis is a powerful tool for studying the detailed inter pores between ZVI grains within PRBs.

关键词： porosity change X-ray computer tomography mass balance permeable reactive barrier zero valent iron acidic drainage typical groundwater pore-clogging

Aging gracefully: social engagement joins exercise and enrichment as a key lifestyle factor in resistance to age-related cognitive decline

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第1期14卷 39-42页

作者： Tyler j.Dause elizabeth D.Kirby Department of Psychology The Ohio State University Department of Neuroscience The Ohio State University Chronic Brain Injury Program The Ohio State University

Cognitive impairment is a consequence of the normal aging process that effects many species, including humans and rodent models. Decline in hippocampal memory function is especially prominent with age and often reduces quality of life. As the aging population expands, the need for interventional strategies to prevent cognitive decline has become more pressing. Fortunately, several major lifestyle factors have proven effective at combating hippocampal aging, the most well-known of which are environmental enrichment and exercise. While the evidence supporting the beneficial nature of these factors is substantial, a less well-understood factor may also contribute to healthy cognitive aging: social engagement. We review the evidence supporting the role of social engagement in preserving hippocampal function in old age. In elderly humans, high levels of social engagement correlate with better hippocampal function, yet there is a dearth of work to indicate a causative role. Existing rodent literature is also limited but has begun to provide causative evidence and establish candidate mechanisms. Summed together, while many unanswered questions remain, it is clear that social engagement is a viable lifestyle factor for preserving cognitive function in old age. Social integration across the lifespan warrants more investigation and more appreciation when designing living circumstances for the elderly.

关键词： aging age-related cognitive decline social engagement hippocampus cognitive enrichment exercise memory neurogenesis

Adult neural stem cell plasticity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第2期14卷 256-257页

作者： elizabeth j.Sandquist Donald S.Sakaguchi Department of Zoology Weber State University Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology Iowa State University Neuroscience Program Iowa State University Nanovaccine Institute Iowa State University

Stem cells derived from adult tissues have long been consideredmultipotent, able to differentiate into a limited number of cell typesfound in their tissue of origin. Embryonic stem cells, in contrast,are pluripotent, which may differentiate into almost all cell *** the ability to create induced pluripotent stem cells from somaticcells now available, the properties of multipotent stem cellsare being re-evaluated. If adult cells may be reverted to pluripotentstem cells, can multipotent stem cells also be manipulated towardspluripotency? Advancements in biotechnology now allow for bettermethods to investigate stem cell plasticity, such as the relativeinfluence of external versus intrinsic factors on cell fate. Recentstudies indicate that adult neural stem cells (NSCs) demonstrategreater plasticity under certain conditions, resulting in the derivationof a variety of cell types including muscle, hematopoietic, andepithelial cells. This suggests that NSCs may provide a potentialsource of rare cell types for clinical application as an alternative toembryonic stem cells. Producing rare cell types from NSCs ratherthan embryonic stem cells avoids the ethical issues surrounding theuse of this cell type. Further, NSCs may be an advantageous sourcecompared to induced pluripotent stem cells, which are difficult tocreate, expensive, and time-consuming to

关键词： cells stem cell NSCs types

Managing Student Protest in Republican China： Yenching and St. john＇s Compared

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Frontiers of History in China 2013年第1期8卷 3-31页

作者： elizabeth j. Perry Department of Government Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA

Although similar in many respects, the two major Christian universities in Republican China adopted markedly different approaches to the common challenge of student nationalism. Case studies of the May Thirtieth Movement at St. john＇s University and the December Ninth Movement at Yenching University illustrate the consequences of these sharply contrasting experiences. Whereas St. john＇s was crippled by May Thirtieth, Yenching escaped December Ninth relatively unscathed. The explanation for the contrast, this paper suggests, lies not in any fundamental disagreement in the mission of the two universities or the philosophies of their famous and forceful presidents. It must be sought instead in the different campus cultures in which the student protests originated, and in the urban micro-environments in which the two universities were located： treaty-port Shanghai and post-imperial Peking.

关键词： student protest nationalism Christian universities higher education

Eggshell and environmental bacteria contribute to the intestinal microbiota of growing chickens

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第4期11卷 1245-1260页

作者： joel j.Maki elizabeth A.Bobeck Matthew j.Sylte Torey Looft Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit National Animal Disease CenterAgricultural Research ServiceUS Department of Agriculture1920 Dayton AveAmesIA 50010USA Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program Iowa State University|AmesIA 50011USA Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education ARS Research Participation ProgramOak RidgeTN 37830USA Department of Animal Science Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA.

Background: The initial intestinal microbiota acquired from different sources has profound impacts on animal health and productivity. In modern poultry production practices, the source(s) of the establishing microbes and their overall contribution during development of gastrointestinal tract communities are still unclear. Using fertilized eggs from two independent sources, we assessed the impact of eggshell-and environmental-associated microbial communities on the successional processes and bacterial community structure throughout the intestinal tract of chickens for up to 6 weeks ***: Culturing and sequencing techniques identified a viable, highly diverse population of anaerobic bacteria on the eggshell. The jejunal, ileal, and cecal microbial communities for the egg-only, environment-only, and conventionally raised birds generally displayed similar successional patterns characterized by increasing community richness and evenness over time, with strains of Enterococcus, Romboutsia, and unclassified Lachnospiraceae abundant for all three input groups in both trials. Bacterial community structures differed significantly based on trial and microbiota input with the exception of the egg-exposed and conventional birds in the jejunum at week 1 and the ileum at week 6. Cecal community structures were different based on trial and microbiota input source, and cecal short-chain fatty acid profiles at week 6 highlighted functional differences as ***: We identified distinct intestinal microbial communities and differing cecal short-chain fatty acid profiles between birds exposed to the microbiota associated with either the eggshell or environment, and those of conventionally hatched birds. Our data suggest the eggshell plays an appreciable role in the development of the chicken intestinal microbiota, especially in the jejunum and ileum where the community structure of the eggshellonly birds was similar to the structure of conventionally hatched birds

关键词： 16S rRNA gene Eggshell microbiota Environmental microbiota Hatching Intestinal colonization SCFA Succession

Gastro-intestinal toxicity of chemotherapeutics in colorectal cancer:The role of inflammation

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第14期20卷 3751-3761页

作者： Chun Seng Lee elizabeth j Ryan Glen A Doherty Centre for Colorectal Disease St. Vincent’s University Hospital School of Medicine and Medical Sciences University College Dublin

Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea(CID)is a common and often severe side effect experienced by colorectal cancer(CRC)patients during their *** chemotherapy regimens evolve to include more efficacious agents,CID is increasingly becoming a major cause of dose limiting toxicity and merits further *** is a key factor behind gastrointestinal(GI)toxicity of *** chemotherapeutic agents activate a diverse range of pro-inflammatory pathways culminating in distinct histopathological changes in the small intestine and colonic *** we review the current understanding of the mechanisms behind GI toxicity and the mucositis associated with systemic treatment of *** into the inflammatory response activated during this process gained from various models of GI toxicity are *** inflammatory processes contributing to the GI toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents are increasingly being recognised as having an important role in the development of anti-tumor immunity,thus conferring added benefit against tumor recurrence and improving patient *** review the basic mechanisms involved in the promotion of immunogenic cell death and its relevance in the treatment of colorectal ***,the impact of CID on patient outcomes and therapeutic strategies to prevent or minimise the effect of GI toxicity and mucositis are discussed.

关键词： Chemotherapy Diarrhea Side-effects Immunogenic cell death Pro-inflammatory cytokines