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Male courtship signal modality and female mate preference in the wolf spider Schizocosa ocreata: results of digital multimodal playback studies

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current Zoology 2019年第6期65卷 705-711页

作者： elizabeth c.kozak George W.UETZ Department of Biological Sciences University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHP.0.Box 260006USA45221-0006

Females must be able to perceive and assess male signals,especially when they occur simultaneously with those of other *** studies show female Schizocosa ocreata wolf spiders display receptivity to isolated visual or vibratory courtship signals,but increased receptivity to multimodal *** is unknown whether this is true when females are presented with a choice between simultaneous multimodal and isolated unimodal male *** used digital playback to present females with a choice simulating simultaneous male courtship in different sensory modes without variation in information content:1)isolated unimodal visual versus vibratory signals;2)multimodal versus vibratory signals;and 3)multimodal versus visual *** choosing between isolated unimodal signals(visual or vibratory),there were no significant differences in orientation latency and number of orientations,approaches or receptive displays directed to either *** given a choice between multimodal versus vibratory-only male courtship signals,females were more likely to orient to the multimodal stimulus,and directed significantly more orients,approaches and receptivity behaviors to the multimodal *** presented with a choice between multimodal and visual-only signals,there were significantly more orients and approaches to the multimodal signal,but no significant difference in female *** suggest that signal modes are redundant and equivalent in terms of qualitative responses,but when combined,multimodal signals quantitatively enhance detection and/or *** study confirms the value of testing preference behavior using a choice paradigm,as female preferences may depend on the context(e.g.,environmental context and social context)in which they are presented with male signals.

关键词： mate choice multimodal communication Schizocosa signaling wolf spider

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Role of(～(18)F)2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography in upper gastrointestinal malignancies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第46期17卷 5059-5074页

作者： elizabeth c Smyth Manish A Shah Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Weill Cornell Medical CollegeMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew York-Presbyterian Hospital

The role of whole-body FDG [(～(18)F)2-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose] positron emission tomography(PET)scan-ning as an imaging modality in the management of patients with malignancy has evolved enormously over the past two ***-PET has demonstrated signifi cant effi cacy in the staging,prognostication and detection of occult metastatic disease in malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract,in addition to assessment of the response to cytotoxic chemotherapy in a more timely manner than has traditionally been possible by more conventional imaging *** sensitivity and specif icity of FDG-PET for the detection and staging of malignancy depend not only on the site and size of the primary tumor and metastases,but also on histologi-cal cell type,reflecting underlying disparities in glucose *** metabolic response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy or to chemo-radiotherapy in cancers of the gastro-esophageal junction or stomach has been demonstrated in several prospective studies to correlate signifi cantly with both the histological tumor response to treatment and with consequent improvements in overall *** may offer a future paradigm ofpersonalized treatment based on the PET response to ***-PET has been less successful in efforts to screen for and detect recurrent upper gastro-intestinal malignancies,and in the detection of low vol-ume metastatic peritoneal *** to improve the accuracy of PET include the use of novel radiotrac-ers such as(～(18)F)FLT(3-deoxy-3-fluorothymidine)or 11c-choline,or fusion PET-cT with concurrent high-res-olution computed *** review focuses on the role of FDG-PET scanning in staging and response assessment in malignancies of the upper gastrointesti-nal tract,specif ically gastric,esophageal and pancreas carcinoma.

关键词： Positron emission tomography Gastric cancer Esophageal cancer Pancreas cancer

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Operable gastro-oesophageal junctional adenocarcinoma: Where to next?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2014年第6期6卷 145-155页

作者： elizabeth c Smyth David cunningham Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Royal Marsden Hospital

Oesophageal junctional adenocarcinoma is a challeng-ing and increasingly common disease. Optimisation ofpre-operative staging and consolidation of surgery inlarge volume centres have improved outcomes, howev-er the preferred adjunctive treatment approach remainsa matter of debate. This review examines the benefitsof neoadjuvant, peri-operative, and post-operative che-motherapy and chemoradiotherapy in this setting in anattempt to reach an evidence based conclusion. Recentfindings relating to the molecular characterisation ofoesophagogastric cancer and their impact on therapeu-tics are explored, in addition to the potential benefitsof fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography(FDG-PET) directed therapy. Finally, efforts to decreasethe incidence of junctional adenocarcinoma using earlyintervention in Barrett's oesophagus are discussed,including the roles of screening, endoscopic mucosalresection, ablative therapies and chemoprevention.

关键词： Oesophageal adenocarcinoma Junctional adenocarcinoma Gastric adenocarcinoma Peri-operative chemotherapy Pre-operative chemoradiotherapy Molecular profiling Fluoro-deoxyglucose-positron emission tomography Barrett's oesophagus chemoprevention

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Emerging molecular targets and therapy for cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2017年第7期9卷 268-280页

作者： Hamzeh Kayhanian elizabeth c Smyth chiara Braconi Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Royal Marsden Hospital London and Surrey SM2 5PT Institute of cancer Research London and Surrey SM2 5PT

cholangiocarcinoma(ccA) is a rare cancer arising from the biliary tree with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Recent large scale molecular characterisation studies have identified recurrent genetic alterations in ccA which may be amenable to therapeutic targeting. In this review we explore the genomic landscape of ccA and examine results from trials of molecularly targeted agents and immunotherapy in this disease. challenges in ccA diagnosis, treatment and trial design are discussed and we reflect on future directions which may lead to improved outcomes for ccA patients.

关键词： cholangiocarcinoma Biliary tract cancer Targeted therapy immunotherapy Mutation Molecular Microenvironment Stroma MiRNA

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Landscape Genetics of Plants: challenges and Opportunities

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Plant communications 2020年第6期1卷 43-57页

作者： Mitchell B.cruzan elizabeth c.Hendrickson Department of Biology Portland State UniversityPO Box 751PortlandOR 97207USA

Dispersal is one of the most important but least understood processes in plant ecology and evolutionary *** of seeds maintains and establishes populations,and pollen and seed dispersal are responsible for gene flow within and among *** views of dispersal and gene flow assume models that are governed solely by geographic distance and do not account for variation in dispersal vector behavior in response to heterogenous *** genetics integrates population genetics with Geographic Information Systems(GIS)to evaluate the effects of landscape features on gene flow patterns(effective dispersal).Surprisingly,relatively few landscape genetic studies have been conducted on *** present advantages because their populations are stationary,allowing more reliable estimates of the effects of landscape features on effective dispersal *** the other hand,plant dispersal is intrinsically complex because it depends on the habitat preferences of the plant and its pollen and seed dispersal *** discuss strategies to assess the separate contributions of pollen and seed movement to effective dispersal and to delineate the effects of plant habitat quality from those of landscape features that affect vector *** analyses of seed dispersal for three species indicate that isolation by landscape resistance is a better predictor of the rates and patterns of dispersal than geographic *** of effective dispersal are lower in areas of high plant habitat quality,which may be due to the effects of the shape of the dispersal kernel or to movement behaviors of biotic *** genetic studies in plants have the potential to provide novel insights into the process of gene flow among populations and to improve our understanding of the behavior of biotic and abiotic dispersal vectors in response to heterogeneous landscapes.

关键词： effective dispersal cpDNA ResistanceGA circuitscape geographic information systems(GIS) ecological niche modeling(ENM)

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Delayed assessment and eager adoption of laparoscopic cholecystectomy:Implications for developing surgical technologies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第33期16卷 4115-4122页

作者： Alexander c Allori I Michael Leitman elizabeth Heitman Department of Surgery Beth Israel Medical Center center for Biomedical Ethics and Society Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Despite the prevailing emphasis in the medical literature on establishing evidence,many changes in the practice of surgery have not been achieved using proper evidence-based *** paper examines the adoption of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(Lc)into regular use for the treatment of cholecystitis and the process of its acceptance,focusing on the limited role of technology assessment in its appraisal.A review of the published medical literature concerning Lc was *** 3000 studies of Lc have been conducted since 1985,and there have been nearly 8500 publications to *** Lc was adopted enthusiastically into practice,the results of outcome studies generally showed that it compared favorably with the traditional,open cholecystectomy with regard to mortality,complications,and length of hospital ***,despite the rapid general agreement on surgical technique,efficacy,and appropriateness,there remained lingering doubts about safety,outcomes,and cost of the procedure that suggested that essential research questions were ignored even as the procedure became *** Lc as a case study,there are important lessons to be learned about the need for important guidelines for surgical innovation and the adoption of minimally invasive surgical techniques into current clinical and surgical *** highlight one recent example,natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery and how necessary it is to properly evaluate this new technology before it is accepted as a safe and effective surgical option.

关键词： Laparoscopy Endoscopy Minimally invasive surgery cholecystectomy Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery Evidence-based medicine Technol- ogy assessment comparative effectiveness research

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Effects of polydimethylsiloxane membrane surface treatments on human uterine smooth muscle cell strain response

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Bioactive Materials 2024年第2期32卷 415-426页

作者： elizabeth E.Marr Brett c.Isenberg Joyce Y.Wong Boston University Division of Materials Science and EngineeringUnited States charles Stark Draper Laboratory Bioengineering DivisionUnited States Boston University Department of Biomedical EngineeringUnited States

In the United States,1 in 10 infants are born *** majority of neonatal deaths and nearly a third of infant deaths are linked to preterm *** birth is initiated when the quiescent state of the uterus ends prematurely,leading to contractions and parturition beginning as early as 32 weeks,though the origins are not well *** enable research and discovery of therapeutics with potential to better address preterm birth,the capability to study isolated cell processes of pregnant uterine tissue in vitro is *** development of an in vitro model of the myometrium utilizing human uterine smooth muscle cells(uSMcs)responsible for contractions provides a methodology to examine cellular mechanisms of late-stage pregnancy potentially involved in preterm *** discuss culture of uSMcs on a flexible polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)substrate functionalized with cationic poly-L-lysine(PLL),followed by extracellular matrix(EcM)protein *** work exploring uSMc behavior on PDMS substrates have utilized collagen-I coatings,however,we demonstrated the first exploration of human uSMc response to strain on fibronectin-coated flexible membranes,importantly reflecting the significant increase of fibronectin content found in the myometrial EcM during late-stage *** the model we developed,we conducted proof-of-concept studies to investigate the impact of substrate strain on uSMc cell morphology and gene *** was found that PLL and varied EcM protein coatings(collagen I,collagen III,and fibronectin)altered cell nuclei morphology and density on PDMS ***,varied strain rates applied to uSMc substrates significantly impacted uSMc gene expression of IL-6,a cytokine associated with instances of preterm *** results suggest that both surface and mechanical properties of in vitro systems impact primary human uSMc phenotype and offer uSMc culture methodologies that can be utilized to further the understanding of cellu

关键词： Uterine Myometrium Bioengineered in vitro models Strain Pregnancy Nuclei Interleukin 6 Preterm labor

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Task sharing: situation analysis about capacity and resources for management of diabetic retinopathy in Pakistan

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第5期12卷 809-814页

作者： Mufarriq Shah Ayesha Noor c Alex Harper Jill elizabeth Keeffe Pakistan Institute of community Ophthalmology Hayatabad Medical Complex Vision and Dental care clinic centre for Eye Research Australia Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Melbourneand Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital LV Prasad Eye Institute

AIM: To assess the capacity and resources of eye care facilities, using the WHO Health Systems Framework, to manage diabetic retinopathy(DR) through task ***: Using purposive sampling, four participants(administrators) from four selected hospitals in two provinces in Pakistan were recruited for this cross-sectional study. A survey, to assess the capacity and resources of the selected eye care facilities for the feasibility to adopt task sharing in management of DR to prevent vision loss, was emailed to participants who were asked to complete. Responses to open-ended questions were entered into a Microsoft Excel spread sheet and inductive approach was applied for ***: All the surveyed eye care facilities offer eye care services for people with diabetes and DR. All surveyed eye care facilities have a shortage in the number of human resources across all cadres. Optometrists and mid-level eye care workers did not have active roles in DR screening and management in all four hospitals. All the hospitals surveyed did not have a computerized record management system for patients who visit ophthalmologists for eye examinations. Equipment for detection and management of DR were short in number and main users were ophthalmologists. There was no policy for population-based screening program for detection of DR in any of the surveyed ***: A system-based approach to manage DR is needed. The capacity of eye care facilities and the potential to improve access of people with diabetes to eyecare services can be enhanced through implementation of task sharing.

关键词： task sharing capacity diabetes diabetic retinopathy Pakistan

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Behavioral syndromes in paper wasps: Links between social and non-social personality in Polistes fuscatus

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current Zoology 2024年第5期70卷 659-667页

作者： Fatima W.Joma Emily c.Laub elizabeth A.Tibbetts Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan1105 N University AveAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Although much work has focused on non-social personality traits such as activity, exploration, and neophobia, there is a growing appreciationthat social personality traits play an important role in group dynamics, disease transmission, and fitness and that social personality traits maybe linked to non-social personality traits. These relationships are important because behavioral syndromes, defined here as correlated behavioral phenotypes, can constrain evolutionary responses. However, the strength and direction of relationships between social and non-socialpersonality traits remain unclear. In this project, we examine social and non-social personality traits, and the relationships between them, in thepaper wasp Polistes fuscatus. With a novel assay, we identify 5 personality traits, 2 non-social (exploration and activity), and 3 social (aggression, affiliation, and antennation) personality traits. We also find that social and non-social personality traits are phenotypically linked. We find apositive correlation between aggression and activity and a negative correlation between affiliation and activity. We also find a positive correlation between exploration and activity. Our work is an important step in understanding how phenotypic linkage between social and non-socialbehaviors may influence behavioral evolution. As a burgeoning model system for the study of genetic and neurobiological mechanisms of socialbehavior, Polistes fuscatus has the potential to add to this work by exploring the causes and consequences of individual behavioral variation.

关键词： behavioral syndrome paper wasp personality.

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Fertility,genome stability,and homozygosity in a diverse set of resynthesized rapeseed lines

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The crop Journal 2023年第2期11卷 468-477页

作者： elizabeth Ihien Katche Antje Schierholt Heiko c.Becker Jacqueline Batley Annaliese S.Mason Plant Breeding Department The University of Bonn53115 BonnGermany Department of Plant Breeding Justus Liebig University35392 GiessenGermany Department of crop Sciences Division of Plant Breeding MethodologyGeorg-August University Göttingen37073 GöttingenGermany School of Biological Sciences The University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia

Rapeseed(Brassica napus,AAcc)was formed by hybridization between progenitor species Brassica rapa(AA)and Brassica oleracea(cc).As a result of a limited number of hybridization events between specific progenitor genotypes and strong breeding selection for oil quality traits,rapeseed has limited genetic *** production of resynthesized *** lines via interspecific hybridization of the diploid progenitor species *** and *** is one possible way to increase genetic variation in ***,most resynthesized lines produced so far have been reported to be meiotically unstable and infertile,in contrast to established *** *** hinders both maintenance and use of this germplasm in breeding *** characterized a large set of 140 resynthesized lines produced by crosses between *** and ***,as well as between *** and wild c genome species(***,***,***,***,*** and ***)for purity(homozygosity),fertility,and genome ***-pollinated seed set,seeds per ten pods as well as percentage pollen viability were used to estimate *** genotyping was performed using the Illumina Infinium Brassica 60K array for 116 genotypes,with at least three individuals per *** of the material which had been advanced through multiple generations was no longer pure,with heterozygosity detected corresponding to unknown parental contributions via *** and genome stability were both *** lines had high numbers of copy number variants(cNVs),indicative of meiotic instability,and high numbers of cNVs were significantly associated with reduced *** putatively stable resynthesized *** lines were *** investigation of these lines may reveal the mechanisms underlying this *** results suggest that selection of stable resynthesized lines for breeding purposes is possible.

关键词： Fertility Genome stability copy number variants SNP genotyping Resynthesized lines

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