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Science Fiction as a Manifestation of Culture in America

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外国文学研究 2005年第6期27卷 41-47页

作者： elizabeth Anne Hull William Rainey Harper College USA

Culture is broadly viewed as all the human activities that define us as a species. ″Sturgeon’s Law″ (that 90% of everything is inferior) is introduced to defend the study of fiction, and science fiction in particular, in higher education as a way of understanding ourselves better, and perhaps improving the world through the increased understanding of tomorrow’s leaders. Several ways of reading particular works of science fiction are examined, like providing historical contexts for readers, close reading and structural analysis, and application of theories based on particular ideologies or from other disciplines in the social and political sciences (such as feminist theory, Marxist theory, psychological theory, etc.). A conclusion is drawn that for literary analysis, a hybrid methodology, one devised individually for each text, works best.

关键词：科学小说美国文学研究文化背景

Assessment of Mg(OH)_(2)/TiO_(2) coating in the Mg-Ca-Zn alloy for improved corrosion resistance and antibacterial performance

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第1期11卷 361-378页

作者： Leonardo Hernández Jesús Ramón-Sierra Montserrat Soria-Castro Ángel Bacelis Geonel Rodríguez-Gattorno elizabeth Ortiz-Vázquez Gloria Acosta Applied Physics Department Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute(CINVESTAV-IPN)Carr.Ant.a Progreso km.6C.P.97310MeridaYucatanMexico Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Mérida.Av.Tecnológico s/n Km.4.5 ant.Carr.Mérida-Progreso C.P.97118MéridaYucatánMéxico Facultad de Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(UNAM)Av.Universidad 3000C.P.04510CoyoacánCDMXMéxico

The high activity of metallic magnesium and alloys limits its potential in biomedical applications;in recent years,extensive efforts have been devoted to modulating this *** this work,we present Mg(OH)_(2) and TiO_(2)barrier coatings to reduce the degradation of magnesium alloy(Mg-Ca-Zn)*** coatings were deposited by the anodization method and the spin-coating technique,*** anodized layer was coated with TiO_(2)generated from the hydrolysis of 3%weight of TTIP(Ti[OCH(CH_(3))_(2)]_(4),Titanium(IV)isopropoxide)in 2-Propanol deposited by the spin-coating *** the degradation in Ringer’s solution by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and OCP revealed a 98%reduction in pittings in uncoated samples after 14 days of *** p H measurements revealed that the TiO_(2)coating reduced the alkalization of the physiological environment,keeping the pH at 6.0 *** vitro studies of two types of bacteria(*** and ***)exhibited zones of inhibition in the agar and activity bactericidal(kill time test).The mechanisms behind the improved degradation resistance and enhanced antibacterial activity are presented and discussed *** modification with Mg(OH)_(2)/TiO_(2)coatings is a promising strategy to control the biodegradation of magnesium implants for bone regeneration.

关键词： Magnesium alloy EIS Mg(OH)_(2) TiO_(2) Antibacterial coatings

Sclerostin antibody improves alveolar bone quality in the Hyp mouse model of X-linked hypophosphatemia

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International Journal of Oral Science 2023年第4期15卷 640-648页

作者： Kelsey A.Carpenter Delia O.Alkhatib Bryan A.Dulion elizabeth Guirado Shreya Patel Yinghua Chen Anne George Ryan D.Ross Department of Anatomy&Cell Biology Rush University Medical CenterChicagoILUSA Department of Oral Biology The University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA Department of Orthopedic Surgery Rush University Medical CenterChicagoILUSA Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity Rush University Medical CenterChicagoILUSA

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare disease of elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) production that leads tohypophosphatemia and impaired mineralization of bone and teeth. The clinical manifestations of XLH include a high prevalence ofdental abscesses and periodontal disease, likely driven by poorly formed structures of the dentoalveolar complex, including thealveolar bone, cementum, dentin, and periodontal ligament. Our previous studies have demonstrated that sclerostin antibody (SclAb) treatment improves phosphate homeostasis, and increases long bone mass, strength, and mineralization in the Hyp mousemodel of XLH. In the current study, we investigated whether Scl-Ab impacts the dentoalveolar structures of Hyp mice. Male andfemale wild-type and Hyp littermates were injected with 25 mg·kg−1 of vehicle or Scl-Ab twice weekly beginning at 12 weeks of ageand euthanized at 20 weeks of age. Scl-Ab increased alveolar bone mass in both male and female mice and alveolar tissue mineraldensity in the male mice. The positive effects of Scl-Ab were consistent with an increase in the fraction of active(nonphosphorylated) β-catenin, dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) and osteopontin stained alveolar osteocytes. Scl-Ab had no effecton the mass and mineralization of dentin, enamel, acellular or cellular cementum. There was a nonsignificant trend towardincreased periodontal ligament (PDL) attachment fraction within the Hyp mice. Additional PDL fiber structural parameters were notaffected by Scl-Ab. The current study demonstrates that Scl-Ab can improve alveolar bone in adult Hyp mice.

关键词： alveolar impaired elevated

Exploring the Negative Perceptions Influencing the Refusal of Flu Vaccination in the Older Adult Aged Greater than 60 Years Old: A Qualitative Systematic Review

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第10期10卷 55-83页

作者： Wa Kit Yu elizabeth Puffett Oxford Institute of Nursing Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR) Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Oxford Brookes University Oxford The United Kingdom

Aim: To review and investigate the negative perceptions influencing the refusal of flu vaccination in the older adult population age older than 60-year-old. Methods: This literature review focus on the qualitative studies or qualitative data from the mix-design research. A structural search of databases was performed for qualitative studies or mix-design research containing qualitative methods which were published in English between 2011 and 2021. There are eight studies selected in total, including 6 pure qualitative studies and 2 mixed-design studies with qualitative research methods. Only the qualitative data would be analyzed during this literature review. Results: Five descriptive themes emerged: “Insufficient promotion for influenza vaccination by healthcare professionals”, “Anti-vaccination influence”, “Insufficient local policies for encouraging influenza vaccination in elders”, “The negative personal experience of influenza vaccination” and “The negative perception of influenza vaccination from social network”. And one analytical theme was developed: “The cultural influence of influenza vaccination”. “Anti-vaccination influence” was the most significant theme out of the others, as this theme contained the greatest number of correlations to the other themes. Discussion: The six themes synthesized from the reviewed studies have correlations between them. The theme of anti-vaccine influence was the most significant theme with the evidence of the greatest number of correlations with the other theme. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors strengthen the effect of anti-vaccine perception in older adults, leading to refusal of influenza vaccination in older people population. Conclusion: The government should design new strategies for promoting influenza vaccination among older adults and acknowledge their needs culturally and financially. The cooperation of alternative medicine and mainstream western medicine maybe help for promoting influenza vaccination among old

关键词： Perceptions Flu Vaccine Elder Refuse

The~1.4 GaA-type granitoids in the“Chottanagpur crustal block”(India),and its relocation from Columbia to Rodinia?

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第2期13卷 405-429页

作者： Nicole Sequeira Abhijit Bhattacharya elizabeth Bell Department of Geology and Geophysics Indian Institute of TechnologyKharagpur 721302India Department of Earth Planetary and Space SciencesUniversity of California595 Charles Young Drive EastLos AngelesCA 90095-1567USA School of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesGoa UniversityTaleigaoGoa 403516India

In paleogeographic reconstructions of the Columbia and Rodinia Supercontinents,the position of the Greater India landmass is ***,coupled with a limited understanding of the tectonic evolution of the mobile belts along which the mosaic of crustal domains in India accreted,impedes precise correlation among the dispersed crustal fragments in supercontinent *** structural,metamorphic phase equilibria,chronological and geochemical investigations,this study aims to reconstruct the tectonic evolution of the Chottanagpur Gneiss Complex(CGC)as a distinct crustal block at the eastern end of the Greater Indian Proterozoic Fold Belt(GIPFOB)along which the North India Block(NIB)and the South India Block(SIB)*** study focuses on two issues,*** the Early Neoproterozoic(0.92 Ga)accretion of the CGC with the NIB contemporaneous with the assembly of Rodinia,and documenting the widespread(>24,000 km^(2))plutonism of1.5-1.4 Ga weakly peraluminous,calc-alkalic to alkali-calcic and ferroan A-type granitoids(±garnet)devoid of mafic microgrannular enclaves and coeval mafic emplacements in the crustal *** dominantly within-plate granitoids arguably formed by asthenospheric upwelling induced partial melting of garnetbearing anatectic quartzofeldspathic gneisses that dominate the Early Mesoproterozoic basement of the *** major and trace element chemistry of the granitoids is similar to the 1.35-1.45 Ga A-type granitoids in Laurentia/Amazonia emplaced contemporaneous with the 1.5-1.3 Ga breakup of the Columbia *** study suggests the Chottanagpur Gneiss Complex occured as a fragmented crustal block following the breakup of the Columbia Supercontinent;the crustal block was subsequently integrated within India during the Early Neoproterozoic oblique accretion between the NIB and SIB contemporaneous with the Rodinia Supercontinent assembly.

关键词： Chottanagpur Gneiss Complex Rodinia accretion Columbia Supercontinent break up Mid-Mesoproterozoic ferroan A-type granitoids

Role of(～(18)F)2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography in upper gastrointestinal malignancies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第46期17卷 5059-5074页

作者： elizabeth C Smyth Manish A Shah Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Weill Cornell Medical CollegeMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew York-Presbyterian Hospital

The role of whole-body FDG [(～(18)F)2-fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose] positron emission tomography(PET)scan-ning as an imaging modality in the management of patients with malignancy has evolved enormously over the past two ***-PET has demonstrated signifi cant effi cacy in the staging,prognostication and detection of occult metastatic disease in malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract,in addition to assessment of the response to cytotoxic chemotherapy in a more timely manner than has traditionally been possible by more conventional imaging *** sensitivity and specif icity of FDG-PET for the detection and staging of malignancy depend not only on the site and size of the primary tumor and metastases,but also on histologi-cal cell type,reflecting underlying disparities in glucose *** metabolic response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy or to chemo-radiotherapy in cancers of the gastro-esophageal junction or stomach has been demonstrated in several prospective studies to correlate signifi cantly with both the histological tumor response to treatment and with consequent improvements in overall *** may offer a future paradigm ofpersonalized treatment based on the PET response to ***-PET has been less successful in efforts to screen for and detect recurrent upper gastro-intestinal malignancies,and in the detection of low vol-ume metastatic peritoneal *** to improve the accuracy of PET include the use of novel radiotrac-ers such as(～(18)F)FLT(3-deoxy-3-fluorothymidine)or 11C-choline,or fusion PET-CT with concurrent high-res-olution computed *** review focuses on the role of FDG-PET scanning in staging and response assessment in malignancies of the upper gastrointesti-nal tract,specif ically gastric,esophageal and pancreas carcinoma.

关键词：正电子发射断层扫描 2-脱氧葡萄糖恶性肿瘤消化道氟代计算机断层扫描代谢反应成像方式

International reflections on NAPCRG:celebrating 50 years of learning and connecting

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2022年第3期10卷 1-3页

作者： Tim olde Hartman David N Blane elizabeth Sturgiss Pauline Boeckxstaens Liesbeth Hunik Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center Department of Primary and Community CareRadboud UniversiteitNijmegenThe Netherlands General Practice and Primary Care School of Health and WellbeingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK School of Primary and Allied Health Care Monash UniversityFrankstonVictoriaAustralia Ghent University GentBelgium

Health systems vary from country to country,but primary care researchers share a common goal to improve the care of patients and communities around the world through high-quality research and academic *** American Primary Care Research Group(NAPCRG)is an academic community that brings together researchers,educators,clinicians,patients and consumers to highlight the role that primary care plays in strong and effective healthcare systems.

关键词： patients Primary connecting

Pesticide food safety standards as companions to tolerances and maximum residue limits

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第11期14卷 2358-2364页

作者： Carl K Winter elizabeth A Jara Department of Food Science and Technology University of California

Allowable levels for pesticide residues in foods, known as tolerances in the US and as maximum residue limits （MRLs） in much of the world, are widely yet inappropriately perceived as levels of safety concern. A novel approach to develop scientifically defensible levels of safety concern is presented and an example to determine acute and chronic pesticide food safety standard （PFSS） levels for the fungicide captan on strawberries is provided. Using this approach, the chronic PFSS level for captan on strawberries was determined to be 2 000 mg kg-1 and the acute PFSS level was determined to be 250 mg kg-1. Both levels are far above the existing tolerance and MRLs that commonly range from 3 to 20 mg kg-~, and provide evidence that captan residues detected at levels greater than the tolerance or MRLs are not of acute or chronic health concern even though they represent violative residues. The benefits of developing the PFSS approach to serve as a companion to existing tolerances/MRLs include a greater understanding concerning the health significance, if any, from exposure to violative pesticide residues. In addition, the PFSS approach can be universally applied to all potential pesticide residues on all food commodities, can be modified by specific jurisdictions to take into account differences in food consumption practices, and can help prioritize food residue monitoring by identifying the pesticide/commodity combinations of the greatest potential food safety concern and guiding development of field level analytical methods to detect pesticide residues on prioritized pesticide/commodity combinations.

关键词： pesticide residues food safety tolerances maximum residue limits (MRLs) regulation reference dose captan strawberries

Investigation of factors influencing roof stability at a Western *** coal mine

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2019年第1期29卷 139-143页

作者： Meriel Young Gabriel Walton elizabeth Holley Department.Geology&Geol.Engineering Colorado School of Mines Department Mining Engineering Colorado School of Mines

The coal mine roof rating(CMRR) was developed to bridge the gap between geological variation in underground coal mines and engineering design. The CMRR accounts for the compressive strength of the immediate roof, the shear strength and intensity of any discontinuities present, and the moisture sensitivity of the immediate roof. The CMRR has been widely used and validated in Eastern US coal mines, but it has seen limited application in the Western US. This study focuses on roof behavior at a Western coal mine(Mine A). Mine A shows significant lateral geological variation, along with localized faulting and a laterally extensive sandstone channel network. The CMRR is not used to predict roof instability at the mine. It is, therefore, hypothesized that there are other factors that are correlated with roof instability in underground coal mines that could potentially also be considered in conjunction with the *** hypothesis was tested by collecting 30 CMRR measurements at Mine A. At each measurement location, a binary record of the roof condition(stable or unstable) was made, and other parameters such as depth of cover, presence of faulting, and sandstone channels were also recorded. ANOVA tests showed that the CMRR values and the roof conditions were not strongly correlated, indicating that the CMRR input criteria are not fully predictive of roof stability at this mine. The CMRR values showed statistically significant correlations(p less than 0.05) with faulting as well as with location at an intersection. For areas that had previously experienced roof fall but were currently stable, faulting was correlated with roof condition(p less than 0.05) only when the condition was classified as unstable.

关键词： Coal mine roof stability CMRR Western U.S.coal Case study