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Insect Science 2021年第2期28卷 555-565页

作者： Tyler T.Kelly elizabeth Elle Evolutionary and Behavioural Ecology Research Group Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyCanada

Bee dietary preferences,or the floral resources that they consistently collect,likely impact where a species can *** this reason it is likely that bee dietary preferences are dependent upon the composition of the plant *** this study,we evaluated floral visits and pollen loads of the mining bee,Andrena angustitarsata Viereck,across a 630 km north-south range to understand dietary preferences along a floral resource *** research,in a more geographically limited area,suggested this species was an eclectic oligolege on predominantly Apiaceae and in part *** the present study we found the species predominately visited and collected pollen from Apiaceae and Rosaceae,but visited 12 flower families and collected pollen from 32,distinguishing them as generalist *** frequency of Apiaceae pollen on the bees and the species-level specialization index(a measure of visit specialization)were higher in regions with higher Apiaceae *** addition Apiaceae and Rosaceae were the only plant families significantly preferred for pollen collection,regardless of floral *** conclude that across our study region *** has a generalist dietary breadth,but also has dietary preference for Apiaceae and *** study indicates that while bees may overall make generalist foraging decisions they may still prefer and likely benefit from selecting fewer flower taxa.

关键词： andrenidae dietary breadth ecoregions oak-savanna pollen specialization

Assessment of nutrient distributions in Lake Champlain using satellite remote sensing

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第9期26卷 1831-1836页

作者： elizabeth M.Isenstein Mi-Hyun Park Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Massachusetts AmherstMA01003USA

The introduction of nutrients to lakes causing eutrophic conditions is a major problem around the world. Proper monitoring and modeling are important to effectively manage eutrophication in lake waters. The goal is to develop remote sensing models for nutrients, total phosphorus and total nitrogen, in Lake Champlain. The remote sensing models were created using multivariate linear regression with the unique band combinations of Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus （ETM＋） imagery based on the empirical relationship with the field observations. The resulting models successfully showed nutrient distributions in the most eutrophic part of Lake Champlain, Missisquoi Bay, with reasonable adjusted coefficient of determination values （R2 = 0.81 and 0.75 for total phosphorus and total nitrogen, respectively）. The results show the feasibility and the utility of satellite imagery to detect spatial distributions of lake water quality constituents, which can be used to better understand nutrient distributions in Lake Champlain. This approach can be applicable to other lakes experiencing eutrophication assisting decision making when implementing Best Management Practices and other mitigation techniques to lakes.

关键词： Remote sensingMonitoringNutrientsPhosphorus

High surface area biocarbon monoliths for methane storage

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Green Energy & Environment 2023年第5期8卷 1308-1324页

作者： elizabeth Michaelis Renfeng Nie Douglas Austin Yanfeng Yue Department of Chemistry Delaware State UniversityDoverDE 19901United States College of Chemical Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450001China

New energy sources that reduce the volume of harmful gases such as SO_(x)and NO_(x)released into the atmosphere are in constant *** gas,primarily made up of methane,is being widely used as one reliable energy source for heating and electricity generation due to its high combustion ***,natural gas accounts for a large portion of electricity generation and chemical feedstock in manufacturing plastics and other commercially important organic *** the near future,natural gas will be widely used as a fuel for ***,a practical storage device for its storage and transportation is very beneficial to the deployment of natural gas as an energy source for new *** this tutorial review,biomaterials-based carbon monoliths(CMs),one kind of carbonaceous material,was reviewed as an adsorbent for natural gas(methane)adsorption and storage.

关键词： Activated carbon Carbon monolith Methane storage High surface area Activation agent

Towards a Policy that Supports People-Centered Housing Recovery——Learning from Housing Reconstruction after the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in Kobe,Japan

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2012年第1期3卷 56-65页

作者： elizabeth Maly Yoshimitsu Shiozaki Department of Engineering Kobe UniversityKobe 657-8501Japan

The goal of disaster recovery is for survivors to regain stability in their lives,livelihoods,and housing. A people-centered housing recovery requires that residents are empowered to make decisions about their housing reconstruction,and that policies create housing options that support the ability of all residents to reconstruct their homes and lives. The 1995 Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake caused the largest amount of damage in Japan since World War II,and the subsequent recovery is a starting point for understanding contemporary post-disaster housing reconstruction policies in Japan. Beyond an overview of housing reconstruction programs,we can understand the impact these policies had on Kobe residents’ housing and community recovery. In many cases,housing policies implemented after the Kobe earthquake fragmented communities and caused further damage and disruption in the lives of the survivors. A single-track approach failed to support the entire population of the disaster-stricken area. In subsequent years,Japanese disaster reconstruction laws and policies have seen modifications and improvements. Some of these changes can be seen in cases of recovery after more recent disasters,notably after the 2004 Chuetsu Earthquake in Niigata Prefecture. In the context of these past examples,we can consider what is needed for a people-centered recovery in the Tohoku area after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami.

关键词： disaster Earthquake subsequent

Histopathology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第42期16卷 5286-5296页

作者： elizabeth M Brunt Dina G Tiniakos Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMO 63110United States Laboratory of Histology and Embryology Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece

Histological analysis of liver biopsies remains a standard against which other methods of assessment for the presence and amount of hepatic injury due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) are *** evaluation remains the sole method of distinguishing steatosis from advanced forms of NAFLD,*** steatohepatitis(NASH) and *** in the lesions of NAFLD are steatosis,lobular and portal inflammation,hepatocyte injury in the forms of ballooning and apoptosis,and ***,patterns of these lesions are as distinguishing as the lesions *** injury in adults and children due to NAFLD may have different histological *** this review,the rationale for liver biopsy,as well as the histopathological lesions,the microscopically observable patterns of injury,and the differential diagnoses of NAFLD and NASH are discussed.

关键词： Fatty liver Steatosis Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Fibrosis

Evolution for extreme living:variation in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase genes correlated with elevation in pikas(genus Ochotona)

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第5期13卷 517-535页

作者： Katherine A.SOLARI elizabeth A.HADLY Department of Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA Woods Institute for the Environment Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA Program for Conservation Genomics Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA

The genus Ochotona(pikas)is a clade of cold-tolerant lagomorphs that includes many high-elevation *** offer a unique opportunity to study adaptations and potential limitations of an ecologically important mammal to high-elevation *** analyzed the evolution of 3 mitochondrial genes encoding the catalytic core of cytochrome c oxidase(COX)in 10 pika species occupying elevations from sea level to 5000 *** is an enzyme highly reliant on oxygen and essential for cell *** amino acid property,the equilibrium constant(ionization of COOH),was found to be under selection in the overall protein *** observed a strong relationship between the net value change in this property and the elevation each species occupies,with higher-elevation species having potentially more efficient *** also found evidence of selection in low-elevation species for potentially less efficient COX,perhaps trading efficiency for heat production in the absence of *** results suggest that different pika species may have evolved elevation-specific COX proteins,specialization that may indicate limitations in their ability to shift their elevational ranges in response to future climate change.

关键词： COX cytochrome c oxidase hypoxia Ochotona pika

Remote hyperinflammation drives neurological disease via T-cell-mediated innate-like cytotoxicity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第7期18卷 1638-1640页

作者： elizabeth Balint Ali A.Ashkar Department of Medicine McMaster Immunology Research CentreMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada

Inflammation is critical for the induction of immune responses to pathogens and other foreign ***,excessive local and systemic inflammation can have dire consequences beyond the original site of inflammation.A link between peripheral inflammation and neuropathology has been suggested for many diseases,including influenza infection,liver cirrhosis,and irritable bowel syndrome.1,2,3 Arguably,the vast majority of inflammatory diseases have been associated with deleterious neurological ***,immunotherapies,such as CAR T-cell treatment,are known for their high risk of cytokine release syndrome and associated ***,the mechanism behind this phenomenon of inflammation-induced neuropathology remains largely *** evidence from animal models that accurately depict this phenomenon is limited;these models will be essential to uncover the role of peripheral inflammation in neurological complications of *** to fill this gap in understanding,Zhou et *** critical evidence linking lymphocytes from the inflamed gut to neurological sequelae in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC).4 These results pave the way to understanding how peripheral inflammation can adversely enhance immune activation and result in downstream neurological disease.

关键词： inflammation neurological diseases

ΔN-Bcl-xL, a therapeutic target for neuroprotection

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第11期12卷 1791-1794页

作者： Han-A Park elizabeth A.Jonas Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management College of Human Environmental ScienceThe University of Alabama Department of Internal Medicine Section of EndocrinologyYale University

The B-cell lymphoma-extra large （Bcl-xL） is a mitochondrial anti-apoptotic protein that plays a role in neuroprotection. However, during excitotoxic stimulation, Bcl-xL undergoes caspase-dependent cleavage and produces a fragmented form, △N-Bcl-xL. Accumulation of △N-Bcl-xL is associated with mitochon- drial dysfunction and neuronal death. Therefore, strategies to inhibit the activity or formation of △N-Bcl- xL protect the brain against excitotoxic injuries. Our team found that the pharmacological inhibitor △BT- 737 exerts dose dependent effects in primary neurons. When primary hippocampal neurons were treated with 1 μM ABT-737, glutamate-mediated mitochondrial damage and neuronal death were exacerbated, whereas 10 nM △BT-737, a 100-fold lower concentration, protected mitochondrial function and enhanced neuronal viability against glutamate toxicity. In addition, we suggested acute vs. prolonged formation of △N-Bcl-xL may have different effects on mitochondrial or neuronal functions. Unlike acute production of △N-Bcl-xL by glutamate, overexpression of △N-Bcl-xL did not cause drastic changes in neuronal viability. We predicted that neurons undergo adaptation and may activate altered metabolism to compensate for △N-Bcl-xL-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Although the detailed mechanism of ABT-mediated neurotoxicity neuroprotection is still unclear, our study shows that the mitochondrial membrane protein △N-Bcl-xL is a central target for interventions.

关键词： B-cell lymphoma-extra large △N-Bcl-xL mitochondria ABT-737

Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on the Activities of Soil Enzymes Involved in Carbon and Nutrient Cycling

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Pedosphere 2018年第2期28卷 209-214页

作者： Frieda EIVAZI Zahra AFRASIABI elizabeth JOSE Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Lincoln University Department of Environmental Studies Soka University Department of Physiology and Cell Biology The Ohio State University

Soils are continuously exposed to large amounts of engineered nanoparticles, especially silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which can affect the activity, stability, and specificity of microbial enzymes. Therefore, the measurement of specific enzyme activity can be used to identify major changes in soil environments. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of AgNPs on soil enzymes that play critical roles in mineralizing carbon and nutrients in soil. Soil samples (silt loam and sandy loam) were collected from the surface layer (0–15 cm) of a field at the George Washington Carver Farm, Lincoln University of Missouri, USA. The soils were then treated with AgNP solutions at 0, 1 600, or 3 200 μg Ag kg^(-1) dry soil, using either 10- or 50-nm AgNPs and a randomized complete block design, with three replicates per treatment. The AgNP-treated soil samples were homogenized and incubated for one month, and soil acid phosphatase, β-glucosaminidase, β-glucosidase, and arylsulfatase activities were measured after one hour, one week, and one month of incubation. The activities of all four enzymes were reduced by AgNP treatment after one hour and one ***, AgNP size had no effect. After one month of incubation, the AgNP treatments had mixed effects, which suggests that soil enzymes are only affected on a short-term basis. Further studies are required to determine the mechanisms by which AgNPs reduce soil enzyme activity.

关键词： engineered nanoparticles nanotechnology nanoparticle concentration nanoparticle size soil environment

Dimerization energetics of curli fiber subunits CsgA and CsgB

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 923-931页

作者： Martha Dunbar elizabeth DeBenedictis Sinan Keten Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA

Curli fibers are functional amyloids that exhibit strong adhesion and robust self-assembly as biofilm structural components;however,the binding energetics and mechanical properties of wild-type curli are not well *** address this,we present dimer structures made up of the major and minor curli subunits(CsgA and CsgB),perform free energy calculations to obtain absolute binding energies,and estimate the Young’s modulus and persistence length of curli *** molecular dynamics simulations are used to evaluate nonbonded *** energies are most favorable for CsgB–CsgA,while CsgA–CsgA dimers have a higher binding energy than CsgB–CsgB despite possessing less favorable nonbonded interaction *** each potential of mean force of separation indicated that solvent effects positively impact CsgA–CsgA binding but not CsgB–CsgB and CsgB–*** residues and conserved polar residues were also notable contributors to attractive nonbonded interactions,underlining their importance in dimer *** findings elucidate sequence effects on binding energy contributions and establish theoretical limits for the elasticity,persistence length,and strength of curli fibers.

关键词： bonded residues elasticity