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Evaluation of the antidiabetic activity and toxicological properties of Jaundea pinnata(***.)

Clinical Traditional Medicine and Pharmacology 2024年第2期5卷 25-31页

作者： Farouk Adedeji oladoja Emmanuel S.Irokosu elijah o.oyinloye Akanji A.Murtala Marcus D.Ayoola Fatimah o.Lasisi oyinkansola T.Aderibigbe Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of PharmacyOlabisi Onabanjo UniversityAgo-IwoyeOgun-State 121102Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of Basic Medical ScienceOlabisi Onabanjo UniversityAgo-IwoyeOgun-State 121102Nigeria Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of PharmacyObafemi Awolowo University Ile-IfeOsun-State 220282Nigeria

Background:Jaundea pinnata(JP),is a new plant native to North Africa,East Africa,Southern Nigeria,and *** is traditionally used as an anti-rheumatic,anti-inflammatory,antibacterial and antidiabetic herb,thus making it a potential source for modern antidiabetic ***:This investigation aimed to assess the toxicological profile and the antidiabetic potentials of the methanol extract of the Jaundea pinnata(JP)leaf in mice and ***:Preliminary phytochemical screening of JP leaf was conducted using standard *** plant extract’s acute and sub-chronic toxicity was evaluated using a modified oECD *** normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats,its anti-diabetic action was tested over 28 days at doses of 100 mg/kg,200 mg/kg,and 400 mg/kg,with glibenclamide(10 mg/kg)and distilled water serving as the positive and negative controls,*** organs’histopathological analysis was also ***:According to the preliminary phytochemical analysis of the leaf extract,JP contains flavonoids,saponins,alkaloids,tannins,terpenoids,deoxy-sugars,and *** extract demonstrated an LD50 of above 2000 mg/kg in *** days 14,21,and 28 in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats,the extract showed a dosedependent antidiabetic effect;nevertheless,the activity of the extract at 400 mg/kg on day 28 was barely comparable to that of glibenclamide(10 mg/kg).At 250 mg/kg,500 mg/kg,and 1500 mg/kg,respectively,the extract was appreciably non-toxic to the liver and kidney,while inducing a significant change in haematological ***:The study found that JP presented antihyperglycemic properties and was relatively safe at normal dosages(<2000 mg/kg).

关键词： Jaundea pinnata Diabetes mellitus Haematological and biochemical parameters

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Rescue from complications after pancreaticoduodenectomies at a low-volume Caribbean center:Value of tailored peri-pancreatectomy protocols

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第3期16卷 681-688页

作者： Shamir o Cawich elijah Dixon Parul J Shukla Shailesh V Shrikhande Rahul R Deshpande Fawwaz Mohammed Neil W Pearce Wesley Francis Shaneeta Johnson Johann Bujhawan Department of Surgery University of the West IndiesSt Augustine 000000Trinidad and Tobago Department of Surgery Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlberta T2N2T9Canada Department of Surgery Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY 10065United States Department of Surgical oncology Tata Memorial CenterHomi Bhabha National UniversityMumbai 400012India Department of Surgery Manchester Royal InfirmaryManchester M139WLUnited Kingdom University Surgical Unit Southampton General HospitalSouthampton SO166YDUnited Kingdom Department of Surgery University of the West IndiesNassau N-1184Bahamas Department of Surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30310United States Department of Surgery General Hospital in Port of SpainPort of Spain 000000Trinidad and Tobago

BACKGRoUND Pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)is a technically complex operation,with a re-latively high risk for *** ability to rescue patients from post-PD complications is as a recognized quality *** protocols were instituted at our low volume facility in the year *** To document the rate of rescue from post-PD complications with tailored protocols in place as a measure of *** A retrospective audit was performed to collect data from patients who experienced major post-PD complications at a low volume pancreatic surgery unit in Trinidad and Tobago between January 1,2013 and June 30,***-dardized definitions from the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery were used to define post-PD complications,and the modified Clavien-Dindo classification was used to classify post-PD *** over the study period,113 patients at a mean age of 57.5 years(standard deviation[SD]±9.23;range:30-90;median:56)underwent PDs at this *** complications were recorded in 33(29.2%)patients at a mean age of 53.8 years(SD:±7.9).Twenty-nine(87.9%)patients who experienced major morbidity were salvaged after aggre-ssive treatment of their ***(3.5%)died from bleeding pseudoaneurysm(1),septic shock secondary to a bile leak(1),anastomotic leak(1),and myocardial infarction(1).There was a significantly greater salvage rate in patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists scores≤2(93.3%vs 25%;P=0.0024).CoNCLUSIoN This paper adds to the growing body of evidence that volume alone should not be used as a marker of quality for patients requiring *** low volumes at our facility,we demonstrated that 87.9%of patients were rescued from major *** attributed this to several factors including development of rescue protocols,the competence of the pancreatic surgery teams and continuous,and adaptive learning by the entire institution,cul-minating in the development of tailored peri-pancreatectomy protoc

关键词： Pancreas Complication Rescue Failure Morbidity Mortality Pancreaticoduodenectomy

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Projected impacts of climate change on the habitat of Xerophyta species in Africa

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Plant Diversity 2024年第1期46卷 91-100页

作者： Vincent okelo Wanga Boniface KNgarega Millicent Akinyi oulo elijah Mbandi Mkala Veronicah Mutele Ngumbau Guy Eric onjalalaina Wyclif ochieng odago Consolata Nanjala Clintone onyango ochieng Moses Kirega Gichua Robert Wahiti Gituru Guang-Wan Hu CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Sino-Africa Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China Centre for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglun 666303China Botany Department Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya East African Herbarium National Museums of KenyaP.O.Box 451660-0100NairobiKenya

Climate change poses a serious long-term threat to *** effectively reduce biodiversity loss,conservationists need to have a thorough understanding of the preferred habitats of species and the variables that affect their ***,predicting the impact of climate change on speciesappropriate habitats may help mitigate the potential threats to biodiversity ***,a monocotyledonous genus of the family Velloziaceae is native to mainland Africa,Madagascar,and the Arabian *** key drivers of Xerophyta habitat distribution and preference are *** 308 species occurrence data and eight environmental variables,the MaxEnt model was used to determine the potential distribution of six Xerophyta species in Africa under past,current and future climate change *** results showed that the models had a good predictive ability(Area Under the Curve and True Skill Statistics values for all SDMs were more than 0.902),indicating high accuracy in forecasting the potential geographic distribution of Xerophyta *** main bioclimatic variables that impacted potential distributions of most Xerophyta species were mean temperature of the driest quarter(Bio9)and precipitation of the warmest quarter(Bio18).According to our models,tropical Africa has zones of moderate and high suitability for Xerophyta taxa,which is consistent with the majority of documented species *** habitat suitability of the existing range of the Xerophyta species varied based on the climate scenario,with most species experiencing a range loss greater than the range gain regardless of the climate *** projected spatiotemporal patterns of Xerophyta species help guide recommendations for conservation efforts.

关键词： Africa Climate change MaxEnt model Potential suitable distribution Velloziaceae Xerophyta

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Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 reveals genetic diversity of the African Snakehead fish Parachanna obscura,Gunther,1861 from Nigeria’s freshwater environment

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第1期8卷 59-66页

作者： Friday elijah osho Bamidele oluwarotimi omitoyin Emmanuel Kolawole Ajani Victor o.Azuh Adedapo olutola Adediji Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management University of IbadanIbadan200284Nigeria Virology and Molecular Diagnostic Unit International Institute of Tropical Agriculture(IITA)Ibadan200001Nigeria Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology University of IbadanIbadan200284Nigeria

The study investigated the genetic variation of Parachanna obscura from five rivers(Anambra,Ibbi,Imo,Katsina-Ala and ogun)in Nigeria using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 *** was extracted from 19,22,16,18 and 21 fin clips per river population,respectively and subjected to polymerase chain reaction.A total of 96 sequences,each with 671 bp were obtained with 38(5.6%)polymorphic,27(3.8%)parsimoniously informative and 659(98.2%)conserved *** nucleotide composition was C=28.07%,T=29.43%,A=22.18%,G=20.32%.A total of 40 haplotypes with 38 unique sequences as well as 24 substitutions with 22 transversions and two transitions were *** diversity among populations ranged from 0.00184 to 0.00888 representing Ibbi and Imo,respectively while haplotype diversity ranged from 0.77056 to 0.95000 also,from Ibbi and Imo,*** of molecular variance showed that the intra-population variation accounted for 50.05%.Topology from phylogenetic analyses revealed that *** from Imo River was distinctly different from the rest.

关键词： Nucleotide composition Haplotype diversity Molecular variance Phylogenetic analysis Topology

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Fish from a polluted lake(Lake Chivero,Zimbabwe):a food safety issue of concern

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Food Quality and Safety 2019年第3期3卷 157-167页

作者： Francis Manjengwa Tamuka Nhiwatiwa elijah Nyakudya Petronella Banda Faculty of Science Biosciences DepartmentUniversity of ZimbabwePO Box MP167Mt.PleasantHarareZimbabwe Faculty of Agriculture Soil Sciences&Agricultural Engineering DepartmentUniversity of ZimbabwePO Box MP167Mt.PleasantHarareZimbabwe Faculty of Agriculture Animal Sciences DepartmentUniversity of ZimbabwePO Box MP167Mt.PleasantHarareZimbabwe

objectives:A study to determine food safety hazard status of fish products from Lake Chivero was conducted in selected high density suburbs of *** water and fish were tested for *** o157:H7,total bacterial,fungal counts,mercury(Hg)and aflatoxin B1(AFB1)to determine contamination levels and assessing human health hazard *** and Methods:Membrane filtration method was used to determine *** o157:H7 viable counts using CHRoM *** count and Potato dextrose agar were used for determination of total viable bacterial and fungal *** of Hg and AFB1 in fish and water were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.A questionnaire survey was conducted on 136 adult fish consumers to determine the fish consumption patterns to assess hazard exposure against international ***:Significant levels of microbial contamination above international standards in both fish and water were *** *** o157:H7 counts were 106±10(cfu/cm^(2))in fish and 52±14(cfu/100ml)in *** Log10 TBC were 8.98±0.26(cfu/cm^(2))in fish and 9.05±0.05(cfu/ml)in *** Log10 TFC were 4.83±0.02(cfu/cm^(2))in fish and 4.56±0.03(cfu/ml)in *** and AFB1 were 0.018(μg/kg)and 0.025(μg/kg)in fish and 0.008(μg/kg)and 0.005(μg/kg)in water,both with a hazard quotient(HQ)oDEX STAN 193-1995 of ***:Fish and water are contaminated with *** o157:H7,contain bacterial and fungal loads above international food safety guidance *** were caught already contaminated with pathogens together with toxigenic Hg and carcinogenic AFB1 although their concentration levels are within international food safety toxicological *** of Hg and AFB1 in water were almost double that of fish,implying bio-accumulation occurred in ***,fish consumers are exposed to food safety hazards and are at risk of contracting foodborne illnesses from consuming contam

关键词： food contamination food safety hazards,E.coli o157:H7,mercury,aflatoxin B1

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Evaluation of optimization techniques in predicting optimum moisture content reduction in drying potato slices

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2020年第1期4卷 39-47页

作者： onu Chijioke elijah K.Igbokwe Philomena T.Nwabanne Joseph o.Nwajinka Charles E.ohale Paschal Department of Chemical Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe UniveristyP.M.B.5025 AwkaNigeria Department of Agric and Bioresource Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe UniveristyP.M.B.5025 AwkaNigeria

The use of artificial intelligence models in predicting the moisture content reduction in the drying of potato(Ipomoea batata)sliceswas the focus of *** models used were adaptive neuro fuzzy inference systems(ANFIS),artificial neural network(ANN)and response surface methodology(RSM).The parameters considered were drying time,drying air speed and *** capability and sensitivity analysis of the three models were evaluated using the correlation coefficient(R2)and some statistical error functions such as the average relative error(ARE),root mean square error(RMSE),Hybrid Fractional Error Function(HYBRID)and absolute average relative error(AARE).The result showed that the three models demonstrated significant predictive behaviourwith R2 of 0.998,0.997 and 0.998 for ANFIS,ANN and *** calculated error functions of ARE(RSM=1.778,ANFIS=1.665 and ANN=4.282)and RMSE(RSM=0.0273,ANFIS=0.0282 and ANN=0.1178)suggested good harmony between the experimental and predicted *** was concluded that though the three models gave adequate predictions that were in good agreement with the experimental data,the RSM and ANFIS gave better model prediction than ANN.

关键词： Moisture content Potato Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference systems Artificial neural network Response surface methodology

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Shock tube design for high intensity blast waves for laboratory testing of armor and combat materiel

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2014年第2期10卷 245-250页

作者： elijah CoURTNEY Amy CoURTNEY Michael CoURTNEY BTG Research P.O.Box 62541Colorado Springs Exponent Inc.3440 Market StreetPhiladelphia

Shock tubes create simulated blast waves which can be directed and measured lo study blast wave effects under laboratory *** is desirable to increase available peak pressure from ~1 MPa to ~5 MPa to simulate closer blast sources and facilitate development and testing of personal and vehicle *** methods are experimentally investigated to increase peak simulated blast pressure produced by an oxyacetylene driven shock tube while maintaining suitability for laboratory *** first method is the addition of a Shchelkin spiral priming section which supports a deflagration to detonation *** approach increases the average peak pressure from 1.17 MPa to 5.33 MPa while maintaining a relevant pressure-time curve(near Friedlander waveform).The second method is a bottleneck between the driving and driven *** a 79 mm diameter driving section to a 53 mm driven section increases the peak pressure from 1.17 MPa to 2.25 MPa.A 103 mm driving section is used to increase peak pressure to 2.64 *** third method,adding solid fuel to the driving section with the oxyacetylene,results in a peak pressure increasing to 1.70 MPa.

关键词：实验室测试激波管冲击波装甲高强度峰值压力设计物资

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Co-morbidity of malnutrition with falciparum malaria parasitaemia among children under the aged 6-59 months in Somalia:a geostatistical analysis

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 714-722页

作者： Damaris K.Kinyoki Grainne M.Moloney olalekan A.Uthman elijah o.odundo Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala Abdisalan M.Noor Robert W.Snow James A.Berkley Spatial Health Metrics Group INFORM ProjectKenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research ProgrammeNairobiKenya Nutrition Section United Nations Children’s Fund(UNICEF)Kenya Country OfficeUN Complex GigiriNairobiKenya Warwick Medical School Health Sciences Research InstituteWarwick EvidenceUniversity of WarwickGibbet HillCoventry CV47ALUK Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit(FSNAU)-Somalia Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsNgecha Road CampusNairobiKenya Department of Mathematics and Information sciences Faculty of Engineering and EnvironmentNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of AgderKristiansandNorway Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research Programme Centre for Geographic Medicine Research(coast)KilifiKenya Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nuffield Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OxfordCCVTMOxford OX37LJUK

Background:Malnutrition and malaria are both significant causes of morbidity and mortality in African ***,the extent of their spatial comorbidity remains unexplored and an understanding of their spatial correlation structure would inform improvement of integrated *** aimed to determine the spatial correlation between both wasting and low mid upper arm circumference(MUAC)and falciparum malaria among Somalian children aged 6-59 ***:Data were from 49227 children living in 888 villages between 2007 to *** developed a Bayesian geostatistical shared component model in order to determine the common spatial distributions of wasting and falciparum malaria;and low-MUAC and falciparum malaria at 1×1 km spatial ***:The empirical correlations with malaria were 0.16 and 0.23 for wasting and low-MUAC *** spatial residual effects were statistically significant for both wasting and *** posterior spatial relative risk was highest for low-MUAC and malaria(range:0.19 to 5.40)and relatively lower between wasting and malaria(range:0.11 to 3.55).Hotspots for both wasting and low-MUAC with malaria occurred in the South Central region in ***:The findings demonstrate a relationship between nutritional status and falciparum malaria parasitaemia,and support the use of the relatively simpler MUAC measurement in *** spatial distribution and distinct hotspots present opportunities for targeted seasonal chemoprophylaxis and other forms of malaria prevention integrated within nutrition programmes.

关键词： Malnutrition Wasting Low-MUAC Malaria Comorbidity Somalia

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Air Quality Impacts of Smallholder oil Palm Processing in Nigeria

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第8期4卷 83-98页

作者： elijah I. ohimain Sylvester C. Izah Stephen o. Abah Bioenergy and Environmental Biotechnology Research Unit Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island Nigeria Department of Community Health Faculty of Clinical Sciences College of Medicine Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma Nigeria.

Air emissions during palm oil processing by smallholders are issues of public health concern demanding urgent intervention by environmentalist. In this study, six smallholder oil palm processing mills were studied inElele,Nigeria. Air emission parameters (No2, NH3, Co, H2S, So2, VoC), noise and meteorology (wind speed, temperature, relative humidity and pressure) were determined at three distances (10 ft,25 ftand50 ft) in both wind ward and lee ward directions from the mills covering boiling and digestion activities. The emissions from biomass were found to be significantly higher than that from fossil diesel, while noise was higher during digestion. The health implications of air emissions were discussed. The study concluded by directing attentions of regulatory agencies to monitor the activities of smallholder oil palm processing to ensure the environmental sustainability of their operations. In summary, evidence during boiling activity revealed that: · H2S ranged from - 2.400 ppm at10 ft, - 2.067 ppm at25 ftand - 0.833 ppm at50 ftfrom the mills in the wind ward direction, and - 1.167 ppm at10 ft, - 0.567 ppm at25 ftand - 0.367 ppm at50ftdistance from the mills in lee ward direction and was significantly lower during digestion. · SPM ranged from 1634 - 7853 μg/m3 at10 ft, 657 - 1110 μg/m3 at25 ftand 81 - 854 μg/m3 at50 ftfrom the mills in the wind ward direction, and 46 - 236 μg/m3 at10 ft, 44 - 120 μg/m3 at25 ftand 30 - 58 μg/m3 at50 ftfrom the mills in lee ward direction. SPM was significantly lower during digestion. · VoC ranged from 67 - 13.933 ppm at10 ft, 1.033 - 13.133 ppm at25ftand 0.500 -

关键词： Air Emissions Noise oil Palm Processing Pollutant Gases

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Phytochemical Screening of Two Tropical Moss Plants: <i>Thidium gratum</i>P. Beauv and <i>Barbula indica</i>Brid Grown in Southwestern Ecological Zone of Nigeria

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2012年第12期3卷 836-839页

作者： Adedeji o. Adebiyi Ayodele A. oyedeji elijah E. Chikwendu olubunmi A. Fatoke Department of Chemistry Education Science Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of Plant Science Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti Nigeria

Chemical tests were carried out on the aqueous extracts of the air-dried powders of two tropical moss plants, Thidium gratum and Barbula indica using standard procedures, to identify the phytochemical constituents. The extracts were screened for the presence and quantities of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins and steroids with a view to assess their therapeutic values in ethnomedicine. The results of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins and steroids in varying quantities in the two moss plants but there was absence of phenol in Barbula indica. These results suggest that the two moss plants can be veritable and potential source of useful drugs in treatment of ailments.

关键词： Phytochemical Constituents Extracts Moss Plants Ethnomedicine Ailments

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