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Evolving concepts in bone infection: redefining “biofilm”,“acute vs. chronic osteomyelitis”, “the immune proteome” and “local antibiotic therapy”

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Bone Research 2019年第3期7卷 225-242页

作者： Elysia A. Masters Ryan P. Trombetta Karen l. de Mesy Bentley Brendan F Boyce Ann lindley Gill Steven R. Gill Kohei Nishitani Masahiro Ishikawa Yugo Morita Hiromu Ito Sheila N. Bello-Irizarry Mark Ninomiya James D. Brodell Jr. Charles C. lee Stephanie P. Hao Irvin Oh Chao Xie Hani A. Awad John l. Daiss John R. Owen Stephen l. Kates edward M. Schwarz Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan Center for Musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Pathology and laboratory Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Orthopaedics University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Microbiology & Immunology University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kyoto University Kyoto Japan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center Richmond VA USA

Osteomyelitis is a devastating disease caused by microbial infection of bone. While the frequency of infection following elective orthopedic surgery is low, rates of reinfection are disturbingly high. Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for the majority of chronic osteomyelitis cases and is often considered to be incurable due to bacterial persistence deep within bone. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on clinical classifications of osteomyelitis and the ensuing treatment algorithm. Given the high patient morbidity,mortality, and economic burden caused by osteomyelitis, it is important to elucidate mechanisms of bone infection to inform novel strategies for prevention and curative treatment. Recent discoveries in this field have identified three distinct reservoirs of bacterial biofilm including: Staphylococcal abscess communities in the local soft tissue and bone marrow, glycocalyx formation on implant hardware and necrotic tissue, and colonization of the osteocyte-lacuno canalicular network(OlCN) of cortical bone. In contrast, *** intracellular persistence in bone cells has not been substantiated in vivo, which challenges this mode of chronic osteomyelitis. There have also been major advances in our understanding of the immune proteome against S. aureus, from clinical studies of serum antibodies and media enriched for newly synthesized antibodies(MENSA), which may provide new opportunities for osteomyelitis diagnosis, prognosis, and vaccine development. Finally, novel therapies such as antimicrobial implant coatings and antibiotic impregnated 3D-printed scaffolds represent promising strategies for preventing and managing this devastating disease. Here, we review these recent advances and highlight translational opportunities towards a cure.

关键词： disease caused by soft tissue necrotic tissuel

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An Introduction to Algorithmic Trading : Basic to Advanced Strategies

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丛书名： Wiley trading series

2011年

作者： edward leshik Jane Cralle

ISBN: (纸本)9780470689547;9780470979358;9781119975090

Interest in algorithmic trading is growing massively – it''s cheaper, faster and better to control than standard trading, it enables you to ‘pre-think''the market, executing complex math in real time and take the required decisions based on the strategy defined. We are no longer limited by human ‘bandwidth''. The cost alone (estimated at 6 cents per share manual, 1 cent per share algorithmic) is a sufficient driver to power the growth of the industry. According to consultant firm, Aite Group llC, high frequency trading firms alone account for 73% of all US equity trading volume, despite only representing approximately 2% of the total firms operating in the US markets. Algorithmic trading is becoming the industry lifeblood. But it is a secretive industry with few willing to share the secrets of their success. The book begins with a step-by-step guide to algorithmic trading, demystifying this complex subject and providing readers with a specific and usable algorithmic trading knowledge. It provides background information leading to more advanced work by outlining the current trading algorithms, the basics of their design, what they are, how they work, how they are used, their strengths, their weaknesses, where we are now and where we are going. The book then goes on to demonstrate a selection of detailed algorithms including their implementation in the markets. Using actual algorithms that have been used in live trading readers have access to real time trading functionality and can use the never before seen algorithms to trade their own accounts. The markets are complex adaptive systems exhibiting unpredictable behaviour. As the markets evolve algorithmic designers need to be constantly aware of any changes that may impact their work, so for the more adventurous reader there is also a section on how to design trading algorithms. All examples and algorithms are demonstrated in Excel on the accompanying CD ROM, including actual algorithmic examples which have been used

关键词： Stocks--Mathematical models Program trading (Securities) Algorithms Investment analysis

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多组份蒸馏设计问题的一项计算程序

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化学工程 1976年第2期 53-63页

作者： Neil l.Ricker ,edward A.Grensll 北京石油化工总厂设计院技术室

已经推导了一项能直接适用于设计问题的多组份蒸馏计算程序。它以逐次近似法为基础,在各次迭代之间调整每个塔段中平衡级数来在保持规定关键组份的回收率的条件下满足给定的回流量和进料组成条件。已把这个程序应用于几个代表性蒸馏设... 详细信息

已经推导了一项能直接适用于设计问题的多组份蒸馏计算程序。它以逐次近似法为基础,在各次迭代之间调整每个塔段中平衡级数来在保持规定关键组份的回收率的条件下满足给定的回流量和进料组成条件。已把这个程序应用于几个代表性蒸馏设计问题。它从以一次非迭代逐级计算为基础的初次估算很容易地收敛到适当的塔设计。并且,在计算效率上,这个程序显著地优于通过对假设的塔构造运用重复的操作计算来解设计问题的方法。

关键词：级数和组份回收率实收率回流比计算程序进料位置迭代方程方程式初始估计

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煤层甲烷储层的3D多分量描述

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石油物探译丛 1996年第4期 52-68页

作者： edward l. Shuck 严建文

San Juan盆地Cedar Hill油气田的裂隙型储煤层中盛产甲烷气,由于煤层中基岩无渗透性,因此裂隙和局部应力控制了甲烷气的产量。为弄清储层内流体的流动情况,我们必须了解裂隙的方向、裂隙大小、储层压力以及储层分区。为了加强对煤层甲... 详细信息

San Juan盆地Cedar Hill油气田的裂隙型储煤层中盛产甲烷气,由于煤层中基岩无渗透性,因此裂隙和局部应力控制了甲烷气的产量。为弄清储层内流体的流动情况,我们必须了解裂隙的方向、裂隙大小、储层压力以及储层分区。为了加强对煤层甲烷气储层的特征描述,我们开展了多分量3D地震测量。通过分析多分量数据并结合岩石物理和油藏工程研究,我们对储煤层的非均匀性(包括孤立的压力单元、裂隙密度加大带以及裂隙方向的变化等)进行了解释。通过对3D P波地震资料作构造解释识别了分隔储层的走滑断层。这些断层形成的压力单元边界可由P波反射振幅异常来识别。通过分析横波地震数据的反射振幅、旅行时及偏振识别了具不同裂隙方向和裂隙密度的区域。由构造解释推断的应力与由横波偏振所指示的应力之间具有很好的一致性。通过岩芯采样获得的岩石物理数据按地震速度和储层压力对地震振幅进行了标定。我们已开发了一些新方法用于实现叠前和叠后横波偏振的统计分析,并精确地确定了旅行时各向异性。叠前偏振分析法可以快速有效地确定主偏振方向。利用旅行时和薄层反射响应定量确定了储层区的横波各向异性,两种方法间具有较好的一致性。由各向异性计算的裂隙密度指示了两个高裂隙密度区域,一个区域对应封闭的超压单元,

关键词：煤层甲烷多分量地震裂隙储层

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森特斯特朗30系列静压传动装置的设计与试验

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液压气动与密封 1984年第3期 39-40页

作者：王奕豫 edward l·STOUT

30系列森特斯特朗静压传动装置设计上的目标是与20系列的元件相比,在相同的外形尺寸下具有较高的功率容量,而在相同的使用条件下,其可靠性则相当于或优于现有的20系列装置。为此目的,采取了增大排量以及在给定排

关键词：额定转速系统图静压传动斯特朗森特音分

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四肢创伤性骨折术后细菌感染及耐药的地域性特征分析

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中华创伤骨科杂志 2016年第3期18卷 226-232页

作者：任有亮彭笳宸李政道刘曦明杨晋 Stephen l. Kates edward M.Schwarz Chao Xie 遵义医学院附属医院骨科贵州省遵义市563000 广州军区总医院骨科 430070 美国纽约罗彻斯特大学医学院骨科研究中心 14642

目的探讨四肢创伤性骨折术后Gram阳性和阴性细菌感染的地域性分布态势及耐药率，旨在为手术前、后经验性使用抗菌素提供循证医学依据。方法回顾性分析筛查2012年1月至2015年1月因四肢创伤性骨折住院治疗的3728例患者，按照ClSIM．100-S2... 详细信息

目的探讨四肢创伤性骨折术后Gram阳性和阴性细菌感染的地域性分布态势及耐药率，旨在为手术前、后经验性使用抗菌素提供循证医学依据。方法回顾性分析筛查2012年1月至2015年1月因四肢创伤性骨折住院治疗的3728例患者，按照ClSIM．100-S22标准，收集经手术、病理及细菌培养证实细菌感染的51例患者的病历资料，整理其病理、窦道分泌物或病灶穿刺标本的细菌培养和药敏试验数据，对金黄色葡萄球菌（***）等主要菌株的分布及耐药性进行分析。结果四肢创伤性骨折术后细菌感染率为1．37％（51／3728）。常见感染骨折部位依次为胫腓骨（25例，49．02％）、股骨（11例，21．57％）、尺桡骨（8例，15．69％）。单株菌感染45例（88．23％），混合感染6例（11．76％）。Gram阳性细菌感染以***（27例，47．37％）、表皮葡萄球菌（4例，7．02％）、鸟肠球菌（2例，3．51％）为主；Gram阴性细菌感染以大肠埃希菌（***）（9例，15．79％）、阴沟肠杆菌（4例，7．02％）、肺炎克雷伯氏菌（2例，3．51％）为主。药敏试验发现主要Gram阳性菌耐药率为40．74％-100．00％，以耐林可霉素、红霉素、青霉素、四环素、头孢西丁和苯唑西林为主，未检出对万古霉素、替加环素、呋喃妥因耐药的***、表皮葡萄球菌和鸟肠球菌。主要Gram阴性细菌耐药率为44．44％～100．00％，以耐左氧氟沙星、氨苄西林、氨曲南、头孢曲松、头孢替坦、头孢他啶等为主，未检出对亚硫胺霉素耐受的主要Gram阴性菌。***感染的27例患者中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）占11例（40．74％），全部对吗啉恶酮、氨苄西林、替加环素、万古霉素等敏感。结论创伤性四肢骨折术后感染以下肢长骨和尺桡骨感染单株***、***、表皮葡萄球菌或阴沟肠杆菌为主，有明显的地域性特点。不仅MRSA感染率较高，且混合感染多以***合并其他细菌感染为主。根据耐药谱结果分析、对本地区感染病灶彻底清除术前后经验性抗生素治疗的选择建议为：Gram阳性细菌感染选用替加环素、呋喃妥因、万古霉素，Gram阴性细菌感染选用亚胺硫霉素为宜。

关键词：感染骨折葡萄球菌,金黄色耐药性

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Rapid, simple, low-cost smartphone-based fluorescence detection of Escherichia coli

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第3期14卷 189-193页

作者： Dante Rojas-Barboza edward Park Rolfe Sassenfeld Jeremy Winder Geoffrey B.Smith Delia Valles-Rosalles Efren Delgado Young Ho Park Family and Consumer Science Department New Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNM 883003USA Biology Department University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Electronics&Computer Engineering Technology New Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNM 88003USA Biology Department New Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNM 88003USA Industrial Engineering Department New Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNM 88003USA Mechanical Engineering Department New Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNM 88003USA

Food and waterborne diseases pose considerable public health threats even in highly industrialized parts of the *** of these pathogens in food can be Escherichia coli O157:H7,Salmonella sp.,and listeria ***,reliable detection of pathogens mitigates serious health problems and economic losses due to outbreaks and robust tests safeguard the food *** this study,a smartphone-based apparatus was employed to demonstrate quantitative detection of *** validate the applicability of the present smartphone-based fluorescence device,RNA was extracted from the *** K-12 strain and amplified using two different primers(dnaK and rpoA)via quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).Serial dilutions of RNA from 10 to 0.0001 ng/μl were prepared at the start of the PCR amplification and the PCR products were detected by CYBR Green1-based *** a proof-of-concept test for the smartphone system,samples from these PCR products were then *** detection system employed a novel algorithm to analyze fluorescence signals and read changes in *** DNA *** correlations between the fluorescence percentage and DNA concentrations were R=0.945 for the dnaK primer and R=0.893 for the rpoA primer,*** this new fluorescent analysis technique resulted in comparable accuracy to the real-time PCR fluorescent signal *** key innovation of this approach was to combine efficient image processing encoded into a smartphone application with a low-cost 3-D printed device that allowed quantification of bacterial nucleic acid.

关键词： smartphone fluorescence E.coli low-cost 3D-print

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Efficient, Season-Independent Seed Germination in Black Cohosh (<i>Actaea racemosa</i>l.)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第5期4卷 77-83页

作者： Bhavneet Kaur Joe-Ann McCoy edward Eisenstein Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Fischell Department of Bioengineering University of Maryland Rockville USA Plant Protection DuPont Agricultural Biotechnology Wilmington USA The North Carolina Arboretum University of North Carolina Affiliate Campus Asheville USA.

Seed germination in black cohosh was systematically examined in eighteen populations including 15 USDA accessions with an effective protocol for the consistent, season independent germination of this valuable alternative specialty crop. Two in vitro approaches were investigated for breaking the complex double dormancy of black cohosh seeds for yearround germination of plants for increased cultivation and laboratory studies. The first approach was a two-step alternating temperature stratification in which surface sterilized seeds were incubated in darkness at 25?C for two weeks followed by incubation at alternating temperatures of 20?C and 8?C for 12-hour periods with a 16-hour photoperiod for 12 months. The second was a three-step-approach that involved initial stratification of seeds in darkness at 25?C for two weeks, followed by incubation at 4?C in darkness for 3 -4 months and then cultivation at 25?C with a 16-hour photoperiod to generate seedlings. Although both approaches broke double dormancy for black cohosh seed germination, the three-step-stratification technique yielded higher percentage seed germination in less time when compared to the two-step scheme, including for seeds stored over two years. Additional factors of critical importance for efficient germination included the selection of healthy and viable seeds, as well as thorough but non-excessive surface sterilization to control bacterial and fungal contamination. The in vitro approach for black cohosh germination allowed year-round cultivation and culture of a number of different genotypic accessions to enable laboratory based studies on cell culture and transformation approaches to aid in deciphering gene-metabolite relationships in this important medicinal plant.

关键词： Actaea racemosa Seed Germination Morphophysiological Dormancy Stratification Radicle

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Development Trends and Evaluation of Egbe Reservoir Water Nutrient Status in Ekiti State, Nigeria

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Journal of life Sciences 2010年第1期4卷 7-16页

作者： Josephine Bolaji edward Adiaha Aldah Alex Ugwumba Department of Zoology University of Ado Ekiti Ekiti State 0234 Nigeria Department of Zoology＇ University of lbadan lbadan Oyo State 0234 Nigeria

A study about some physicochemical parameters of Egbe reservoir was carried out from September 2005 to December 2006. The parameters include mean temperature, pH, conductivity, alkalinity, TSS, TDS, DO and BOD which have values of 28.7±0.9 ℃ ; 8.3±0.3; 831±172.5 μS/cm; 165.4±18.3 mg/l; 0.06±0.1 mg/l; 0.4±0.6 mg/l; 7.8±2.4 mg/l and 5.2±1.6mg/l, respectively. Temperature and pH were measured in the field using mercury-in-glass thermometer calibrated in degrees Celsius and pH meter, respectively. TSS and TDS were measured by grayimetric methods, while alkalinity was measured titrimetrically and DO and BOD were measured by Winkler＇s method. For the nutrients, nitrate was measured color±metrically, phosphate by Stannous Chloride method and sulphate by turbidimetric method. Mean concentration of nitrate, phosphate, and sulphate were 15.6±8.6 rag/l; 42.5±19.4 mg/l and 72.3±14.7 mg/l respectively. Nowadays, eutrophication of natural waters is one of the most significant causes of deterioration of water quality, and nitrates and phosphates are probably the key nutrients in controlling the growth of aquatic plants. Though the mean concentration of nitrates and phosphates in the reservoir water were within the acceptable limit, yet their concentrations in some locations of reservoir were high enough to encourage the growth of aquatic macrophytes which would increase productivities. Hence, it is necessary to check their further increase, and periodic monitoring and preventive measures must be adopted to save the reservoir from eutrophication.

关键词： Physico-chemical parameters development trends nutrients Egbe reservoir.

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Response of Nitrous Oxide Flux to Addition of Anecic Earthworms to an Agricultural Field

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2013年第2期3卷 100-106页

作者： José A. Amador edward J. Avizinis laboratory of Soil Ecology and Microbiology 024 Coastal Institute University of Rhode Island Kingston USA.

The burrowing and feeding activities of earthworms may have a strong effect on the flux of N2O from agricultural soils. As such, shifts to agricultural management practices that increase the number of earthworms require an understanding of the role of earthworms in N2O dynamics. We conducted a field experiment to examine the effects of addition of anecic earthworms (lumbricus terrestris) on N2O flux in a field previously planted with corn (Zea mays) in southern Rhode Island, USA. Plots were amended with (15NH4)2SO4 and either 0 (CTl) or 48 l. terrestris m-2 (EW). The flux of N2O, 15N2O and 15N2 was measured over 28 days between October and November 2008. The EW treatment had a significantly higher flux of N2O and 15N2O 1 - 3 days after 15NH4 addition. No treatment effects were observed on 15N2 flux. The addition of earthworms significantly increased (Day 1) and decreased (Day 12) the mole fraction of N2O relative to the CTl. Our results suggest that anecic earthworm additions can increase N2O flux from inorganic fertilizer N amendments, but the effects appear to short-lived.

关键词： lumbricus terrestris Anecic Earthworms Fertilizer Nitrogen Nitrous Oxide Flux Denitrification

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