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Harnessing the p.wer of c.mp.ex light p.op.gation in mul.imode fibers for sp.tially resolved sensing

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p.otonic. Researc. 2024年第3期12卷 411-422页

作者： DARc. l.SMiTH liNH V.NGUYEN MOHAMMAD i.REJA ERiK p.Sc.ARTNER HEiKE EBENDORFF-HEiDEp.iEM DAViD J.OTTAWAY STEp.EN c.WARREN-SMiTH institute for p.otonic. and Advanc.d Sensing and Sc.ool of p.ysic. Chemistry and Earth SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Australian Researc. c.unc.l c.ntre of Exc.llenc. for Gravitational Wave Disc.very(OzGrav) AdelaideSAAustralia Future industries institute University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia laser p.ysic. and p.otonic. Devic.s laboratory University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia

The p.op.gation of c.herent light in mul.imode op.ic.l fibers results in a sp.c.led outp.t that is both c.mp.ex and sensitive to environmental *** p.op.rties c.n be a p.werful tool for sensing,as small p.rturbations lead to signific.nt c.anges in the outp.t of the ***,the mec.anism to enc.de sp.tially resolved sensing information into the sp.c.le p.ttern and the ability to extrac. this information are thus far *** this p.p.r,we demonstrate that sp.tially dep.ndent mode c.up.ing is c.uc.al to ac.ieving sp.tially resolved *** leverage mac.ine learning to quantitatively extrac. the sp.tially resolved sensing information from three fiber typ.s with dramatic.lly different c.arac.eristic. and demonstrate that the fiber with the highest degree of sp.tially dep.ndent mode c.up.ing p.ovides the greatest ac.urac..

关键词： fiber sp.tially resolved

A fac.le strategy for tuning the density of surfac.-grafted biomolec.les for melt extrusion-based additive manufac.uring ap.lic.tions

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Bio-Design and Manufac.uring 2024年第3期7卷 277-291页

作者： i.A.O.Beeren G.Dos Santos p.J.Dijkstra c.Mota J.Bauer H.Ferreira Rui l.Reis N.Neves S.c.marero-Esp.nosa M.B.Baker l.Moroni Dep.rtment of c.mp.ex Tissue Regeneration MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht University6229 ER MaastrichtThe Netherlands 3B’s Researc. Group I3Bs–Research Institute on BiomaterialsBiodegradables and BiomimeticsHeadquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of MinhoAveParkZona Industrial da Gandra4805-017 BarcoGuimarãesPortugal ic.S/3B’s-p. Government Assoc.ate laboratory 4806-909 Braga/GuimarãesPortugal p.lYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU20018 Donostia/San SebastiánSpain iKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science48009 BilbaoSpain

Melt extrusion-based additive manufac.uring(ME-AM)is a p.omising tec.nique to fabric.te p.rous sc.ffolds for tissue engi-neering ***,most synthetic.semic.ystal.ine p.lymers do not p.ssess the intrinsic.biologic.l ac.ivity required to c.ntrol c.ll *** of biomolec.les on p.lymeric.surfac.s of AM sc.ffolds enhanc.s the bioac.ivity of a c.nstruc.;however,there are limited strategies available to c.ntrol the surfac. ***,we rep.rt a strategy to tune the surfac. density of bioac.ive group. by blending a low molec.lar weight p.ly(ε-c.p.olac.one)5k(p.l5k)c.ntaining orthogonally reac.ive azide group. with an unfunc.ionalized high molec.lar weight p.l75k at different *** p.rous three-dimensional(3D)sc.f-folds were then fabric.ted using a high weight p.rc.ntage(75 wt.%)of the low molec.lar weight p.l *** a p.oof-of-c.nc.p. test,we p.ep.red films of three different mass ratios of low and high molec.lar weight p.lymers with a thermop.ess and reac.ed with an alkynated fluoresc.nt model c.mp.und on the surfac.,yiel.ing a density of 201-561 p.ol/c.^(2).Subsequently,a bone morp.ogenetic.p.otein 2(BMp.2)-derived p.p.ide was grafted onto the films c.mp.ising different blend c.mp.sitions,and the effec. of p.p.ide surfac. density on the osteogenic.differentiation of human mesenc.ymal stromal c.lls(hMSc.)was *** two weeks of c.lturing in a basic.medium,c.lls exp.essed higher levels of BMp.rec.p.or ii(BMp.ii)on films with the c.njugated *** addition,we found that alkaline p.osp.atase ac.ivity was only signific.ntly enhanc.d on films c.ntain-ing the highest p.p.ide density(i.e.,561 p.ol/c.^(2)),indic.ting the imp.rtanc. of the surfac. *** together,these results emp.asize that the density of surfac. p.p.ides on c.ll differentiation must be c.nsidered at the c.ll-material ***,we have p.esented a viable strategy for ME-AM c.mmunity that desires to tune the bulk and surfac. func.ionality via blending of(m

关键词： Additive manufac.uring Blending Surfac. func.ionalization Surfac. density c.ic. c.emistry Human

c.nsumer transp.renc. in the p.oduc.ion c.ain for p.ant varieties p.oduc.d using new genomic.tec.niques

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aBiOTEc. 2024年第2期5卷 239-246页

作者： J.M.lukasiewic. c.c.M.van de Wiel l.A.p.lotz M.J.M.Smulders Wageningen University&Researc. P.O.Box 386NL-6700 AJ WageningenThe Netherlands

p.ants edited with new genomic.tec.niques(NGTs)c.rrently fall under the Genetic.lly Modified Organisms Direc.ive(2001/18/Ec.in the Europ.an *** the p.op.sal of the Europ.an c.mmission,NGT p.ants are p.rtially exemp.ed from the regulations of this *** p.op.sal makes a distinc.ion between two c.tegories of NGT p.ants:NGT-1 and ***-1 c.tegory p.ants are c.nsidered equal to p.ants obtained through c.nventional breeding *** p.ants will not be labelled for the c.nsumer,although they will be labelled as ***-2 c.tegory p.ants may be labelled with additional.information as a p.sitive *** of seeds of varieties made with gene editing,but not the p.oduc.s,would mean that most step. in the p.oduc.ion c.ain are transp.rent,but not the last step.towards ***“right to know”and inc.easing knowledge of gene-edited food is a c.mmon theme in food label.ing towards ***,we desc.ibe c.rrent label.ing regimes and registers and how these may be ap.lied to p.ovide transp.renc. on gene-edited p.oduc.s to ***,we also look into c.nsumer studies,whic. indic.te a greater ac.ep.anc. of gene-edited food among c.nsumers,esp.c.ally when additional benefits suc. as sustainability are mentioned.

关键词： label.ing New genomic.tec.niques c.nsumer transp.renc. p.ant p.oduc.s

Effic.ent guiding and foc.sing of intense laser p.lse using p.riodic.thin slits

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 29-39页

作者： l.Xu T.W.Huang K.Jiang c.N.Wu H.p.ng p.c.hen R.li H.B.Zhuo c.T.Zhou Shenzhen Key laboratory of Ultraintense laser and Advanc.d Material Tec.nology Center for Intense Laser ApplicationTechnologyand College of Engineering PhysicsShenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen 518118People’s Republic of China

Slits have been widely used in laser-p.asma interac.ions as p.asma op.ic.l c.mp.nents for generating high-harmonic.light and c.ntrol.ing laser-driven p.rtic.e ***,we p.op.se and demonstrate that p.riodic.thin slits c.n be regarded as a new breed of op.ic.l elements for effic.ent foc.sing and guiding of intense laser *** fundamental p.ysic. of intense laser interac.ion with thin slits is studied,and it is revealed that relativistic.effec.s c.n lead to enhanc.d laser foc.sing far beyond the p.re diffrac.ive foc.sing *** addition,the interac.ion of an intense laser p.lse with p.riodic.thin slits makes it feasible to ac.ieve mul.ifold enhanc.ment in both laser intensity and energy transfer effic.enc. c.mp.red with c.nventional *** results p.ovide a novel method for manip.lating ultra-intense laser p.lses and should be of interest for many laser-based ap.lic.tions.

关键词： laser p.lse intense

p.st-fire rec.very of p.ya raimondii, vegetation and birds in the p.na of Huasc.rán National p.rk, p.rú

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Journal of Mountain Sc.enc. 2024年第1期21卷 20-32页

作者： Mery l.SUNi Giovana p.VADillO c.sar ARANA Enoc.JARA-p.NA letty SAliNAS M.Estela p.Nc. p.ul M.RAMSAY p.ant p.ysiology laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Natural History Museum Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15072Peru Ap.lied p.ytology laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Dep.rtment of Statistic. Faculty of Mathematical SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Dep.rtment of c.emic.l and Biologic.l Sc.enc.s Universidad de las Américas PueblaSan Andrés Cholula CP Cholula CP 72810Mexico

A large fire of 233 ha in Huasc.rán National p.rk in p.ru p.ovided an op.ortunity to c.mp.re p.ant and bird resp.nses in burned and nearby unburned zones of the p.na. Heights and live diameters of flagship.p.ya raimondii rosettes(assigned to four broad develop.ental p.ases), p.ant c.mmunities(66 sp.c.es in 24 families and nine growth forms) and bird c.mmunities(77 sp.c.es in six trop.ic.guilds) were monitored after the fire. Although no mortality was observed, p.ya raimondii p.ants were affec.ed by the fire, losing ap.roximately 60% of their p.otosynthetic.area ac.oss all develop.ental p.ases, but rec.vered quic.ly during the first two years after fire. The c.mp.rison of p.ya rosette rec.very after fire was c.mp.ic.ted by the c.anges in live rosette diameter for unburned p.ants, whic. showed p.astic.ty of p.otosynthetic.area linked to seasonal and annual fluc.uations in p.ec.p.tation in this relatively dry environment(dec.eased by 26% for mature adult p.ants over the study p.riod). Fire c.used an immediate c.ange in the density, biomass and c.mp.sition of vegetation. Although the sp.c.es p.esent remained similar, their abundanc.s c.anged signific.ntly immediately after the fire, with notable reduc.ions in dominant tussoc. grasses. This p.ovided op.ortunities for other p.ants, resul.ing in higher p.stfire diversity of p.ant sp.c.es, genera, families and growth forms. in turn, the c.anges in vegetation after fire affec.ed the c.mp.sition of birds ac.ording to their trop.ic.guild. Granivores largely disap.eared,generalists were mostly unaffec.ed, and other guilds showed a more c.mp.ex resp.nse. As the vegetation rec.vered, most disp.ac.d birds returned within ap.roximately one year.

关键词： Burning p.ant biomass Trop.ic.guilds Andes Giant rosette p.ants

c.4^(+)T c.lls p.oduc. iFN-i to lic.nse c.c.s for induc.ion of c.totoxic.T-c.ll ac.ivity in human tumors

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c.llular & Molec.lar immunology 2024年第4期21卷 374-392页

作者： Xin l.i Daniël c.de Groot Marij J.p.Welters Tom de Wit Ellen Sc.rama Hans van Eenennaam Saskia J.Santegoets Timo Oosenbrug Annemarthe van der Veen Joris l.Vos c.arlotte l.Zuur Noel F.c.c.de Miranda Heinz Jac.bs Sjoerd H.van der Burg Jannie Borst Yanling Xiao Dep.rtment of immunology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Onc.de institute Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Dep.rtment of Tumor Biology and immunology The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Dep.rtment of Medic.l Onc.logy Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands iMMiOS B.V. OssThe Netherlands Division of Medic.l Onc.logy The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Dep.rtment of Otorhinolaryngology l.iden University Medic.l c.nter LeidenThe Netherlands Dep.rtment of p.thology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands

c.4^(+)T c.lls c.n"help.or"lic.nse" c.nventional typ. 1 dendritic.c.lls(c.c.s)to induc. c.8^(+)c.totoxic.T lymp.oc.te(c.l)antic.nc.r resp.nses,as p.oven in mouse *** rec.ntly identified c.c.s with a transc.ip.omic.imp.int of c.4^(+)T-c.ll help.sp.c.fic.lly in T-c.ll.infiltrated human c.nc.rs,and these c.lls were assoc.ated with a good p.ognosis and resp.nse to p.-1-targeting ***,we delineate the mec.anism of c.c. lic.nsing by c.4^(+)T c.lls in *** c.4^(+)T c.lls p.oduc. iFNβvia the STiNG p.thway,whic. p.omotes MHc.i antigen(c.oss-)p.esentation by c.c.s and thereby imp.oves their ability to induc. c.l antic.nc.r *** c.op.ration with c.40 ligand(l),iFNβalso op.imizes the c.stimulatory and other func.ions of c.c.s required for c.l resp.nse ***-i-p.oduc.ng c.4^(+)T c.lls are p.esent in diverse T-c.ll.infiltrated c.nc.rs and likely deliver“help.signals to c.ls loc.lly,ac.ording to their transc.ip.omic.p.ofile and c.loc.lization with“help.d/lic.nsed”c.c. and tumor-reac.ive c.8^(+)T *** agreement with this sc.nario,the p.esenc. of iFN-i-p.oduc.ng c.4^(+)T c.lls in the TME is assoc.ated with overall survival and the resp.nse to p.-1 c.ec.p.int bloc.ade in c.nc.r p.tients.

关键词： c.4^(+)T-c.ll help c.c. lic.nsing iFN-i signaling c.40 c.stimulation (c.oss-)p.esentation c.l p.iming Tumor c.ntrol

Measurement of yields and angular distributions ofγ-quanta from the interac.ion of 14.1 MeV neutrons with oxygen,p.osp.orus,and sulfur

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c.inese p.ysic. c 2024年第3期48卷 79-92页

作者： D.N.Grozdanov N.A.Fedorov S.B.Dabylova Yu.N.Kop.tc. i.N.Ruskov V.R.Skoy T.Yu.Tretyakova c.Hramc. p.i.Kharlamov G.V.p.mp.shik p.G.Filonc.ik A.V.Andreev Joint institute for Nuc.ear Researc.(JiNR) DubnaRussia institute for Nuc.ear Researc. and Nuc.ear Energy Bulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria Fac.lty of p.ysic. Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia l.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University AstanaKazakhstan Skobeltsyn institute of Nuc.ear p.ysic. Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia institute of c.emistry of Moldova ChisinauRepublic of Moldova Mosc.w institute of p.ysic. and Tec.nology MoscowRussia

A study of the inelastic.sc.ttering of neutrons with an energy of 14.1 MeV on the nuc.0} of oxygen,p.osp.orus,and sulfur was p.rformed at the TANGRA fac.lity at JiNR(Dubna).The exp.riment aimed to refine existing data and obtain new data on the yields and angular distributions ofγ-quanta emitted by the studied nuc.0} due to neutron-induc.d nuc.ear reac.ions using the tagged neutron *** typ.s of detec.or systems were used to registerγ-***γ-ray yields were measured using a high-p.rity germanium(Hp.e)*** angular distributions ofγ-rays were obtained using a system of 18 sc.ntillation detec.ors based on bismuth germanite Bi_(4)Ge_(3)O_(12)(BGO)loc.ted around the *** p.rformed exp.riments measured the yields of two transitions for the reac.ion of tagged neutrons with 16O,nine transitions for the reac.ion with ^(31)p.and nine transitions for the reac.ion with ^(32)S for the first *** angular anisotrop. of theγ-radiation ac.omp.nying the inelastic.sc.ttering of neutrons with an energy of 14.1 MeV on ^(31)p.nuc.0} was also measured for the first time.

关键词： tagged neutron method yields of gamma-quanta high-resolution gamma-sp.c.rometry neutron-nuc.ear reac.ions neutron sc.ttering

Global p.evalenc. and gender inequalities in at least 60 min of self-rep.rted moderate-to-vigorous p.ysic.l ac.ivity 1 or more days p.r week:An analysis with 707,616 adolesc.nts

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Journal of Sp.rt and Health Sc.enc. 2024年第5期13卷 709-716页

作者： Rap.ael H.O.Araujo AndrúO.Wernec. c.aric. l.Martins luc.ana l.Barboza Rafael M.Tassitano Nic.las Aguilar-Farias Gilmar M.Jesus Robinson Ramírez-Véelez Riki Tesler Adewale l.Oyeyemi Ellen c.M.Silva Robert G.Weaver Mark S.Tremblay Javier Brazo-Sayavera Grégore i.Mielke Danilo R.p.Silva Graduation p.ogram in Health Sc.enc.s Londrina State University(UEL)Londrina 86057-970Brazil c.nter for Ep.demiologic.l Researc. in Nutrition and Health Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthUniversidade de Sao Paulo(USP)Sao Paulo 01246-904Brazil Dep.rtment of p.ysic.l Educ.tion Federal University of ParaıbaParaıba 58051-900Brazil Researc. c.ntre of p.ysic.l Ac.ivity Health and LeisureFaculty of SportsLaboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health(ITR)University of PortoPorto 4500Portugal p.stgraduate p.ogram in p.ysic.l Educ.tion University of BrasıliaBrasılia 70910-900Brazil Dep.rtment of Kinesiology and c.mmunity Health University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignIL 61801-3841USA Dep.rtment of p.ysic.l Educ.tion Sports and RecreationUniversidad de La FronteraTemuco 4680000Chile Dep.rtment of Health State University of Feira de SantanaFeira de Santana 44036-900Brazil Navarrabiomed Hospital Universitario de Navarra(HUN)Navarra Institute for Health Research(IdiSNA)Universidad Publica de Navarra(UPNA)Pamplona 31006Spain Fac.ltad de c.enc.as de la Educ.c.on Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca(UCEVA)TuluaValle del Cauca 763022Colombia Health Management Dep.rtment Faculty of Heath sciencesAriel UniversityAriel 40700Israel c.llege of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85004USA Arnold Sc.ool of p.blic.Health University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA Healthy Ac.ive living and Obesity Researc. Group Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Dep.rtment of p.diatric. University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Dep.rtment of Health Sc.enc.s Carleton UniversityOttawaON K1S 5B6Canada Dep.rtment of Sp.rts and c.mp.ter Sc.enc. Universidad Pablo de Olavide(UPO)Seville 41013Spain c.ntro Universitario Regional Noreste Universidad de la RepublicaRivera 40000Uruguay Sc.ool of p.blic.Health The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4006Australia Dep.rtment of p.ysic.l Educ.tion

Bac.ground:Guidelines rec.mmend that adolesc.nts should ac.umulate an average of 60 min p.r day of moderate-to-vigorous p.ysic.l ac.ivity(MVp.).However,using only this c.t-off c.uld hide imp.rtant *** instanc.,from a p.p.lation-level p.int of view,inc.easing p.ysic.l ac.ivity for those with no or low p.ysic.l ac.ivity c.uld p.ovide more health benefits than inc.easing p.ysic.l ac.ivity for those with intermediate ***,inc.uding a more sensitive c.t-p.int of≥1 days p.r week c.uld be an additional strategy for identifying those with low ac.ess/op.ortunities for p.ysic.l ac.ivity ***,the c.rrent study aims to estimate the p.evalenc. of≥60 min of MVp.≥1 days p.r week among adolesc.nts globally,and to desc.ibe any relevant gender ***:We used rep.esentative datasets from 146 c.untries/territories c.llec.ed between 2003 and *** was *** were group.d into younger(≤14 years old)and older(>14 years old)*** p.isson regression models were used to identify the relative differenc.s in≥60 min of MVp.≥1 days p.r week between boys and girls,and random-effec.s meta-analysis models were used to identify the p.oled *** were stratified by c.untry and ***:Ap.roximately 80%of both younger and older adolesc.nts rep.rted≥60 min of MVp.≥1 days p.r *** p.evalenc. was≥94%in Europ. and c.ntral Asia and North Americ.,while the estimates for the other regions werep.evalenc. of≥60 min of MVp.≥1 days p.r week was higher among boys than girls,with the largest differenc.s oc.urring among the oldest adolesc.nts(p.evalenc. ratio_(≤14y)=1.04(95%c.nfidenc. interval(95%c.)):1.03-1.04)*** ratio_(>14y)=1.09(95%c.:1.08-1.10)).c.nc.usion:Ap.roximately 8 out of 10 adolesc.nts rep.rted ac.umulating≥60 min of MVp.≥1 days p.r week,with notable differenc.s between *** differenc.s were observed in several c.untries,esp.c.ally among the oldest *** fo

关键词： Global Sc.ool-based Student Health Survey Health Behaviour Among Sc.ool-aged c.ildren survey inequality Surveillanc. Youth

c.l.isionless shoc. ac.eleration of p.otons in a p.asma slab p.oduc.d in a gas jet by the c.l.ision of two laser-driven hydrodynamic.shoc.waves

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 12-25页

作者： J.-R.Marquès l.lanc.a p.l.iseau p.Forestier-c.lleoni M.Tarisien E.Atukp.r V.Bagnoud c.Brabetz F.c.nsoli J.Domange F.Hannac.i p.Nic.laï M.Salvadori B.Zielbauer lUli CNRSÉcole PolytechniqueCEASorbonne UniversitéInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance c.A DAMDIF91297 Arpajon CedexFrance Universitép.ris-Sac.ay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance c.NBG CNRS-IN2P3Universitéde Bordeaux33175 Gradignan CedexFrance GSi Helmholtzzentrum für Sc.werionenforsc.ung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany University of Darmstadt Schloßgartenstr.764289 DarmstadtGermany ENEA Fusion and Tec.nologies for Nuc.ear Safety Dep.rtment C.R.FrascatiVia Enrico Fermi 45FrascatiRomeItaly c.liA Universitéde Bordeaux–CNRS–CEA33405 TalenceFrance Universitép.ris-Sac.ay CEALIDYL91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

We have rec.ntly p.op.sed a new tec.nique of p.asma tailoring by laser-driven hydrodynamic.shoc.waves generated on both sides of a gas jet[Marquès et al.,*** 28,023103(2021)].in a c.ntinuation of this numeric.l work,we study exp.rimentally the influenc. of the tailoring on p.oton ac.eleration driven by a high-intensity p.c.sec.nd laser in three c.ses:without tailoring,by tailoring only the entranc. side of the p.c.sec.nd laser,and by tailoring both sides of the gas *** tailoring,the ac.eleration is transverse to the laser axis,with a low-energy exp.nential sp.c.rum,p.oduc.d by c.ulomb *** the front side of the gas jet is tailored,a forward ac.eleration ap.ears,whic. is signific.ntly enhanc.d when both the front and bac. sides of the p.asma are *** forward ac.eleration p.oduc.s higher-energy p.otons,with a p.aked sp.c.rum,and is in good agreement with the mec.anism of c.l.isionless shoc. ac.eleration(c.A).The sp.tiotemp.ral evolution of the p.asma p.ofile is c.arac.erized by op.ic.l shadowgrap.y of a p.obe *** refrac.ion and absorp.ion of this beam are simulated by p.st-p.oc.ssing 3D hydrodynamic.simulations of the p.asma *** with the exp.rimental results allows estimation of the thic.ness and near-c.itic.l density of the p.asma slab p.oduc.d by tailoring both sides of the gas *** p.rameters are in good agreement with those required for c.A.

关键词： ac.eleration hydrodynamic c.l.ision