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Viral respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims in 2013

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Virologica Sinica 2014年第6期29卷 364-371页

作者： Osamah Barasheed Harunor Rashid Mohammad Alfelali Mohamed Tashani Mohammad Azeem Hamid Bokhary Nadeen Kalantan Jamil Samkari Leon Heron Jen Kok Janette Taylor Haitham El Bashir Ziad A.Memish Elizabeth Haworth edward c.holmes Dominic E Dwyer Atif Asghar Robert Booy National centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NcIRS) The Children’s Hospital at WestmeadNSWAustralia Department of Family and community Medicine Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityRabighSaudi Arabia The custodian of the two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia King Abdulaziz Medical city JeddahSaudi Arabia centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services Westmead HospitalNSWAustralia Hamad Medical corporation DohaQatar Ministry of Health RiyadhSaudi Arabia Menzies Research Institute Tasmania HobartTasmaniaAustralia Sydney Medical School The University of SydneyNSWAustralia Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity The University of SydneyNSWAustralia

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-co V) has emerged in the Arabian Gulf region, with its epicentre in Saudi Arabia, the host of the ‘Hajj' which is the world's the largest mass gathering. Transmission of MERS-co V at such an event could lead to its rapid worldwide dissemination. Therefore, we studied the frequency of viruses causing influenza-like illnesses(ILI) among participants in a randomised controlled trial at the Hajj 2013. We recruited 1038 pilgrims from Saudi Arabia, Australia and Qatar during the first day of Hajj and followed them closely for four days. A nasal swab was collected from each pilgrim who developed ILI. Respiratory viruses were detected using multiplex RT-PcR. ILI occurred in 112/1038(11%) pilgrims. Their mean age was 35 years, 49(44%) were male and 35(31%) had received the influenza vaccine pre-Hajj. Forty two(38%) pilgrims had laboratory-confirmed viral infections; 28(25%) rhinovirus, 5(4%) influenza A, 2(2%) adenovirus, 2(2%) human coronavirus Oc43/229 E, 2(2%) parainfluenza virus 3, 1(1%) parainfluenza virus 1, and 2(2%) dual infections. No MERS-co V was detected in any sample. Rhinovirus was the commonest cause of ILI among Hajj pilgrims in 2013. Infection control and appropriate vaccination are necessary to prevent transmission of respiratory viruses at Hajj and other mass gatherings.

关键词： Hajj influenza-like illness mass gathering MERS-coV pilgrim respiratory infections

Identification of novel mammalian viruses in tree shrews(Tupaia belangeri chinensis)

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Zoological Research 2024年第2期45卷 429-438页

作者： Hong Zhou Ren-Rong Tian Xiu-Rong Wang Jin-Xuan Yang Yun-Xiao Wang Ming-Liang Zhao Xu-Dong Zhang Yu-Hua Ma Long-Bao Lv edward cholmes Yong-Tang Zheng Wei-Feng Shi School of clinical and Basic Medical Sciences Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJi’nanShandong 250117China Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesTaianShandong 271000China Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common DiseasesCenter for Biosafety Mega-ScienceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China School of Public Health Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJi’nanShandong 250117China National Resource center for Non-Human Primates Kunming Primate Research CenterKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650107China Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNew South Wales 2006Australia Department of Infectious Diseases Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China Shanghai Institute of Virology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China

The chinese tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri chinensis),a member of the mammalian order Scandentia,exhibits considerable similarities with primates,including humans,in aspects of its nervous,immune,and metabolic *** similarities have established the tree shrew as a promising experimental model for biomedical research on cancer,infectious diseases,metabolic disorders,and mental health ***,we used metatranscriptomic sequencing to analyze plasma,as well as oral and anal swab samples,from 105 healthy asymptomatic tree shrews to identify the presence of potential zoonotic *** total,eight mammalian viruses with complete genomes were identified,belonging to six viral families,including Flaviviridae,Hepeviridae,Parvovirinae,Picornaviridae,Sedoreoviridae,and ***,the presence of rotavirus was recorded in tree shrews for the first *** viruses-hepacivirus 1,parvovirus,and picornavirus-exhibited low genetic similarity(cale,indicating ***,three other viruses-hepacivirus 2,hepatovirus A and hepevirus-exhibited high similarity(>94%)to known viral *** analyses also revealed that the rotavirus and mammalian orthoreovirus identified in this study may be novel *** findings provide insights into the diverse viral spectrum present in captive chinese tree shrews,highlighting the necessity for further research into their potential for crossspecies transmission.

关键词： Tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri chinensis) Meta-transcriptomic sequencing Mammalian viruses Genomic analysis

Identifying the Risk of SARS-coV-2 Infection and Environmental Monitoring in Airborne Infectious Isolation Rooms(AIIRs)

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Virologica Sinica 2020年第6期35卷 785-792页

作者： Zhi-Gang Song Yan-Mei chen Fan Wu Lin Xu Bang-Fang Wang Lei Shi Xiao chen Fa-Hui Dai Jia-Lei She Jian-Min chen edward cholmes Tong-Yu Zhu Yong-Zhen Zhang Shanghai Public Health clinical center State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 201508China college of Marine Sciences South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia

Healthcare workers(HcWs)are at high risk of occupational exposure to the new pandemic human coronavirus,SARScoV-2,and are a source of nosocomial transmission in airborne infectious isolation rooms(AIIRs).Here,we performed comprehensive environmental contamination surveillance to evaluate the risk of viral transmission in AIIRs with 115 rooms in three buildings at the Shanghai Public Health clinical center,Shanghai,during the treatment of 334 patients infected with *** results showed that the risk of airborne transmission of SARS-coV-2 in AIIRs was low(1.62%,25/1544)due to the directional airflow and strong environmental hygiene ***,we detected viral RNA on the surface of foot-operated openers and bathroom sinks in AIIRs(viral load:55.00–3154.50 copies/mL).This might be a source of contamination to connecting corridors and object surfaces through the footwear and gloves used by *** risk of infection was eliminated by the use of disposable footwear covers and the application of more effective environmental and personal hygiene *** the help of effective infection control procedures,none of 290 HcWs was infected when working in the AIIRs at this *** study has provided information pertinent for infection control in AIIRs during the treatment of cOVID-19 patients.

关键词： SARS-coV-2 cOVID-19 Nosocomial transmission AIIRs Environmental sampling

从基因组学角度看SARS-coV-2的起源和出现

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上海医药 2020年第S1期 56-56页

作者：张永振 edward c.holmes 上海市公共卫生临床中心

导读新型冠状病毒SARS-coV-2的持续大流行已引起全球人们的极大关注。edward ***和中国的张永振教授研究团队都参与了该病毒的首次基因组测序。本文结合SARS-coV-2的基因组测序结果及其感染的流行病学特征,就其起源、宿主范围、生物学...

导读新型冠状病毒SARS-coV-2的持续大流行已引起全球人们的极大关注。edward ***和中国的张永振教授研究团队都参与了该病毒的首次基因组测序。本文结合SARS-coV-2的基因组测序结果及其感染的流行病学特征,就其起源、宿主范围、生物学特性及其感染的防控等作一相关介绍。背景尽管回顾性研究表明,最早出现症状的新型冠状病毒肺炎(cOVID-19)病例可追溯到2019年12月1日,但中国湖北省武汉市的首例cOVID-19报告时间为2019年12月下旬。

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在中国发现的一种与人类呼吸系统疾病相关的新型冠状病毒

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上海医药 2020年第S1期 50-50页

作者：吴凡陈燕玫宋志刚张永振裴媛媛张玉玲代发辉刘伟王启敏郑娇娇徐琳 edward c.holmes 上海市公共卫生临床中心

研究背景新发突发传染病,如严重急性呼吸系统综合征(SARS)和寨卡病毒病等,给公共卫生带来严重的威胁。尽管在此方面开展了大量的研究工作,但何时何地出现新的疾病仍然不可预知。最近,在中国湖北省武汉市出现了严重的呼吸道疾病。自2019...

研究背景新发突发传染病,如严重急性呼吸系统综合征(SARS)和寨卡病毒病等,给公共卫生带来严重的威胁。尽管在此方面开展了大量的研究工作,但何时何地出现新的疾病仍然不可预知。最近,在中国湖北省武汉市出现了严重的呼吸道疾病。自2019年12月12日第1例患者住院以来,到2020年1月25日,至少已有1 975例确诊病例。流行病学调查表明,疫情的暴发与武汉市的一个海鲜市场有关。

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Effect of the Laser Heating of Nanotube Nuclei on the Nanotube Type Population

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Nano Research 2009年第10期2卷 818-827页

作者： Pavel Nikolaev William holmes edward Sosa Peter Boul Sivaram Arepalli Department of Energy Science Sungkyunkwan University300 Cheoncheon-dongJangan-guSuwon 440-746Korea Alan G.MacDiarmid NanoT ech Institute The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbell RoadRichardsonTX 75080USA ERc Inc./NASA Johnson Space center Mail Stop ES-4P.O.Box 58561HoustonTX 77258USA

Many potential applications of carbon nanotubes are expected to benet from the availability of single-walled carbon nanotube materials enriched in metallic species,and specifically armchair *** present work focuses on the modification of the pulsed laser vaporization(PLV)technique to selectively produce certain carbon nanotube *** nuclei were“warmed-up”with an additional laser pulse,timed to coincide approximately with the nucleation *** effect of the second laser on the carbon vapor temperature was studied by emission *** type populations with and without warm-up were compared by means of absorption,photoluminescence,and Raman *** was found that the warm-up of nanotube nuclei with a laser pulse has a noticeable,albeit small,effect on the nanotube *** intensity of spectral features associated with(9,7)nanotube and its large chiral angle neighbors increased,while small chiral angle nanotubes decreased,with exception of the(15,0)*** experiment demonstrates that nanotube population during PLV synthesis can be manipulated in a controlled fashion.

关键词： Nanotube synthesis pulsed laser vaporization nanotube population

Extraction of 17β-estradiol in water using non-imprinted polymer submicron particles in membrane filters

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第11期22卷 1820-1825页

作者： Yiyan Li edward P. c. Lai Institute of Environmental Science Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada. Department of chemistry Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada

17β-Estradiol （E2） is an endocrine disrupting chemical of harm to both animals and human beings at a low concentration level （ng/L）. It cannot be completely removed by wastewater treatments, and is often detected in both environment and drinking waters. The purpose of this feasibility study, towards environmental engineering in the field of water analysis and treatment, was to remove E2 by extraction using non-imprinted polymer （NIP） submicron particles. Experimental results showed that 0.5 mg/L of E2 could be completely extracted by adding 10 mg of NIP particles directly into 10 mL of water. However, the extraction efficiency decreased to 64% for 100 mL of water. prefilling the NIP particles inside a membrane filter showed a potential for water treatment of a large volume, requiring no effort to distribute the particles uniformly in the water. High extraction efficiency （80 ± 10）% for E2 was achieved for 100 mL of water. A total mass of 0.29 mg E2 was extracted from 1000 mL of water containing 0.8 mg/L E2 （by using only 10 mg of NIP particles）. Both efficiency and mass capacity can be increased, by scaling up the amount of NIP particles, towards environmental engineering applications.

关键词： 17β-estradiol non-imprinted polymer submicron particles membrane filter pollution abatement technology

Use of sub-micron sized resin particles for removal of endocrine disrupting compounds and pharmaceuticals from water and wastewater

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第1期29卷 256-264页

作者： Audrey Murray Banu rmeci edward P.c.Lai Department of civil and Environmental Engineering Carleton University Department of chemistry Carleton University

Endocrine disrupting compounds（EDcs） and pharmaceuticals pose a challenge for water and wastewater treatment because they exist at very low concentrations in the presence of substances at much higher concentrations competing for adsorption ***-micron sized resin particles（approximately 300 nm in diameter）（SMR） were tested to evaluate their potential as a treatment for EDcs including：17-β estradiol（E2）,17-α ethinylestradiol（EE2）,estrone（E1）,bisphenol A（BPA）,and diethylstilbestrol（DES） as well as 12 *** were able to remove 98%of spiked E2,80%of EE2,87%of BPA,and up to 97%of DES from *** a 0.5 ppm mixture of E2,EE2,E1,BPA and DES,the minimum removal was24%（E2） and the maximum was 49%（DES）.They were also able to remove the pharmaceuticals from deionized water and ***,SMR are a promising advanced treatment for removal of both EDcs and pharmaceuticals.

关键词： Water treatment Wastewater treatment Pharmaceuticals Endocrine disrupting compounds Micropollutants Adsorption

Network coding-aware cache replacement policy in on-demand broadcast environments

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2012年第5期19卷 92-100页

作者：陈君 LEE Victor c S cHAN edward School of Information Management Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Dept.of computer Science City University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Network coding has been proved to be an effective technique in improving the performance of data broadcast systems because clients requesting different data items can be served simultaneously in one broadcast. Previous studies showed that its efficiency is highly related to the content of clients' cache. However, existing data broadcast systems do not take network coding information into account when making cache replacement decisions. In this paper, we propose two networks coding-aware cache replacement policies called DLRU and DLRU-cP to supplement network coding assisted data broadcast in on-demand broadcast environments. In DLRU, both data access and decoding contribution are taken into account to make replacement decisions. DLRU-cP is based on DLRU but allows clients to retrieve decodable data items that have not been requested yet. The performance gain of our proposed cache replacement policies over traditional cache replacement policy is shown in the simulation results, which demonstrate conclusively that the proposed policies can effectively reduce the overall response time.

关键词： Network coding cache replacement on-demand broadcast mobile computing