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State-of-the-Art management of knee osteoarthritis

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World j.urnal of Clinical Cases 2015年第2期3卷 89-101页

作者： kenton H Fibel Howard j.Hillstrom Brian C Halpern Department of Medicine Primary Care Sports MedicineHospital for Special Surgery Leon Root Motion Analysis Laboratory Department of RehabilitationHospital for Special Surgery

Osteoarthritis(OA) is the most common type of arthritis found in the United States' population and is also the most common disease of j.ints in adults throughout the world with the knee being the most frequently affected of all j.ints. As the United States' population ages along with the increasing trends in obesity prevalence in other parts of the world, it is expected that the burden of OA on the population, healthcare system, and overall economy will continue to increase in the future without making maj.r improvements in managing knee OA. Numerous therapies aim to reduce symptoms of knee OA and continued research has helped to further understand the complex pathophysiology of its disease mechanism attempting to uncover new potential targets for the treatment of OA. This review article seeks to evaluate the current practices for managing knee OA and discusses emerging therapies on the horizon. These practices include non-pharmacological treatments such as providing patient education and self-management strategies, advising weight loss, strengthening programs, and addressing biomechanical issues with bracing or foot orthoses. Oral analgesics and anti-inflammatories are pharmacologicals that are commonly used and the literature overall supports that some of these medications can be helpful for managing knee OA in the short-term but are less effective for long-term management. Additionally, more prolonged use significantly increases the risk of serious associated side effects that are not too uncommon. Diseasemodifying osteoarthritis drugs are being researched as a treatment modality to potentially halt or slow disease progression but data at this time is limited and continued studies are being conducted to further investigate their effectiveness. Intra-articular inj.ctables are also implemented to manage knee OA ranging from corticosteroids to hyaluronans to more recently plateletrich plasma and even stem cells while several other inj.ction therapies are presently b

关键词： Disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs Knee osteoarthritis Disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs Osteoarthritis management Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs Hyaluronic acid Arthroscopy Platelet-rich plasma Corticosteroids Stem cells

Direct detection and measurement of wall shear stress using a filamentous bio-nanoparticle

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Nano Research 2015年第10期8卷 3307-3315页

作者： Daniela P. Lobo Alan M. Wemyss David j. Smith Anne Straube Kai B. Betteridge Andrew H. j. Salmon Rebecca R. Foster Hesham E. Elhegni Simon C. Satchell Haydn A. Little Raul Pacheco-Gomez Mark j. Simmons Matthew R. Hicks David O. Bates Alison Rodger Timothy R. Dafforn kenton P. Arkill DepartmentofChemistryandWarwickAnalyticalScienceCentre UniversityofWarwickCoventryCV47ALUK MOACDoctoralTrainingCentre UniversityofWarwickCoventryCV47ALUK Mathematics UniversityofBirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamWestMidlandsB152TTUK CentreforMechanochemicalCellBiology WarwickMedicalSchoolUniversityofWarwickCoventryCV47ALUK PhysiologyandPharmacology UniversityofBristolUniversityWalkBristolBS81TDUK ClinicalSciences WhitsonStreetUniversityofBristolBristolBS13NYUK SchoolofChemistry UniversityofBirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamWestMidlandsB152TTUK Biosciences UniversityofBirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamWestMidlandsB152TTUK ChemicalEngineering UniversityofBirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamWestMidlandsB152TTUK SchoolofMedicine UniversityofNottinghamQueen'sMedicalCentreNottinghamNG27UHUK Biochemistry UniversityofBristolUniversityWalkBristolBS81TDUK

The wall shear stress （WSS） that a moving fluid exerts on a surface affects many processes including those relating to vascular function. WSS plays an important role in normal physiology （e.g. angiogenesis） and affects the microvasculature＇s primary function of molecular transport. Points of fluctuating WSS show abnormalities in a number of diseases; however, there is no established technique for measuring WSS directly in physiological systems. All current methods rely on estimates obtained from measured velocity gradients in bulk flow data. In this work, we report a nanosensor that can directly measure WSS in microfluidic chambers with sub-micron spatial resolution by using a specific type of virus, the bacteriophage M13, which has been fluorescently labeled and anchored to a surface. It is demonstrated that the nanosensor can be calibrated and adapted for biological tissue, revealing WSS in micro-domains of cells that cannot be calculated accurately from bulk flow measurements. This method lends itself to a platform applicable to many applications in biology and microfluidics.

关键词： microfluidics nanoparticle M13 bacteriophage wall shear stress fluorescent microscopy

An Essential Oil Blend Decreases Methane Emissions and Increases Milk Yield in Dairy Cows

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Open j.urnal of Animal Sciences 2019年第3期9卷 259-267页

作者： kenton j. Hart Hefin G. j.nes Kate E. Waddams Hilary j. Worgan Beatrice Zweifel C. j.mie Newbold Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS) Aberystwyth University Aberystwyth Ceredigion UK Caltech Crystalyx Siloth Cumbria UK Agolin SA Switzerland Scotland’s Rural College Kings Buildings Edinburgh UK

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a commercial essential oil (EO) additive on milk production and methane (CH4) emissions from dairy cows. Early lactation Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were fed grass, whole crop wheat and corn silage total mixed ration. Cows were allocated to one of two experimental treatments: Control (no additive, CON) or 1 g/head/day of EO. Cows were housed in a free stall barn, split into two pens for the duration of the experiment. Two gas data loggers units used to measure CH4 emissions were provided per pen for the duration of the 22 week-long study. Milk yield was determined daily, and milk components were analyzed every two weeks. CH4 was recorded continuously, and daily values were tabulated. Body weight and body condition score were determined at the start and bi-weekly. Results were analyzed as a randomized complete block trial. In total, 149 cows participated in the study (76 CON, 73 EO). Milk yields were greater (P 0.05) by treatment. Yields of fat, protein, lactose, and solids were higher for EO fed cows (P 4 output was reduced with the EO compared to the CON treatment (411 g/day vs 438 g/day;13.8 g/L of milk vs 17.2 g/L of milk, P < 0.05) over the duration of the trial. There were no effects of treatment on reproductive performance or the occurrence of mastitis. Feeding EO to dairy cows reduced CH4 emissions whilst also increasing performance.

关键词： Dairy Cows Essential Oils Methane Milk Yield

缺血性卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作患者的卒中预防指南

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中华脑血管病论坛 2006年第1期4卷 21-66页

作者： Ralph L.Sacco Robert Adams Grge Albers Mark j.ALBERTS Oscar Benavente Karen Furie Larry B.Goldstein Philip Gorelick j.nathan Halperin Robert Harbaugh S.Claiborne j.hnston Irene Katzan Margaret Kelly-Hayes edgar j.kenton Michael Marks Lee H.Schwamm Thomas Tomsick 曹勇军（译）陈孝东（译）毛成洁（译）刘春风（译）

这份新声明旨在为缺血性卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作存活者的缺血性卒中预防提供全面和及时的循证推荐，循证推荐包括对危险因素的控制，动脉粥样硬化性疾病的干预措施，心源性栓塞的抗栓治疗以及非心源性卒中抗血小板药的应用。另外，还为... 详细信息

这份新声明旨在为缺血性卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作存活者的缺血性卒中预防提供全面和及时的循证推荐，循证推荐包括对危险因素的控制，动脉粥样硬化性疾病的干预措施，心源性栓塞的抗栓治疗以及非心源性卒中抗血小板药的应用。另外，还为其他多种特殊情况下复发性卒中的预防提供了推荐、包括动脉夹层分离、卵圆孔未闭、高同型半胱氨酸血症、高凝状态、镰状细胞病、脑静脉窦血栓形成、女性卒中（特别是与妊娠和绝经后激素替代治疗相关卒中），脑出血后肮凝药的应用，以及该指南在高危人群中执行和应用的特殊措施。

关键词：美国心脏协会科学声明缺血短暂性脑缺血发作卒中

AHA/ASA关于卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作患者卒中预防推荐的更新

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中华脑血管病杂志（电子版） 2008年第6期2卷 378-381页

作者： Robert j.Adams Greg Albers Mark j.Alberts Oscar Benavente Karen Furie Larry B.Goldstein Philip Gorelick j.nathan Halperin Robert Harbaugh S.Claiborne j.hnston Irene Katzan Margaret Kelly-Hayes edgar j.kenton Michael Marks Ralph L.Sacco Lee H.Schwamm 赵洪芹李海峰青岛大学医学院附属医院神经内科 266003

在卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作（transient ischemicattack,TIA）患者卒中预防推荐发表以后，美国心脏协会和美国卒中协会（American Heart Association／American Stroke Association，AHA／ASA）著述委员会对最近的一些试验结果进行了回... 详细信息

在卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作（transient ischemicattack,TIA）患者卒中预防推荐发表以后，美国心脏协会和美国卒中协会（American Heart Association／American Stroke Association，AHA／ASA）著述委员会对最近的一些试验结果进行了回顾。本文的目的是对这些新资料做简要回顾、

关键词：短暂性脑缺血发作卒中协会 AHA 预防 ASA 美国心脏协会委员会新资料